حرب السنوات السبع
- الفترة
- 1756 – 1763
- الأطراف
- بريطانيا العظمى وبروسيا vs فرنسا والنمسا وروسيا
- المعارك
- 94
حرب السنوات السبع حدثت من عام 1756 إلى عام 1763، والتي استمرت لمدة 6 سنوات، وهي حربا عالمية خاضتها العديد من القوى العالمية، في أوروبا بشكل رئيسي، مع حملات فرعية مهمة في أمريكا الشمالية وشبه القارة الهندية. وكانت الدول المتحاربة الرئيسية هي بريطانيا العظمى وبروسيا اللتان قاتلتا ضد فرنسا والنمسا، مع انضمام دول أخرى إلى هذه التحالفات: البرتغال، وإسبانيا، والسويد، وروسيا، بالإضافة إلى سكسونيا والعديد من الدويلات الصغرى التابعة لـ الإمبراطورية الرومانية المقدسة. وشملت الصراعات المرتبطة بها الحرب السيليزية الثالثة، والحرب الفرنسية والهندية، وحروب كارناتيك، والحرب الإسبانية الإنجليزية (1762–1763)، والحرب الإسبانية البرتغالية. على الرغم من أن حرب الخلافة النمساوية انتهت بـ معاهدة إكس لا شابيل، إلا أن أيا من الموقعين لم يكن راضيا عن الشروط، ونُظر إليها عموما على أنها هدنة مؤقتة. وقد أدت إلى إعادة اصطفاف استراتيجي عُرف باسم الثورة الدبلوماسية أنهى التنافس الطويل الأمد بين النمسا وفرنسا. وأعلنت الدولتان الحرب على بريطانيا بعد توقيعهما معاهدة فرساي عام 1756، وأدت اتفاقية ثانية في عام 1757 إلى دخول بروسيا الحرب إلى جانب بريطانيا.
المصادر: ويكيبيديا — حرب السنوات السبع · CC BY-SA 4.0
المعارك 94
1756
Battle of Lobositz
The Battle of Lobositz or Lovosice also Lowositz on 1 October 1756 was the opening land battle of the Third Silesian War and the wider Seven Years' War. Frederick the Great's 28,000 Prussians were prevented by 33,000 Austrians under Maximilian Ulysses Count von Browne from continuing their invasion into the rich Bohemian plain, forcing Frederick to ultimately fall back north into Saxony for the winter.
1756
Battle of Minorca (1756)
The Battle of Minorca was a fleet action fought on 20 May 1756 between the French and British navies during the Seven Years' War. Fought off Minorca shortly after the war began, it was the opening naval battle of the war's European theatre and resulted in a French strategic victory. The decision by the British fleet's commander, Admiral of the Blue John Byng, to withdraw to Gibraltar led directly to the fall of Minorca. Byng's failure to save Minorca led to a controversial court-martial which resulted in his execution for "failure to do his utmost" to relieve the siege of the British garrison on Minorca.
1756
Siege of Pirna
The Siege of Pirna, sometimes referred to as the Investment of Pirna, took place from 10 September to 14 October 1756 as part of the Prussian invasion of Saxony during the Third Silesian War.
1756
معركة حصن أوسويغو
معركة حصن أوسويغو هي مواجهة عسكرية وقعت في أغسطس 1756 خلال الحرب الفرنسية والهندية، وهي جزء من حرب السنوات السبع في أمريكا الشمالية. شنّت القوات الفرنسية بقيادة لويس جوزيف دي مونتكالم هجومًا على التحصينات البريطانية عند حصن أوسويغو، ونجحت بعد عدة أيام من القتال في إجبار حاميتها على الاستسلام. وأعقب ذلك استيلاء الفرنسيين على الحصن واحتلال الموقع، في واحدة من العمليات الفرنسية الناجحة خلال المراحل الأولى من الحرب.
1756
Battle of Fort Bull
The Battle of Fort Bull was a French attack on the British-held Fort Bull on 27 March 1756, early in the French and Indian War. The fort was built to defend a portion of the waterway connecting Albany, New York to Lake Ontario via the Mohawk River.
1756
حصار حصن سانت فيلب (1756)
حصار حصن سانت فيلب أو حصار ميورقة هو حصار فرضه الفرنسيون على حامية حصن سانت فيلب البريطانية في جزيرة ميورقة عام 1756 وذلك خلال حرب السنوات السبع. استمر الحصار خلال الفترة من أبريل حتى 29 يونيو 1756 لينتهى باستسلام الحامية واستيلاء الفرنسيون على الجزيرة.
1756
حصار كلكتا
حصار كلكتا هو حصار عسكري وقع في 20 يونيو 1756، عندما هاجمت قوات نواب البنغال سراج الدولة مدينة كلكتا الخاضعة لسيطرة شركة الهند الشرقية البريطانية. جاء الهجوم في إطار تصاعد الخلاف بين سراج الدولة وشركة الهند الشرقية، ولا سيما بسبب قيامها بتعزيز تحصينات حصن وليم دون موافقته. تمكنت قوات سراج الدولة من التغلب على المدافعين عن المدينة والسيطرة على كلكتا، محققةً بذلك انتصارًا لصالح بنجال صوباه.
