الحرب الفرنسية البروسية
- الفترة
- يوليو 1870 – يناير 1871
- الأطراف
- فرنسا vs بروسيا والولايات الألمانية
- المعارك
- 49
الحرب الفرنسية الألمانية أو الحرب الفرنسية البروسية، ويشار لها أحياناً باسم الحرب السبعينية كانت صراعًا مسلحًا نشب بين الإمبراطورية الفرنسية الثانية بقيادة نابليون الثالث والولايات الألمانية للاتحاد الألماني الشمالي بقيادة مملكة بروسيا. سبب الحرب كان طموح بروسيا بتوحيد الأمصار الألمانية وخوف فرنسا من تغير موازين القوى الأوربية إذا نجحت بروسيا في مسعاها. بعض المؤرخين يقولون أن المستشار البروسي أوتو فون بسمارك أثار عمدا هجوم فرنسي من أجل جذب الولايات الألمانية الجنوبية المستقلة دوقية بادن الكبرى ومملكة فورتمبيرغ ومملكة بافاريا ودوقية هسن الكبرى إلى تحالف مع الاتحاد الألماني الشمالي الذي تسيطر عليه بروسيا، بينما يقول آخرون أن بسمارك لم يخطط لذلك وأنه استغل وحسب الظروف التي حدثت.
المصادر: ويكيبيديا — الحرب الفرنسية البروسية · CC BY-SA 4.0
المعارك 49
أغسطس 1870
معركة جرافيلوت
كانت معركة جرافيلوت أو معركة جرافيلوت – سانت بريفات في 18 أغسطس 1870 أكبر معركة في الحرب الفرنسية البروسية. سميت على اسم قرية جرافيلوت في لورين، وقد دارت رحاها على بعد حوالي 6 ميل (9.7 كـم) غرب ميتز، حيث اعترض البروسيون في اليوم السابق انسحاب الجيش الفرنسي إلى الغرب في معركة مارس لا تور، وكانوا يقتربون الآن لاستكمال تدمير القوات الفرنسية.
أغسطس 1870 – أكتوبر 1870
حصار متز (1870)
حصار متز هو عملية عسكرية جرت في 19 أغسطس الى 27 أكتوبر عام 1870م خلال الحرب الفرنسية البروسية، حيث حاصرت القوات الألمانية بقيادة بروسيا مدينة متز الفرنسية، التي كانت تحتوي على جيش فرنسي كامل بقيادة المارشال فرانسوا أشيل بازين.
أغسطس 1870
Battle of Mars-la-Tour
The Battle of Mars-la-Tour was fought on 16 August 1870, during the Franco-Prussian War, near the village of Mars-la-Tour in northeast France. One Prussian corps, reinforced by two more later in the day, encountered the entire French Army of the Rhine in a meeting engagement and, following the course of battle, the Army of the Rhine retreated toward the fortress of Metz.
أغسطس 1870 – سبتمبر 1870
Siege of Strasbourg
The siege of Strasbourg took place during the Franco-Prussian War, and resulted in the French surrender of the fortress on 28 September 1870.
أغسطس 1870
Battle of Wissembourg (1870)
The Battle of Wissembourg or Battle of Weissenburg, the first of the Franco-Prussian War, was joined when three German army corps surprised the small French garrison at Wissembourg on 4 August 1870. The defenders, greatly outnumbered, fought stubbornly "especially considering they were surprised and greatly outnumbered, that the French sustained their old renown as fighting men and that the first defeat, although severe, reflected no discredit on the soldiers of the 1st Corps." The fall of Wissembourg allowed the Prussian army to move into France and compelled Marshal Patrice MacMahon to give battle, and suffer defeat, at the Battle of Wörth on 6 August.
أغسطس 1870
Battle of Spicheren
The Battle of Spicheren was fought on 6 August 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War. German forces won a victory compelled the French to withdraw to the defenses of Metz. The battle was the second of three critical French defeats. General Helmuth von Moltke the Elder had originally planned to keep François Achille Bazaine's army around the Saar until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on its left flank, while the 3rd Army closed towards the rear. The aging General Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz made an overzealous, unplanned move, leading the 1st Army south from his position on the Moselle. He moved straight toward the town of Spicheren, cutting off Prince Frederick Charles from his forward cavalry units in the process.
