الحرب الأهلية الإنجليزية
- الفترة
- 1642 – 1651
- المعارك
- 46
الحرب الأهلية الإنجليزية (1642-1651) هي سلسلة من الحروب الأهلية والمكائد السياسية دارت بين البرلمانيين والملكيين (الفرسان) بشأن حكم إنجلترا. حرّضت الحربان الأولى (1642-1646) والثانية (1648-1649) أنصار الملك تشارلز الأول ضد أنصار البرلمان الطويل، بينما شهدت الحرب الثالثة (1649-1651) قتالاً بين أنصار الملك تشارلز الثاني وأنصار البرلمان المتبقي. انتهت الحرب بانتصار البرلمانيين في معركة وورسيستر في الثالث من شهر سبتمبر عام 1651.
المصادر: ويكيبيديا — الحرب الأهلية الإنجليزية · CC BY-SA 4.0
المعارك 46
1642
معركة إيدجهيل
معركة إيدجهيل: هي معركة ضارية في الحرب الأهلية الإنجليزية الأولى. وقعت بالقرب من إيدج هيل وكينيتن في جنوب وارويكشاير يوم الأحد، 23 أكتوبر 1642.
1642
Battle of Turnham Green
The Battle of Turnham Green took place on 13 November 1642 near the village of Turnham Green, at the end of the first campaigning season of the First English Civil War. The battle resulted in a standoff between the forces of King Charles I and the much larger Parliamentarian army under the command of the Earl of Essex. In blocking the Royalist army's way to London immediately, however, the Parliamentarians gained an important strategic victory as the standoff forced Charles and his army to retreat to Oxford for secure winter quarters.
1642
Battle of Brentford (1642)
The Battle of Brentford was a small pitched battle which took place on 12 November 1642 in Brentford, Middlesex, between a detachment of the Royalist army under the command of Prince Rupert, and two infantry regiments of Parliamentarians with some horse in support. The result was a victory for the Royalists.
1642
Battle of Powick Bridge
The battle of Powick Bridge was a skirmish fought on 23 September 1642 south of Worcester, England, during the First English Civil War. It was the first engagement between elements of the principal field armies of the Royalists and Parliamentarians. Sir John Byron was escorting a Royalist convoy of valuables from Oxford to King Charles's army in Shrewsbury and, worried about the proximity of the Parliamentarians, took refuge in Worcester on 16 September to await reinforcements. The Royalists despatched a force commanded by Prince Rupert. Meanwhile, the Parliamentarians sent a detachment, under Colonel John Brown, to try to capture the convoy. Each force consisted of around 1,000 mounted troops, a mix of cavalry and dragoons.
1642
Siege of Hull (1642)
The first siege of Hull marked an escalation in the conflict between King Charles I and Parliament during the preliminaries of the First English Civil War. Charles sought to secure the large arsenal held in Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire. He first approached the town in late April 1642 and was rebuffed by the town's Parliamentarian governor, Sir John Hotham. Charles retreated to York but in July he received news that Hotham might be willing to hand over the town if the Royalists approached with force large enough for Hotham to surrender with his honour intact.
1642 – 1646
Siege of Plymouth
The Siege of Plymouth, August 1642 to February 1646, took place during the First English Civil War, when Royalist forces besieged the Parliamentarian-held port of Plymouth in Devon.
1642
Siege of Portsmouth
The siege of Portsmouth was the siege of a Royalist garrison in Portsmouth by a Parliamentarian force conducted in the early part of the First English Civil War. The siege resulted in Portsmouth falling to Parliament after a little under a month of conflict.
1642
Battle of Babylon Hill
The battle of Babylon Hill was an indecisive skirmish that took place between Royalist and Parliamentarian forces near Yeovil, in South West England, on 7 September 1642, during the early stages of the First English Civil War. The engagement occurred after a failed Parliamentarian siege of nearby Royalist-held Sherborne. After the Parliamentarians had retreated to Yeovil, a force of around 350 Royalists was sent to reconnoitre their movements. Under the command of Sir Ralph Hopton, the Royalist detachment established itself on Babylon Hill, on the outskirts of Yeovil.
1642
Battle of Aylesbury
The Battle of Aylesbury was an engagement which took place on 1 November 1642, when Royalist forces, under the command of Prince Rupert, fought Aylesbury's Parliamentarian garrison at Holman's Bridge a few miles to the north of Aylesbury. The Parliamentarian forces were victorious, despite being heavily outnumbered.
1642 – 1643
Siege of Reading
The siege of Reading was an eleven-day blockade of Reading, Berkshire during the First English Civil War. Reading had been garrisoned by 3,000 Royalist troops under Sir Arthur Aston in November 1642. On 14 April 1643, Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex led a Parliamentarian army of 19,000 troops to lay siege to the town, and began bombarding it two days later.