1757
معركة بلاسي
كانت معركة بلاسي نصرًا ساحقًا لشركة الهند الشرقية البريطانية على نواب البنغال وحلفائه الفرنسيين في 23 يونيو 1757، بقيادة روبيرت كلايف، تحقق النصر بفعل ارتداد مير جعفر علي خان، الذي كان قائد الأركان لسراج الدولة. ساعدت المعركة الشركة في السيطرة على البنغال. خلال المئة عام اللاحقة، سيطروا على شبه القارة الهندية بالكامل وعلى ميانمار وعلى أفغانستان لفترة وجيزة.
1757
معركة روسباخ
مَعْرَكة رَوسباَخ، دَارَتْ رَحَاها يَوم 5 نَوفَمبر 1757 أثناء الحَرب السيليزيا الثالثة بالقُرب منْ قَرية روسباخ ، في ناخبي ساكسونيا. في هذهِ المَعركة التي استَمرت 90 دقيقة، هزمَ فريدريك العظيم ، ملك بروسيا ، جيشَ الحُلفاء المُكون من قوات فرنسية مًُعززة بوحدة من الرايخسومي التابعه للإمبراطورية الرومانية المقدسة. ضمَ الجيش الفَرنسي والإمبراطوري 41110 رجلاً، مقابل الجَيش البروسي الأصغر حَجماً والمكون من 22000. على الرغم منَ الصعوبات الهائلة، استخدم فريدريك الحَركة السَريعة والمُناورة المرافقة والنظام المائل لتَحرك القوات من اجل تحقيق المفاجأة الكاملة في هجومه.
1757
معركة كولين
مَعركة كولين هي معركة نشبت بين الجيش البروسي بقيادة فريدريك الكبير والجيش النمساوي بقيادة الكونت فون داون قرب مدينة كولين في 18 يونيو 1757 خلال حرب السنوات السبع. مني الجيش البروسي بالهزيمة وفقد 14,000 من رجاله بين قتيل وجريح، كانت تلك الهزيمة أولى هزائم فريدريك في هذه الحرب. وأجبرته على التخلي عن زحفه إلى فيينا، ورفع حصاره عن براغ.
1757
معركة ليوثن
دارت معركة ليوثن في 5 ديسمبر 1757 وضمت الجيش البروسي بقيادة فريدريك العظيم الذي استخدم المناورة الحربية والتضاريس ليلحق الهزيمة التامة بقوة نمساوية تفوق جيشه عددًا، والتي كانت بقيادة تشارلز أمير لورين والكونت ليوبولد جوزيف فون داون. أمّن النصر السيطرة البروسية على سيليزيا خلال الحرب السيليزية الثالثة، التي كانت جزءًا من حرب السنوات السبع.
1757
Battle of Štěrboholy
The Battle of Prague, also known as Battle of Štěrboholy, was fought on 6 May 1757, during the Third Silesian War and the broader Seven Years' War, between the Kingdom of Prussia and Habsburg Austria. Although Frederick the Great's army of 64,000 Prussians forced 60,000 Austrians to retreat, he lost 14,300 men and decided he was not strong enough to attack Prague.
1757
Siege of Fort William Henry
The siege of Fort William Henry was conducted by a French and Indian force led by Louis-Joseph de Montcalm against the British-held Fort William Henry. This fort, located at the southern end of Lake George, on the frontier between the British Province of New York and the French Province of Canada, was garrisoned by a poorly supported force of British regulars and provincial militia led by Lieutenant Colonel George Monro.
1757
Battle of Gross-Jägersdorf
The Battle of Gross Jägersdorf was a victory for the Russian force under Field Marshal Stepan Fyodorovich Apraksin over a smaller Prussian force commanded by Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt, during the Seven Years' War. This was the first battle in which Russia engaged during the Seven Years' War.
1757
Battle of Hastenbeck
The Battle of Hastenbeck was fought as part of the Invasion of Hanover during the Seven Years' War between the allied forces of Hanover, Hesse-Kassel and Brunswick, and the French. The allies were defeated by the French army near Hamelin in the Electorate of Hanover.
1757
Battle of Reichenberg
The Battle of Reichenberg took place during the Third Silesian War on 21 April 1757 near the town of Reichenberg in Bohemia.
1757
Battle of Breslau (1757)
The Battle of Breslau was fought on 22 November 1757 in Breslau during the Third Silesian War. A Prussian army of 28,000 men fought an Austrian army of 60,000 men. The Prussians held off the Austrian attack, losing 6,000 men to the Austrians' 5,000 men. But one day later the Prussians beat a retreat. Breslau's garrison surrendered on 25 November 1757.
1757
Siege of Prague
The Siege of Prague was an unsuccessful attempt by a Prussian army led by Frederick the Great to capture the Bohemian city of Prague during the Third Silesian War. It took place in May 1757 immediately after the Battle of Prague. Despite having won that battle, Frederick had lost 14,300 dead, and his severely depleted force was not strong enough to assault Prague. Instead Frederick decided to besiege the city, hoping to force it into submission through lack of supplies. 40,000 Austrian troops were trapped in the city, though they were themselves not strong enough to consider launching a sortie. Frederick attempted to gain intelligence from within Prague by sending the criminal Christian Andreas Käsebier several times into the besieged city.