أغسطس 1870
Battle of Wörth
The Battle of Wörth, also known as the Battle of Reichshoffen or as the Battle of Frœschwiller, refers to the second battle of Wörth, which took place on 6 August 1870 in the opening stages of the Franco-Prussian War. In the second battle, troops from Germany commanded by Crown Prince Frederick William and directed by his chief of staff, General Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal, defeated the French under Marshal MacMahon near the village of Wœrth in Alsace, on the Sauer River, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of Haguenau.
أغسطس 1870
Battle of Beaumont
The Battle of Beaumont on 30 August 1870 was won by Prussia during the Franco-Prussian War.
أغسطس 1870
معركة نويسفيل
وقعت معركة نويسفيل في 31 أغسطس 1870 خلال الحرب الفرنسية البروسية وانتهت بانتصار بروسي.
أغسطس 1870
Battle of Borny–Colombey
The Battle of Borny–Colombey or the Battle of Colombey-Nouilly took place on 14 August 1870 as part of the Franco-Prussian War. During the battle the escape route of the French army under François Bazaine was blocked when the French encountered the First Army under von Steinmetz. The outcome of the battle itself was a French victory as the French were able to escape to Metz, although they were delayed for 12 hours.
أغسطس 1870 – سبتمبر 1870
Battle of Bazeilles
The Battle of Bazeilles was fought on 1 September 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War as a portion of the larger Battle of Sedan and was one of the first battles to feature modern urban warfare tactics. It took place in Bazeilles, France, a small village in the department of Ardennes near Sedan, and involved a force of Bavarian soldiers battling against French marines and partisans.
أغسطس 1870 – سبتمبر 1870
Siege of Toul
The siege of Toul was the siege of the fortified French town of Toul from 16 August to 23 September 1870 by Prussian, Bavarian and Württemberg forces during the Franco-Prussian War. Toul controlled a railway line leading to Germany and it was vital for the Germans to secure it to resupply and reinforce their armies in northern France.
أغسطس 1870
Battle of Saarbrücken
The Battle of Saarbrücken was the first major engagement between the French Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia during the Franco-Prussian War. The battle took place on 2 August 1870, around the city of Saarbrücken.
أغسطس 1870
Battle of Nouart
The Battle of Nouart was fought on 29 August 1870 at the village of Nouart. Part of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, the battle saw Prince George's 46th Infantry Brigade of the XII Royal Saxony Corps defeat Pierre Louis Charles de Failly's V Corps of the French Empire.
أغسطس 1870 – ديسمبر 1870
Siege of Phalsbourg
The siege of Phalsbourg was an early battle of the Franco-Prussian War that was fought between the French Empire against Germany at Phalsbourg near the Vosges beginning on 10 August 1870, and ending on 12 December of the same year.
أغسطس 1870 – نوفمبر 1870
Siege of Thionville (1870)
The siege of Thionville took place within the Franco-Prussian War. It occurred in Thionville of the Moselle from 13 to 24 November 1870. The small French garrison repulsed an attempted attack on 14 August. The garrison was subjected to a blockade and then besieged from 13 November. After the capitulation of Metz, on 28 October 1870, the Prussians moved part of their powerful artillery to Thionville. Bombed from 22 November, the square surrendered on 24 November. The capture of Thionville and that of Montmédy a month later gave the Germans control of the railway to the Picardy front.
أغسطس 1870 – مارس 1871
Siege of Bitche
The siege of Bitche was a battle during the Franco-Prussian War initially caused by the German forces on August 8, 1870, to March 26, 1871, where the two nations would sign an armistice. The siege was considered a brave siege under the command of governor Louis-Casimir Teyssier, and of the chief of the troops of the place: Geniès-Hippolyte Bousquet who both would be appointed lieutenant-colonels during the siege.
أغسطس 1870
Siege of Lichtenberg
The siege of Lichtenberg was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War that took place on August 9 to 10 in 1870 at Lichtenberg Castle between the French and the German troops. After a brief but fierce shelling a German force under the command of Generalmajor Hermann Freiherr von Hügel, part of the Württemberg Division and the Third Army forced the surrender of the French garrison of Lichtenberg under the command of Second Lieutenant Archer. In addition to Lichtenberg, in a single period in August 1870, the German army also defeated the French fortresses of La Petite-Pierre, Marsal and Vitry-le-François.