1643
First Battle of Newbury
The First Battle of Newbury was a battle of the First English Civil War that was fought on 20 September 1643 between a Royalist army, under the personal command of King Charles, and a Parliamentarian force led by the Earl of Essex. Following a year of Royalist battlefield successes, in which they took Banbury, Oxford and Reading without conflict before storming Bristol, the Parliamentarians were left without an effective army in the west of England. When Charles laid siege to Gloucester, Parliament was forced to muster a force under Essex with which to beat Charles' forces off. After a long march, Essex surprised the Royalists and forced them away from Gloucester before beginning a retreat to London. Charles rallied his forces and pursued Essex, overtaking the Parliamentarian army at Newbury and forcing them to march past the Royalist force to continue their retreat.
1643
Battle of Adwalton Moor
The Battle of Adwalton Moor occurred on 30 June 1643 at Adwalton, West Yorkshire, during the First English Civil War. In the battle, the Royalists loyal to King Charles led by the Earl of Newcastle soundly defeated the Parliamentarians commanded by Lord Fairfax.
1643
Battle of Roundway Down
The Battle of Roundway Down was fought on 13 July 1643 at Roundway Down near Devizes, in Wiltshire during the First English Civil War. Despite being outnumbered and exhausted after riding overnight from Oxford, a Royalist cavalry force under Lord Wilmot won a crushing victory over the Parliamentarian Army of the West under Sir William Waller.
1643
Battle of Winceby
The Battle of Winceby took place on 11 October 1643 during the First English Civil War near the village of Winceby, Lincolnshire. In the battle, a Royalist relieving force under the command of Sir William Widdrington was defeated by the Parliamentarian cavalry of the Earl of Manchester.
1643
Battle of Hopton Heath
The Battle of Hopton Heath was a part of the First English Civil War, fought on Sunday 19 March 1643 between Parliamentarian forces led by Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet of Hopton and Sir William Brereton, 1st Baronet and the Royalist forces under Spencer Compton, 2nd Earl of Northampton.
1643
Battle of Lansdowne
The First English Civil War battle of Lansdowne, or Lansdown, was fought on 5 July 1643, at Lansdowne Hill, near Bath, Somerset, England. Although the Royalists under Lord Hopton forced the Parliamentarians under Sir William Waller to retreat from their hilltop position, they suffered so many casualties themselves and were left so disordered and short of ammunition that an injured Hopton was forced to retire.
1643
Battle of Braddock Down
The Battle of Braddock Down took place during the south-western campaign of the First English Civil War. It was fought on open ground in Cornwall, on 19 January 1643. An apparently easy victory for the Royalists under Sir Ralph Hopton secured Cornwall for King Charles and confirmed Hopton's reputation as a commander. Hopton also gained respect for the mercy shown to his foe, of whom 1,500 were captured during and after the battle. The precise location of the battlefield is a matter of dispute, though English Heritage believe it to be within parkland at Boconnoc.
1643
Battle of Chalgrove Field
The Battle of Chalgrove Field took place on 18 June 1643, during the First English Civil War, near Chalgrove, Oxfordshire. It is now best remembered for the death of John Hampden, who was wounded in the shoulder during the battle and died six days later.
1643
Battle of Gainsborough
The Battle of Gainsborough took place during the First English Civil War on 28 July 1643. The strategically important town of Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, was a Royalist base used for harassing the Parliamentarians who were generally dominant in Lincolnshire, but it was taken by Parliamentarians in July 1643. An attempt to recapture Gainsborough by Charles Cavendish and the Royalists was foiled in a battle in which Colonel Oliver Cromwell distinguished himself as a cavalry leader.
1643
First Battle of Middlewich
The First Battle of Middlewich took place on 13 March 1643, during the First English Civil War, and was fought between the Parliamentarians, under Sir William Brereton, and the Royalist supporters of King Charles I of England, under Sir Thomas Aston.
1643
Siege of Gloucester
The siege of Gloucester took place between 10 August and 5 September 1643 during the First English Civil War. It was part of a Royalist campaign led by King Charles I to take control of the Severn Valley from the Parliamentarians. Following the costly storming of Bristol on 26 July, Charles invested Gloucester in the hope that a show of force would prompt it to surrender quickly and without bloodshed. When the city, under the governorship of Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Massey, refused, the Royalists attempted to bombard it into submission. Massey adopted an aggressive defence, and the Royalist positions outside the city were regularly disrupted by Parliamentarian raids. The Royalist artillery proved inadequate for the task of siege work and, faced with a shortage of ammunition, the besiegers attempted to breach the city walls by mining. With Royalist miners about to reach the city's east gate and the defenders critically low on gunpowder, a Parliamentarian army led by the Earl of Essex arrived and forced Charles to lift the siege.