1757
Battle of Moys
The Battle of Moys was fought on 7 September 1757 during the Third Silesian War. A Prussian Army of 13,000 men fought an Austrian army of double their size. The Prussians were defeated and their commander killed.
1757
Raid on Rochefort
The raid on Rochefort was a failed British amphibious assault which attempted to capture the French port of Rochefort in September 1757 during the Seven Years' War. The raid pioneered a new tactic of "descents" on the French coast, championed by William Pitt who had taken office a few months earlier. After a number of delays the expedition reached the French coast, capturing the offshore island of Île d'Aix. With the army commander Sir John Mordaunt refusing to attempt a landing, the British force sailed for home. The raid ended in failure, but it was followed by several similar operations in the subsequent years.
1757
Battle of Cap-Français
The Battle of Cap-Français was a naval engagement during the Seven Years' War fought between squadrons of the French and British navies outside the harbour of Cap-Français, Saint-Domingue on 21 October 1757.
1757
Battle of Chandannagar
The Battle of Chandannagar was a successful attack on the French Indies Company settlement of Chandernagore by a British force under the command of Robert Clive and Charles Watson on 23 March 1757 during the Seven Years' War and the Third Carnatic war. Chandernagore remained under military occupation by the British until the signing of the Treaty of Paris in 1763, which brought an end to the war.
1757
Battle of Sabbath Day Point
The Battle of Sabbath Day Point took place on 23 July 1757 just off the shore of Sabbath Day Point, Lake George, New York and ended in a French victory. The battle, pitched approximately 450 French and allied Indian forces under the leadership of Ensign de Corbiere of the Troupes de la Marine against 350 New Jersey Blues under the command of Colonel John Parker. Ensign de Corbiere, aware of Parker's plan, ambushed and surrounded Parker's forces as they approached the shore in bateaux. In the ensuing rout Parker lost approximately 250 men with nearly 160 men killed or drowned and the rest taken prisoner. The French reported only one man slightly wounded.
1758
Battle of Zorndorf
The Battle of Zorndorf, during the Seven Years' War, was fought on 25 August 1758 between Russian troops commanded by Count William Fermor and a Prussian army commanded by King Frederick the Great. The battle was tactically inconclusive, with both armies holding their ground and claiming victory. The site of the battle was the Prussian village of Zorndorf. During the battle, Frederick famously took a regimental standard and led an attack himself, rallying his troops.
1758
معركة هوخكريش
وقعت معركة هوخكريش في 14 أكتوبر 1758 خلال الحرب السيليزية الثالثة. بعد عدة أسابيع من المناورات فاجأ جيش نمساوي قوامه 80.000 بقيادة ليوبولد جوزيف فون دون الجيش البروسي المكون من 30.000 إلى 36.000 بقيادة فريدرش العظيم. طغى الجيش النمساوي على البروسيين وأجبرهم على التراجع.
1758
معركة كاريلون
دارت معركة كاريلون، والتي تُعرف أيضًا باسم معركة تيكونديروغا 1758، في 8 يوليو 1758، أثناء الحرب الفرنسية والهندية. دارت رحى المعركة بالقرب من حصن كاريلون على شاطئ بحيرة شامبلين في المنطقة الحدودية بين مستعمرة نيويورك البريطانية والمستعمرة الفرنسية لفرنسا الجديدة.
1758
Battle of Domstadtl
The Battle of Domstadtl was a battle between the Habsburg monarchy and the Kingdom of Prussia in the Moravian village of Domašov nad Bystřicí during the Third Silesian War on 30 June 1758, preceded by a minor clash at Guntramovice (Gundersdorf) on 28 June. Austrians under the command of Major General Ernst Gideon von Laudon and Major General Joseph von Siskovits attacked and destroyed a supply convoy bound for the Prussian army besieging Olomouc (Olmütz). The Austrian victory saved the city and the Prussian King Frederick the Great was forced to leave Moravia.
1758
حصار لويسبورغ (1758)
تعتبر معركة حصار لويسبورغ معركة محورية في حرب السبعة أيام في عام 1758 وانتهت بإنهاء العصر الاستعماري الفرنسي في منطقة كندا بالمحيط الأطلنطي وأدت مباشرة إلى فقدان مدينة كيبك في عام1759 وما تبقى من المستعمرة الفرنسية في أمريكا الشمالية في العام التالي.
1758
Battle of Fort Duquesne
The Battle of Fort Duquesne was a British assault on the French-controlled Fort Duquesne on 14 September 1758, during the French and Indian War. This force was out-maneuvered, surrounded, and largely destroyed by the French and their native allies led by François-Marie Le Marchand de Lignery.
1758
Battle of Krefeld
The Battle of Krefeld was fought at Krefeld near the Rhine on 23 June 1758 between a German army under Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel and a French army under Count Louis of Clermont during the Seven Years' War. As a result of this Ferdinand's victory, the British government eventually decided to reinforce him with 2,000 cavalry and 4,000 infantry from the island.