أغسطس 1870
Battle of Buzancy
Battle of Buzancy was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War which took place on 27 August 1870 in Buzancy, France between the French Empire and the combined German forces of Prussia and Saxony. The midfield force of the 24th Brigade of a division Saxon cavalry of the Maas Army of the Prussian army won a victory over the Cavalry Regiment. 12th Chasseur light infantry of the V Army of the French Empire under the command of General Pierre Louis Charles de Failly. Taken by surprise in this cavalry battle, the French formation was torn apart and almost completely annihilated. On the Prussian - German side, the captains of the two cavalry squadrons involved in the battle were wounded. The defeat at Buzancy forced the retreat of the French cavalry squadrons, and the Battle of Buzancy is arguably the most characteristic cavalry and artillery clash of the war.
سبتمبر 1870
معركة سيدان
معركة سيدان معركة وقعت خلال الحرب الفرنسية البروسية بين الجيش البروسي والجيش الفرنسي في 1 سبتمبر 1870. أسفرت عن إلقاء القبض على الإمبراطور نابليون الثالث. كان الألمان دحروا الفرنسيين بعدة معارك فرعية صغيرة. وكانت هذه المعركة الحد الفاصل، فقد خطط بسمارك لهذه الحرب مع أركان جيشه وعلى رأسهم هيلموت فون مولتكه منذ هزيمتهم للنمسا، بينما اعتمد الفرنسيون على أمجادهم وسمعة جيشهم. وكان (مولتكه) قد قسم قواته إلى ثلاثة جيوش لتتقدم في ثلاثة محاور وتلتقي في باريس. واستخدم الألمان المخترعات الحديثة في الحرب. فالسكك الحديدية لنقل الجنود، والأسلاك البرقية لإصدار الأوامر، ووضعوا المؤن والذخيرة في كل قرية باتجاه الحدود. اتجه الجيش الفرنسي بقيادة المارشال باتريس ماكماهون ويرافقه الإمبراطور نابليون الثالث في مهمة رفع الحصار عن متز، وارتكب القائد الفرنسي ماكماهون عدة أخطاء عسكرية، كبدت جيشه خسائر فادحة، اضطرته للتراجع إلى سيدان، وهناك استطاع (مولتكه) أن يحاصر القوات الفرنسية ويسلط عليها مدافعه. ولم يستسلم الفرنسيون بسهولة، بل اشتدت المعارك وتساقط القتلى من الطرفين.
سبتمبر 1870 – يناير 1871
حصار باريس
حصار باريس ، والذي استمر من 19 سبتمبر ، 1870 -- 28 يناير ، 1871، والناجم عن هزيمة فرنسا في الحرب الفرنسية البروسية وأدى إلى إنشاء الإمبراطورية الألمانية.
سبتمبر 1870
Battle of Chevilly
The battle of Chevilly was fought during the siege of Paris. The battle was the second French sortie from Paris against the German armies. On 30 September 1870 General Joseph Vinoy attacked the Prussian VI Corps at Chevilly and was easily repulsed.
سبتمبر 1870 – ديسمبر 1870
Siege of Montmédy
The siege of Montmédy was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War at the small commune of Montmédy, in the Meuse, it was besieged by the army of the German coalition. Defended by the 57th Line Infantry Regiment, the Garde Mobile and elements of other units, it surrendered on December 14, 1870.
سبتمبر 1870 – أكتوبر 1870
Siege of Soissons
The Siege of Soissons was a military engagement during the Franco-Prussian War, ending with the capitulation of Soissons.
أكتوبر 1870
Battle of Bellevue
The Battle of Bellevue on 7 October 1870 was fought during the Franco-Prussian War and ended in a Prussian victory.
أكتوبر 1870
Battle of Le Bourget
The First battle of Le Bourget was part of the siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War, fought between 27 and 30 October 1870.
أكتوبر 1870
Battle of Châtillon
The battle of Châtillon, also known as the battle of Châtillon-sous-Bagneux, was a skirmish in the siege of Paris between France and North German Confederation in the Franco-Prussian War, took place on 13 October 1870. This is also considered the first battle in the history of the French Third Republic. In this fierce battle – occurred at Châtillon and Sceaux, Corps V of the Prussian army under the command of Lieutenant General Infantry Hugo von Kirchbach, along with the II Corps of the Kingdom of Bavaria by the Supreme Minister infantry Jakob von Hartmann which were the forces of the army Group 3 of Prussia by Prince Friedrich Wilhelm as General command., won a victory against an attack by the XIV Corps under General Renault - of the French army under General Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot. Although some soldiers under Ducrot fought well, the majority of his army became agitated. The French were forced to flee to Paris, losing the Châtillon Plateau - a very favorable defensive position overlooking the fortresses south of Paris - to the Germans. This was a disaster for the "justice" of the French army during the war, although the French reported that they suffered only minor losses.