1643 – 1645
Siege of Basing House
The siege of Basing House near Basingstoke in Hampshire, was a Parliamentarian victory late in the First English Civil War. Whereas the title of the event may suggest a single siege, there were in fact three major engagements. John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester owned the House and as a committed Royalist garrisoned it in support of King Charles I, as it commanded the road from London to the west through Salisbury.
1644
معركة مارستون مور
دارت معركة مارستون مور في 2 يوليو 1644، أثناء حروب الممالك الثلاث التي امتدت بين عامي 1639 و1653. هُزم الملكيون تحت قيادة الأمير روبرت الرايني ومركيز نيوكاسل على يد القوات المشتركة للبرلمانيين الإنجليز بقيادة لورد فيرفاكس وإيرل مانشستر والاسكتلنديين الكوفنانتيين (المتعاهدين) بقيادة إيرل ليفين.
1644
Second Battle of Newbury
The Second Battle of Newbury was a battle of the First English Civil War fought on 27 October 1644, in Speen, adjoining Newbury in Berkshire. The battle was fought close to the site of the First Battle of Newbury, which took place in late September the previous year.
1644 – 1645
حصار تونتون
حصار تونتون هو مجموعة متسلسلة من الحصارات البحرية، عددها ثلاث، جرت أحداثها في مدينة تونتون البريطانية خلال الحرب الأهلية الإنجليزية الأولى.
1644
Siege of York
The siege of York in 1644 was a prolonged contest for York during the First English Civil War, between the Scottish Covenanter army and the Parliamentarian armies of the Northern Association and Eastern Association, and the Royalist Army under the Marquess of Newcastle. It lasted from 22 April until 1 July when the city was relieved by Prince Rupert of the Rhine. Rupert and Newcastle were defeated the next day at the decisive Battle of Marston Moor, and the siege resumed until the city was surrendered on easy terms on 16 July.
1644 – 1646
Siege of Oxford
The siege of Oxford consisted of the English Civil War military campaigns waged to besiege the Royalist controlled city of Oxford. These were three short engagements over a period of twenty-five months, The siege ended with a Parliamentarian victory in June 1646.
1644
Battle of Lostwithiel
The Battle of Lostwithiel took place over a 13-day period from 21 August to 2 September 1644, around the town of Lostwithiel and along the River Fowey valley in Cornwall during the First English Civil War. A Royalist army led by Charles I of England defeated a Parliamentarian force commanded by the Earl of Essex.
1644
Battle of Cheriton
The Battle of Cheriton of 29 March 1644 was an important Parliamentarian victory during the First English Civil War. Sir William Waller's "Army of the Southern Association" defeated a Royalist force jointly commanded by the Earl of Forth and Sir Ralph Hopton. Defeat ended Royalist hopes of retaking South East England and forced them onto the defensive for the rest of 1644.
1644
Storming of Bolton
The Storming of Bolton, sometimes referred to as the "Bolton massacre", was an event in the First English Civil War which happened on 28 May 1644. The strongly Parliamentarian town was stormed and captured by Royalist forces under Prince Rupert. It was alleged that up to 1,600 of Bolton's defenders and inhabitants were slaughtered during and after the fighting. The "massacre at Bolton" became a staple of Parliamentarian propaganda.
1644
Battle of Cropredy Bridge
The Battle of Cropredy Bridge was fought on Saturday 29 June 1644 near Banbury, Oxfordshire during the First English Civil War. In the engagement, Sir William Waller and the Parliamentarian army failed to capture King Charles.
1645
معركة ناسبي
وقعت معركة ناسبي في 14 يونيو 1645، بين جيش النموذج الجديد بقيادة أوليفر كرومويل وبين الجيش الملكي بقيادة الأمير روبرت.
1645
Battle of Langport
The Battle of Langport took place on 10 July 1645 during the First English Civil War, near Langport in Somerset.
1645
Battle of Rowton Heath
The Battle of Rowton Heath, better known as the Battle of Rowton Moor, occurred on 24 September 1645 during the English Civil War. The Parliamentarians, commanded by Sydnam Poyntz, inflicted a significant defeat on the Royalists under the personal command of King Charles I, inflicting heavy losses and preventing Charles from relieving the siege of Chester.
1645
Siege of Bristol (1645)
The second siege of Bristol of the First English Civil War lasted from 23 August 1645 until 10 September 1645, when the Royalist commander Prince Rupert surrendered the city that he had captured from the Parliamentarians on 26 July 1643. The commander of the Parliamentarian New Model Army forces besieging Bristol was Lord Fairfax.