1758
Battle of Lutterberg (1758)
The Battle of Lutterberg took place on 10 October 1758 during the Seven Years' War between a French force of 42,000 commanded by Charles, Prince of Soubise and a much smaller Anglo-German force commanded by General Christoph Ludwig von Oberg.
1758
Siege of Olomouc
The Siege of Olomouc took place in 1758 when a Prussian army led by Frederick the Great besieged the Austrian city of Olmütz during the Prussian invasion of Moravia in the Third Silesian War. The attempt stalled as the besiegers faced stronger resistance than Frederick had expected. With a lack of supplies and the approach of an Austrian relief force following the Battle of Domstadtl, Frederick abandoned the siege and withdrew from Moravia.
1758
Battle of Tornow
The Battle of Tornow was fought between the forces of Prussia and Sweden on 26 September 1758 during the Seven Years' War, near modern-day Fürstenberg/Havel.
1758
Battle of Cuddalore (1758)
The Battle of Cuddalore took place on 29 April 1758 during the Seven Years' War near Cuddalore off the Carnatic coast of India, and was an indecisive battle between a British squadron under Vice-Admiral George Pocock and French squadron under Anne Antoine, Comte d'Aché. The British casualties were 29 killed and 89 wounded, while France lost 99 killed and 321 wounded. Although the battle itself was indecisive, the French fleet was able to achieve its primary objective of delivering the reinforcements that the defenders of Pondicherry were awaiting.
1758
معركة القديس كاست
كانت معركة القديس كاست اشتباكاً عسكرياً خلال حرب السنوات السبع على الساحلِ الفرنسيّ. جمعت بين القوات البَحريّة والبريّة البريطانية ضد قوات الدِفاع الساحلية الفرنسية. تم خوض المعركة في 11 سبتمبر 1758 ، وفاز بها الفرنسيون.
1758
Battle of Fort Frontenac
The Battle of Fort Frontenac took place on August 26–28, 1758 during the Seven Years' War between France and Great Britain. The location of the battle was Fort Frontenac, a French fort and trading post which is located at the site of present-day Kingston, Ontario, at the eastern end of Lake Ontario where it drains into the St. Lawrence River.
1758
Battle of Negapatam (1758)
The Battle of Nagapatam was an indecisive naval battle on 3 August 1758 during the Seven Years' War. A British squadron under Vice-Admiral George Pocock fought a French squadron under Comte d'Aché off the Carnatic coast of India near Negapatam in the second of three battles fought between the two admirals during the war. Both squadrons suffered heavy damage during the short but fierce engagement, with d'Ache's flagship Zodiaque catching fire and d'Ache himself severely wounded. He would spend the remainder of the year recovering in Mauritius.
1758
Battle of Fort Ligonier
The Battle of Fort Ligonier was a battle of the French and Indian War. On 12 October 1758, French and Indian forces directed from nearby Fort Duquesne were repulsed in an attack on the British outpost of Fort Ligonier, then still under construction.
1758
Battle of Rheinberg
The Battle of Rheinberg took place on 12 June 1758 in Rheinberg, Germany during the Seven Years' War. A French force under the command of Comte de Clermont and a German force under the command of the Duke of Brunswick fought a largely indecisive battle. It was a precursor to the more decisive Battle of Krefeld nine days later.
1758
Cherbourg raid
The Cherbourg raid took place from 7 to 16 August 1758 during the Seven Years' War, when a British force was landed on the coast of France by the Royal Navy to attack the town of Cherbourg as part of the British government's policy of "descents" on the French coast. Coming ashore west of the town, near Urville-Nacqueville, on 7 August, the British brushed aside the local defences, entered Cherbourg on 8 August, and spent about a week destroying the harbour works and fortifications, sacking the town and the surrounding parishes, before re-embarking without serious interference on 16 August. The raid caused heavy material loss to the town but had little effect on the wider war; the policy of descents was abandoned after the British disaster at the Battle of Saint Cast a month later.
1758 – 1759
Siege of Madras
Madras, held by the British, was besieged between December 1758 and February 1759 by French forces under the command of Comte de Lally during the Seven Years' War. The British garrison was able to hold out until it was relieved.
1758
Battle of Condore
The Battle of Condore took place near Masulipatam on 9 December 1758 during the Third Carnatic War, part of the Seven Years' War. An Anglo-Indian force under the command of Colonel Francis Forde attacked and defeated a similarly sized French force under the command of Hubert de Brienne, Comte de Conflans, capturing all their baggage and artillery. The victory allowed the British to lay siege to Masulipatam, which they stormed on 25 January 1759.