أكتوبر 1870 – يناير 1871
معركة ديجون
معركة ديجون خيضت في سياق الحرب الفرنسية البروسية وفيها تقاتلت القوات الجمهورية الفرنسية الثالثة وقوات مملكة بروسيا من أجل السيطرة على مدينة ديجون.
أكتوبر 1870
Battle of Buzenval (1870)
The (First) Battle of Buzenval took place on 21 October 1870 during the siege of Paris in the Franco-Prussian War. Following the collapse of the French field armies and the encirclement of Paris, Governor Louis-Jules Trochu authorised a limited sortie to test Prussian positions west of the capital. General Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot, commanding the French 14th Army Corps, was tasked with probing the sector around Rueil, the Château of Malmaison, the hamlets of La Jonchère and Buzenval, held by elements of the Prussian V Corps, parts of the IV Corps and detachments of the Guard Corps. the hamlets of Malmaison, la Jonchère, and the château of Buzenval.
أكتوبر 1870
Battle of Châteaudun
The Battle of Châteaudun took place in northwestern France during the Franco-Prussian War on 18 October 1870. In this battle, the Imperial German Army led by General Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig von Wittich attacked the city of Châteaudun and captured the city. During the nine-hour battle the attackers defeated forces that included Francs-tireurs led by Ernest de Lipowski who was of Polish origin. Although it ended in defeat, the resistance of the French army at Châteaudun is recorded by one document as legendary. The fighting at Châteaudun was immortalized by a painting by Philippoteaux.
نوفمبر 1870
Battle of Amiens (1870)
The Battle of Amiens, also known as the Battle of Villers-Bretonneux, was fought on 27 November 1870 between French and Prussian forces during the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871). It ended in a Prussian victory, forcing the French to retreat and allowing the Prussians to capture Amiens, France.
نوفمبر 1870
Battle of Beaune-la-Rolande
The Battle of Beaune-la-Rolande on 28 November 1870 took place during the Franco-Prussian War, which was won by Prussia. In an attempt to relieve the Siege of Paris, French General Crouzat's XX Corps launched an attack against three Prussian brigades resting in Beaune-la-Rolande. These brigades were from the Prussian X Corps which was detailed to guard the flanks and rear of the force besieging Paris and provide early warning of any French counter-attacks. The French committed a force of 60,000 men, largely conscripts of the Garde Mobile, and 140 guns against the Prussians' 9,000 men and 70 guns, mostly drawn from regular troops, although military historian Gaston Bodart estimated their strength at 40,000 men and 174 guns. Despite the superiority of numbers the French attack failed to take the village and was ultimately forced to retreat by Prussian reinforcements.
نوفمبر 1870
Battle of Coulmiers
The Battle of Coulmiers was fought on 9 November 1870 between French and Bavarian forces during the Franco-Prussian War, ending in French victory.
نوفمبر 1870 – فبراير 1871
Siege of Belfort
The siege of Belfort was a 103-day military assault and blockade of the city of Belfort, France by Prussian forces during the Franco-Prussian War. The French garrison held out until the January 1871 armistice between France and the German Empire obligated French forces to abandon the stronghold in February 1871.
نوفمبر 1870 – ديسمبر 1870
Battle of Villiers
The Battle of Villiers, also called the Battle of Champigny, was the largest of the French sorties from besieged Paris during the Franco-Prussian War.
نوفمبر 1870
Siege of La Fère
The Siege of La Fère took place during the Franco-Prussian War from 15 November until 26 November 1870, at the fortress of La Fère in France. French troops stationed at La Fère under the command of Captain Jacques Ferdinand Planche resisted the siege from the Imperial German Army, but surrendered the fort after eleven days on 26 November 1870, which resulted in a German victory. During the siege, the German army captured thousands of prisoners, most of whom were Garde Mobile soldiers, and took control of many French weapons. The German shelling of La Fère took place over the course of two days and severely damaged the town. After the Germans captured La Fère, they used cannons to arm the stronghold of Amiens.