1646
Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold
The Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold took place near Stow-on-the-Wold in Gloucestershire during the First English Civil War. It was a Parliamentarian victory by detachments of the New Model Army over the last Royalist field army.
1646
Battle of Torrington
The Battle of Torrington was a decisive battle of the south-western campaign of the First English Civil War and marked the end of Royalist resistance in the West Country. It took place in Torrington, Devon.
1648
Battle of Preston (1648)
The battle of Preston was fought on 17 August 1648 during the Second English Civil War. A Parliamentarian army commanded by Lieutenant General Oliver Cromwell attacked a considerably larger force of Royalists under James Hamilton, Duke of Hamilton, near the Lancashire town of Preston; the Royalists were defeated with heavy losses.
1648
معركة سانت فاغنز
معركة سانت فاغنز، معركة مرتبة ضمن الحرب الأهلية الإنجليزية الثانية في العام 1648. إذ هزمت كتيبةٌ تابعة للجيش النموذجي الجديد جيشاَ تابعاً للجنود الموالين للبرلمان سابقاً، والذين تمرّدوا عليه وراحوا يحاربونه بعد ذلك.
1648
حصار كولشيستر
وقع حصار كولشيستر في صيف عام 1648 عندما اشتعلت الحرب الأهلية الإنجليزية في عدة مناطق من بريطانيا. وجدت كولشيستر نفسها في خضم الاضطرابات عندما هاجم اللورد الجنرال توماس فيرفاكس على رأس قوة برلمانية جيشاً ملكياً كان يعبر منطقة إيست أنجليا دعماً للملك. أجبر هجوم البرلمانيين الأولي الجيش الملكي على التراجع خلف أسوار المدينة، لكنهم لم يتمكنوا من تحقيق النصر، فانتهى بهم الأمر في حصار. على الرغم من أهوال الحصار، قاوم الملكيون لمدة أحد عشر أسبوعًا ولم يستسلموا إلا بعد هزيمة الجيش الملكي في شمال إنجلترا في معركة بريستون (1648).
1648
Battle of Maidstone
The Battle of Maidstone was fought in the Second English Civil War and was a victory for the attacking Parliamentarian troops over the defending Royalist forces.
1648
Battle of Winwick
The Battle of Winwick was fought on 19 August 1648 near the Lancashire village of Winwick between part of a Royalist army under Lieutenant General William Baillie and a Parliamentarian army commanded by Lieutenant General Oliver Cromwell. The Royalists were defeated with all of those who took part in the fighting, their army's entire infantry force, either killed or captured. The Royalist mounted component fled but surrendered five days after the battle. Winwick was the last battle of the Second English Civil War.
1650
معركة دنبار (1650)
معركة دنبار معركة وقعت في 3 سبتمبر 1650 قرب دنبار في إسكتلندا، بين الجيش النموذجي الجديد الإنگليزي بقيادة أوليفر كرومويل وجيش إسكتلندي بقيادة ديفيد ليزلي. حقَّق الإنگليز فيها انتصارًا حاسمًا، وكانت أول معركة كبرى في الغزو الإنگليزي لإسكتلندا عام 1650.
1651
معركة وورسيستر
معركة ورسيستر هي معركة وقعت في 3 سبتمبر 1651م في ورسستر بإنجلترا، وكانت المعركة الأخيرة في الحرب الأهلية الإنجليزية. هزم الجيش النموذجي الجديد بقيادة أوليفر كرومويل، البالغ قوامه 28000 جندي، جيشَ الملك تشارلز الثاني البالغ 16000 فارس كانت الغالبية العظمى منهم من الأسكتلنديين.
1651
معركة إنفيركيثينج
اندلعت معركة إنفيركيثينج في 20 يوليو 1651، بين جيش إنجليزي بقيادة جون لامبرت وجيش اسكتلندي بقيادة جيمس هولبورن كجزء من الغزو الإنجليزي لاسكتلندا. دارت المعركة بالقرب من شبه جزيرة فيري، جنوب إنفيركيثينج، وبعد ذلك سميت بمعركة إنفيركيثينج.
1651
Battle of Wigan Lane
The Battle of Wigan Lane was fought on 25 August 1651 during the Third English Civil War, between a Royalist army led by the Earl of Derby and forces loyal to the Commonwealth of England under Colonel Robert Lilburne. The Royalists were defeated, losing nearly half their officers and men.
أحداث قبلها وبعدها في المنطقة
- 1215الوثيقة العظمى
- 1415معركة أجينكور
- 1455 – 1487حرب الوردتين
- 1642 – 1651الحرب الأهلية الإنجليزيةهذه الصفحة
- 1687الأصول الرياضية للفلسفة الطبيعية
- 1688 – 1689الثورة المجيدة
- 1776محرك واط البخاري
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