1759
معركة سهول أبراهام
كانت معركة سهول أبراهام، والمعروفة أيضًا باسم معركة كيبيك، معركة محورية في حرب السبع سنوات. خاض المعركة، التي بدأت في 13 سبتمبر 1759، الجيش البريطاني والبحرية الملكية ضد الجيش الفرنسي على هضبةٍ خارج أسوار مدينة كيبيك تمامًا على أرض كان يملكها في الأصل مزارع اسمه أبراهام مارتن، ومن هنا جاء اسم المعركة. شارك فيها أقل من 10,000 جندي إجمالًا، ولكنها كانت حاسمة للبت في الصراع بين فرنسا وبريطانيا حول مصير فرنسا الجديدة، فأثرت على التشكيل اللاحق لكندا.
1759
معركة كونيرسدورف
معركة كونيرسدورف هي معركة وقعت بين الجيشين الروسي والبروسي ضمن سلسلة العمليات العسكرية التي قام بها التحالف النمساوي الفرنسي الروسي ضد التحالف البريطاني البروسي في إطار حرب السنوات السبع. جرت المعركة في 12\أغسطس\1759 على بعد ستين ميلاً من العاصمة البروسية برلين, وتعتبر واحدة من أكبر معارك حرب السنوات السبع، حيث التقى جيش روسي مكون من 68 ألف جندي يقودهم الجنرال ألكسندر سالتيكوف بالجيش البروسي المكون من 48 ألف جندي تحت قيادة الملك البروسي فردريك العظيم، في الوقت الذي زحف فيه الروس إلى برلين لإنهاء الحرب، بينما كان فردريك قد بلغ أقصى درجات تحمله مع نفاد إمكانياته البشرية والمادية التي أنهكتها الحملات من ثلاث قوى عظمى من الشرق والجنوب والغرب، وكان يحاول يائساً الدفاع عن عاصمته، لكنه تكبد هزيمة ثقيلة بخسارته لعشرين ألفاً ما بين قتيل وأسير، وإضطر للهرب بعد إدراكه أن الإستمرار في القتال لا فائدة منه وتوسل قادته وضباطه إليه لينجو بنفسه، بعد أن أبدى شجاعة منقطعة النظير في القتال، حتى أن ثلاثة احصنة تحته اصيبت بطلقات نارية، وكاد هو نفسه أن يُقتل لولا أن علبة ذهبية كان يحتفظ بها في جيب الصدر أنقذته.
1759
Battle of Maxen
The Battle of Maxen was a battle at Maxen, in the Electorate of Saxony during the Third Silesian War. It resulted in surrender of a Prussian corps.
1759
معركة الكرادلة
معركة الكرادلة والمعروفة باسم معركة كويبيرون باي من قبل البريطانيين، هي معركة بحرية بين الأساطيل الفرنسية والبريطانية، خلال حرب السنوات السبع. وقد وقعت يوم 20 نوفمبر 1759 والذي في مثلث يتكون من سبعة أميال بحرية من جزر هدك ودمت ورأس كروسيك، على سواحل بريتاني.
1759
Battle of Bergen (1759)
The Battle of Bergen on 13 April 1759 saw the French army under de Broglie withstand an allied British, Hanoverian, Hessian, Brunswick army under Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick near Frankfurt-am-Main during the Seven Years' War.
1759
Battle of Minden
The Battle of Minden was a major engagement during the Seven Years' War, fought on 1 August 1759. An Allied army, under the overall command of Prussian Field Marshal Ferdinand of Brunswick, defeated a Franco-Saxon army commanded by Marshal of France, Marquis de Contades. Two years previously, the French had launched a successful invasion of Hanover and attempted to impose an unpopular peace treaty upon the Allied nations of Britain, Hanover and Prussia. After a Prussian victory at Rossbach and under pressure from Frederick the Great and William Pitt, King George II disavowed the treaty. In 1758, the Allies launched a counter-offensive against the French and Saxon forces and drove them back across the Rhine.
1759
Battle of Kay
The Battle of Kay, also referred to as the Battle of Sulechów, Battle of Züllichau, or Battle of Paltzig, was an engagement fought on 23 July 1759 during the Seven Years' War. It occurred near Kay (Kije) in the Neumark, now part of Poland.
1759
Siege of Kolberg (Seven Years' War)
During the Seven Years' War, the Prussian-held town of Kolberg in Brandenburg-Prussian Pomerania was besieged by Russian forces three times. The first two sieges, in late 1758 and from 26 August to 18 September 1760, were unsuccessful. A final and successful siege took place from August to December 1761. In the sieges of 1760 and 1761, the Russian forces were supported by Swedish auxiliaries.
1759
Battle of Ticonderoga (1759)
The Battle of Ticonderoga was a minor confrontation at Fort Carillon on July 26 and 27, 1759, during the French and Indian War. A British military force of more than 11,000 men under the command of General Sir Jeffery Amherst moved artillery to high ground overlooking the fort, which was defended by a garrison of 400 Frenchmen under the command of Brigadier General François-Charles de Bourlamaque.
1759
Battle of Hoyerswerda
The Battle of Hoyerswerda was a minor encounter of September 25, 1759 during the Third Silesian War between Prussian and Austrian forces. Following on from the calamitous Prussian defeat at Kunersdorf in August however, this small victory for Frederick the Great, taken together with the one fashioned at Korbitz four days earlier by Friedrich August von Finck, no doubt proved a timely tonic to his fragile confidence.