ديسمبر 1870
Battle of Orléans (December 1870)
The Second Battle of Orléans of Battle of Vaumainbert was fought during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. It took place on December 3 and 4, 1870 and was part of the Loire Campaign. The Germans recaptured Orléans, which had been retaken by the French on November 11, 1870 after the Battle of Coulmiers, and divided the French Army of the Loire in two. Future king of Serbia, Peter, took part in the battle on the French side. The French lost 20,000 men in two days of combat, including 18,000 captured or missing, as well as 74 guns and four gunboats. German manpower losses amounted to 2,000, of which 400 killed and 1,600 wounded. The Germans lost 368 horses, including 175 killed, 183 wounded and 10 missing.
ديسمبر 1870
Battle of Loigny–Poupry
The Battle of Loigny–Lumeau-Poupry was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War. It took place on 2 December 1870 during the Loire Campaign on a frontline between Loigny, Lumeau and Poupry. During the battle, the Royal Bavarian 10th Infantry Regiment, "King Ludwig" had to evade the attacking French. During operations following the recapture of Orléans in early December 1870, German forces secured their flanks while preparing for renewed fighting along the Loire, culminating in the Battle of Beaugency on 8–9 December.
ديسمبر 1870
Battle of Hallue
The Battle of Hallue was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War on 23 and 24 December 1870.
ديسمبر 1870
Battle of Beaugency (1870)
The Battle of Beaugency took place during the Franco-Prussian War between the army group of the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg, and the French Armée de la Loire, won by the Prussians. It lasted from 8 to 10 December 1870 and occurred on the left bank of the river Loire to the northwest of the town of Beaugency. Due to the large area over which it was fought, it is also known as the Battle of Beaugency-Cravant or the Battle of Villorceau-Josnes.
ديسمبر 1870 – يناير 1871
Siege of Péronne
The siege of Peronne was a battle during the Franco-Prussian War, from December 26, 1870 until January 9, 1871, in Péronne, Somme of France. The German siege force, under the command of Lieutenant Generals August von Goeben and Albert von Barnekow, forced the French army at Péronne- which could not be rescued and had to surrender after more than a week under the bombardment of the Prussian army. With the victory, the armies of Albert von Barnekow captured a defending force of thousands of French soldiers in Peronne, and obtained a large number of cannons and war materials to the Prussians hands. In general, the advantage of the artillery of the Prussians as well as the dynamism of German officers is credited with leading to German victories in the sieges of French fortresses, and the success at the Siege of Péronne solidified German control over the river Somme.
ديسمبر 1870
Battle of Chateauneuf
The Battle of Châteauneuf was a battle in the Franco-Prussian War that took place on 3 December 1870 at the Châteauneuf, Côte-d'Or, France. During this engagement, the 3rd Infantry Brigade of the Prussian army, which was a part of the Baden Division and was under the command of General Keller repelled an ambush of the French army under the command of General Camille Crémer. The battle facilitated the Prussian army to continue its withdrawal from Autun. The battle lasted for seven hours, and brought the Prussian army negligible losses, with 153 casualties. However, the Germans viewed this engagement as one of their most glorious victories of the campaign.
يناير 1871
معركة سانت كوينتين (1871)
وقعت معركة سانت كوينتين خلال الحرب الفرنسية البروسية التي هزمت فيها القوات البروسية محاولات فرنسية لتخفيف المدينة المحاصرة في باريس.
يناير 1871
Battle of Le Mans
The Battle of Le Mans was a German victory during the Franco-Prussian War that ended French resistance in western France.
يناير 1871
Battle of the Lisaine
The Battle of the Lisaine, also known as the Battle of Héricourt, was fought from 15 January to 17 January 1871 between German and French forces. The French were led by Charles Denis Bourbaki, and were attempting to relieve the Siege of Belfort. The Germans prepared XIV Corps (Baden) and several other divisions, some 40,000–45,000 men, to halt the French advance of about 110,000 men. The Germans had their outer posts overran quite swiftly but the Prussians forced back and counterattacked the French forces, breaking the morale of French troops and leaving them to either die or retreat. In the end their efforts failed, and they were forced to flee into Switzerland where they were all interned soon after.