1759
Battle of Beauport
The Battle of Beauport, also known as the Battle of Montmorency, fought on 31 July 1759, was an important confrontation between the British and French armed forces during the Seven Years' War of the French province of Canada. The attack conducted by the British against the French defense line of Beauport, some 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) east of Quebec was checked, and the army of General James Wolfe retreated with 443 casualties and losses.
1759
Battle of Pondicherry
The Battle of Pondicherry was a naval battle between a British squadron under Vice-Admiral George Pocock and French squadron under Comte d'Aché on 10 September 1759 off the Carnatic coast of India near Pondicherry during the Seven Years' War. Pocock attempted to intercept d'Aché, whose squadron was carrying reinforcements and money for the French forces in Pondicherry. The battle was indecisive, but d'Aché successfully completed his mission when his fleet arrived in Pondicherry on 15 September. However, these forces were insufficient to reverse the declining French situation in the Carnatic.
1759
Battle of Meissen
The Battle of Meissen was an Austrian victory over a smaller Prussian force during the Third Silesian War. An Austrian force under the command of general Beck assaulted 3,500 Prussian troops under Diericke at Meissen, overwhelming them and driving the survivors across the Elbe. The Prussians lost 400 men in the action and 1,543 fell prisoner. Austrian losses were few, totalling only 72 killed and 115 wounded. The Austrians secured an important victory, which effectively kept their ally Saxony in the war.
1759
Battle of Fort Niagara
The Battle of Fort Niagara was a siege late in the French and Indian War, the North American theatre of the Seven Years' War. The British siege of Fort Niagara in July 1759 was part of a campaign to remove French control of the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley regions, making possible a western invasion of the French province of Canada in conjunction with General James Wolfe's invasion to the east.
1759
Battle of Frisches Haff
The Battle of Frisches Haff or Battle of Stettiner Haff was a naval battle between Sweden and Prussia that took place 10 September 1759 as part of the ongoing Seven Years' War. The battle took place in the Szczecin Lagoon between Neuwarp and Usedom, and is named after an ambiguous earlier name for the Lagoon, Frisches Haff, which later exclusively denoted the Vistula Lagoon.
1759
Siege of Masulipatam
The siege of Masulipatam was a British siege of the town of Masulipatam, held by the French and Dutch, in India during the Seven Years' War. The siege commenced on 6 March 1759 and lasted until the storming of the town by the British on 7 April. The British were commanded by Colonel Francis Forde while the French defenders were under the command of Conflans.
1759
Battle of La Belle-Famille
The Battle of La Belle-Famille occurred on July 24, 1759, during the French and Indian War along the Niagara River portage trail. François-Marie Le Marchand de Lignery's French relief force for the besieged French garrison at Fort Niagara fell into Eyre Massey's British and Haudenosaunee ambush. This action formed part of the larger Battle of Fort Niagara.
1759
Invasion of Guadeloupe (1759)
The invasion of Guadeloupe was a military action from January to May 1759, as part of the Seven Years' War. A large British force had arrived in the West Indies, intending to seize French possessions. After a six-month-long battle to capture Guadeloupe they finally received the formal surrender of the island, just days before a large French relief force arrived under Admiral Maximin de Bompart. Though Guadeloupe was returned to France in 1763, the capture of the island contributed to the Annus Mirabilis of 1759.
1759
Invasion of Martinique (1759)
A British invasion of Martinique took place in January 1759 when a large amphibious force under Peregrine Hopson landed on the French-held island of Martinique and unsuccessfully tried to capture it during the Seven Years' War. Cannon fire from the British fleet was ineffective against the fortress at Fort-Royal due to its location high on the cliffs, and there were no suitable landing places nearby. Unknown to the British commanders, French governor Francis de Beauharnais had not been resupplied for some months, and even a brief siege would have led to the fort's capitulation. However, Moore and Hopson decided instead to investigate the possibility of attacking Martinique's main commercial port, Saint-Pierre. After a desultory naval bombardment on 19 January that again had little effect on the port's defences, they withdrew, and decided instead to attack Guadeloupe, home to a significant body of French privateers. The expedition was successful at Guadeloupe, which surrendered to them in May 1759. In 1762 a British force captured Martinique.
1759
Le Havre raid
The Le Havre raid was a two-day naval bombardment of the French port of Le Havre early in July 1759 by a Royal Navy fleet under Rear-Admiral of the Blue George Rodney during the Seven Years' War, which succeeded in its aim of destroying many of the invasion barges being gathered there for the planned French invasion of Britain.
1760
Battle of Torgau
In the Battle of Torgau on 3 November 1760, King Frederick the Great's Prussian army fought an Austrian army under the command of Field Marshal Leopold Josef Graf Daun. The Prussians won a costly victory in one of the bloodiest battles of the Third Silesian War.
1760
Battle of Landeshut (1760)
The Battle of Landeshut was an engagement fought on 23 June 1760 during the Third Silesian War.
1760
Battle of Liegnitz (1760)
The Battle of Liegnitz on 15 August 1760 saw Frederick the Great's Prussian Army defeat the Austrian army under Ernst von Laudon during the Third Silesian War.
1760
Battle of Wandiwash
The Battle of Wandiwash was a battle in India between the French and the British in 1760. The battle was part of the Third Carnatic War fought between the French and British colonial empires, which itself was a part of the global Seven Years' War. It took place at Vandavasi in Tamil Nadu. Having made substantial gains in Bengal and Hyderabad, the British, after collecting a large amount of revenue, were fully equipped to face the French in Wandiwash, whom they defeated.
1760
Battle of Warburg
The Battle of Warburg was fought on 31 July 1760 during the Seven Years' War. The battle was a victory for the Hanoverians and the British against a slightly larger French army. The victory meant the Anglo-German allies had successfully defended Westphalia from the French by preventing a crossing of the Diemel River, but were forced to abandon the allied state of Hesse-Kassel to the south. The fortress of Kassel ultimately fell, and would remain in French hands until the final months of the war, when it was finally recaptured by the Anglo-German allies in late 1762.
1760
Battle of Sainte-Foy
The Battle of Sainte-Foy sometimes called the Battle of Quebec, was fought on April 28, 1760, near the British-held town of Quebec in the French province of Canada during the Seven Years' War. It was a victory for the French under the Chevalier de Lévis over the British army under General Murray. The battle was notably bloodier than the Battle of the Plains of Abraham of the previous September, with 833 French casualties to 1,124 British casualties.
1760
Battle of Kloster Kampen
The Battle of Kloster Kampen was a French victory over an Anglo-German army during the Seven Years' War. The Allied forces were driven from the field.
1760
الغارة على برلين
وقعت الغارة على برلين في أكتوبر 1760 خلال الحرب السيليزية الثالثة عندما احتلت القوات النمساوية والروسية العاصمة البروسية برلين لعدة أيام. انسحب المحتلون بعد جمع الأموال من المدينة، ومع اقتراب المزيد من التعزيزات البروسية. لقد كانت هناك ادعاءات لاحقة بأن القائد الروسي الكونت توتلبن تلقى رشوة شخصية من البروسيين لتجنيب المدينة، وقد حوكم بعد ذلك وأدين بأنه جاسوس.
1760
Siege of Dresden
The siege of Dresden took place in July 1760 during the Third Silesian War when a Prussian force led by Frederick the Great unsuccessfully besieged the city of Dresden in Saxony.
1760
Battle of Corbach
The Battle of Corbach, or Korbach, a Hanseatic town of Waldeck-Frankenberg in northern Hesse, Germany, was fought on 10 July 1760 during the Seven Years' War. Corbach was the first battle of the campaign of 1760 and was a victory for the French over the Hanoverians, the British and their allies.
1760
Battle of Restigouche
The Battle of Restigouche was a naval battle fought in 1760 during the Seven Years' War on the Restigouche River between the British Royal Navy and the small flotilla of vessels of the French Navy, Acadian militia and Mi'kmaq militias. The loss of the French vessels, which had been sent to support and resupply the troops in New France after the fall of Quebec, marked the end of any serious attempt by France to keep hold of their colonies in North America. The battle was the last major engagement of the Mi'kmaq and Acadian militias before the Burying of the Hatchet Ceremony between the Mi'kmaq and the British.
1760
Battle of the Thousand Islands
The Battle of the Thousand Islands was an engagement fought on 16–24 August 1760, in the upper St. Lawrence River, among the Thousand Islands, along the present day Canada–United States border, by British and French forces during the closing phases of the Seven Years' War, as it is called in Canada and Europe, or the French and Indian War as it is referred to in the United States.
1760 – 1761
Siege of Pondicherry (1760)
The siege of Pondicherry (1760–1761) was a conflict in the Third Carnatic War, as part of the global Seven Years' War. Lasting from 4 September 1760 to 15 January 1761, British land and naval forces besieged and eventually compelled the French garrison defending the French colonial outpost of Pondicherry to surrender. The city was running low on supplies and ammunitions when French commander Lally surrendered. It was the third British victory in the region that was under the command of Robert Clive.
1760
Battle of Carrickfergus (1760)
The Battle of Carrickfergus took place in February 1760 in Carrickfergus, County Antrim during the Seven Years' War. A force of 600 Frenchmen led by François Thurot landed near the town, overwhelmed its small garrison of 200 soldiers of the 62nd Regiment of Foot under Lieutenant-colonel John Jennings, and captured Carrickfergus Castle.
1760
Siege of Glatz
The siege of Glatz took place in 1760 during the Third Silesian War when an Austrian force led by General von Laudon laid siege to and successfully stormed the fortress of Glatz from its Prussian garrison.
1761
Battle of Villinghausen
The Battle of Villinghausen, took place during the Seven Years' War fought on the 15th and 16 July 1761 in the western area of present-day Germany, between a large French army and an Anglo-German force led by Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick. The French commanders failed to coordinate their actions and suffered defeat.
1761
Battle of Langensalza (1761)
The Battle of Langensalza was an engagement between French forces and allied Prussian and Hanoverian forces during the Seven Years' War. It was fought near Langensalza in what is now eastern Germany.