يناير 1871
Battle of Bapaume (1871)
The Battle of Bapaume took place during the Franco-Prussian War, brought about by French attempts to relieve the besieged city of Péronne, Somme. The battle was fought on 3 January 1871 near the town of Bapaume.
يناير 1871
معركة فيلرسيكسيل
معركة فيلرسيكسيل هي معركة دارت في 9 يناير 1871 ضمن الحرب الفرنسية البروسية بين قوات جيش الشرق الفرنسي بقيادة الجنرال شارل دينيس بورباكي، وقوات ألمانية بقيادة الجنرال البروسي أوجوست فون فيردر. وقد انتهت المعركة بانتصار فرنسي.
يناير 1871
Battle of Buzenval (1871)
The (Second) Battle of Buzenval, also known as the Battle of Mont Valérien, was part of the siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War. On 19 January 1871, the day after Wilhelm I was proclaimed German Emperor, Louis Jules Trochu attacked the Germans west of Paris in Buzenval Park. The attackers seized the town of Saint-Cloud, coming close to the new Emperor's headquarters at Versailles. Trochu was able to maintain his position at St Cloud for most of the day, but the failure of other French forces to hold their positions left him isolated and the Crown Prince's army was able to force Trochu's salient back into Paris by the next day. This was the last effort to break out of Paris. Trochu turned over command of the Paris defenses to Joseph Vinoy who negotiated the surrender of the city ten days later.
يناير 1871 – فبراير 1871
Battle of Pontarlier
The Battle of Pontarlier, also known as the Battle of Pontarlier-La Cluse, was the final military operation of the Franco-Prussian War, that took place from 29 January to 2 February 1871, near Pontarlier and La Cluse-et-Mijoux, not long after the newly formed German Empire and French Republic had a ceasefire. During these engagements, the German Army of the South, under the command of Lieutenant General Edwin von Manteuffel won over the French Eastern Army under the command of General Justin Clinchant, the battle forced the French Eastern Army to withdraw to neutral Switzerland. The strong efforts of the German armies led by General August von Werder in The previous Battle of the Lisaine, as well as that of General Von Manteuffel's armies at the Battle of Pontarlier, resulted in the collapse of the assault on southern Germany which the Eastern Army had expected to be ruined. At the same time, the defeat of the Eastern Army finally forced the French Interior Minister Léon Gambetta to end resistance to the Germans. The defeat at Pontarlier also brought the French heavy losses, including a large number of soldiers being taken prisoner.
أحداث قبلها وبعدها في المنطقة
- 1848الثورة الفرنسية 1848
- 1848بيان الحزب الشيوعي
- 1859أصل الأنواع
- يوليو 1870 – يناير 1871الحرب الفرنسية البروسيةهذه الصفحة
- 1871توحيد ألمانيا (1871)
- 1886اتفاقية برن لحماية المصنفات الأدبية والفنية
- 1914معركة المرن الأولى
من حكم هذه الأرض
الدول التي كان هذا المكان تابعًا لها وفق بيانات الحدود التاريخية (Cliopatria). السنوات تقريبية بحسب فواصل البيانات (من بضع سنوات إلى قرن). اضغط لفتح خريطة تلك السنة.
عرض 14 أخرى
- 50 ق.مالجمهورية الرومانية
- 1 – 250الإمبراطورية الرومانية
- 275إمبراطورية الغال
- 300 – 375الإمبراطورية الرومانية
- 400 – 450الإمبراطورية الرومانية الغربية
- 475 – 825مملكة الفرنجة
- 850لوثارينجيا
- 875مملكة الفرنجة الغربية
- 900مملكة الفرنجة الشرقية
- 925مملكة الفرنجة الغربية
- 950مملكة ألمانيا
- 975 – 1640الإمبراطورية الرومانية المقدسة
- 1650 – 1790مملكة فرنسا
- 1800حكومة القناصل الفرنسية 1799–1804
- 1805 – 1810الإمبراطورية الفرنسية الأولى
- 1815 – 1845استعراش آل بوربون
- 1850الجمهورية الفرنسية الثانية
- 1855 – 1865الإمبراطورية الفرنسية الثانية
- 1870الاتحاد الألماني الشماليهذه الصفحة
- 1875 – 1914الجمهورية الفرنسية الثالثة
- 1916 – 1918الإمبراطورية الألمانية
- 1920 – 1938الجمهورية الفرنسية الثالثة
- 1940 – 1944ألمانيا النازية