1761
Siege of Cassel (1761)
The siege of Cassel was a failed attempt by Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick to capture French-held Kassel, the capital of Hesse-Kassel. The siege lasted about four weeks, but Brunswick was forced to lift the siege after forces of the Duc de Broglie inflicted heavy casualties on his forces at the Battle of Grünberg on March 21, making continuation of the siege untenable.
1761
Capture of Belle Île
The capture of Belle Île was a British amphibious expedition to capture the French island of Belle Île off the Brittany coast in 1761, during the Seven Years' War. After an initial British attack was repulsed, a second attempt under General Studholme Hodgson forced a beachhead. A second landing was made, and after a six-week siege the island's main citadel at Le Palais was stormed, consolidating British control of the island. A French relief effort from the nearby mainland was unable to succeed because of British control of the sea. The British occupied the island for two years before returning it in 1763 following the Treaty of Paris.
1761
Battle of Grünberg
The Battle of Grünberg was fought between French and allied Prussian and Hanoverian troops in the Seven Years' War at village of Grünberg, Hesse, near Stangenrod. The French, led by the Jacques Philippe de Choiseul, inflicted a significant defeat on the allies, taking several thousand prisoners, and capturing 18 military standards. The allied loss prompted Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick to lift the siege of Cassel and retreat.
1762
Battle of Signal Hill
The Battle of Signal Hill, fought on 15 September 1762, was the last battle of the French and Indian War. A British force under Lieutenant-colonel William Amherst recaptured St. John's, which the French had seized earlier that year in a surprise attack described in some accounts as an ambush.
1762
Siege of Havana
The siege of Havana was the capture of the Spanish-held city of Havana, Cuba in 1762 as part of the war between Britain and Spain which formed part of the larger Seven Years' War. After the Spanish abandoned their former policy of neutrality by signing the family compact with France, Britain declared war on Spain in January 1762. The British government decided to mount an attack on the important Spanish naval base of Havana, with the intention of weakening the Spanish West Indies and improving the security of its own American colonies. A Royal Navy force consisting of squadrons from Britain and the West Indies, escorting 160 troopships, were able to approach Havana from a direction that neither Governor Juan de Prado nor Admiral Gutierre de Hevia expected and were able to trap de Hevia's fleet in the Havana harbour and land their troops with relatively little resistance.
1762
Battle of Burkersdorf (1762)
The Battle of Burkersdorf took place on 21 July 1762 during the Third Silesian War. A Prussian army of 23,000 men fought an Austrian army of around 20,000 men.
1762
Battle of Freiberg
The Battle of Freiberg was fought on 29 October 1762 and was the last great battle of the Third Silesian War.
1762
Battle of Wilhelmsthal
The Battle of Wilhelmsthal was fought on 24 June 1762 during the Seven Years' War between the allied forces of Britain, Prussia, Hanover, Brunswick and Hesse under the command of the Duke of Brunswick against France. Once again, the French threatened Hanover, so the Allies manoeuvered around the French, surrounded the invasion force, and forced them to retreat. It was the last major action fought by Brunswick's force before the Peace of Paris brought an end to the war.
1762
Battle of Lutterberg (1762)
In the Second Battle of Lutterberg, the Franco-Saxon contingent under General the Comte de Lusace were defeated by Prince Ferdinand.
1762
Invasion of Martinique (1762)
The invasion of Martinique was the capture of the French colony of Martinique in the West Indies by British forces between January and February 1762 during the Seven Years' War.
1762
Battle of Nauheim
The Battle of Nauheim took place during the Seven Years' War near Bad Nauheim in the Landgraviate of Hessen-Kassel on 30 August 1762. French troops under the command of Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé defeated Hanoverian and British troops under the command of Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick.
1762
Battle of Valencia de Alcántara
The Battle of Valencia de Alcántara took place in August 1762 when an Anglo Portuguese force led by John Burgoyne surprised and captured the town of Valencia de Alcántara from its Spanish defenders during the Seven Years' War. The town was taken on 27 August as part of the defence against the Spanish invasion of Portugal.
1762
Siege of Almeida (1762)
The siege of Almeida took place in August 1762 when a Spanish force besieged and captured the city of Almeida from its Portuguese defenders during the Seven Years' War. The city was taken on 25 August as part of the invasion of Portugal by a Spanish army commanded by the Count of Aranda.
1762
Siege of Cassel (1762)
The Siege of Cassel took place in October and November 1762, when an allied force of Hanoverian, Hessian and British troops under the command of the Duke of Brunswick besieged and captured the French-held town of Cassel. It was the final engagement of the Seven Years' War in Western Europe, as the conflict was brought to an end by the Peace of Paris the following year.
1762
Battle of Vila Velha
The Battle of Vila Velha or Battle of Vila Velha de Ródão took place in October 1762 when a British-Portuguese force led by John Burgoyne and Charles Lee surprised and recaptured the town of Vila Velha de Ródão, Portugal, from Spanish invaders during the Seven Years' War as part of the Spanish invasion. Burgoyne, who took the Spanish base at Valencia de Alcántara, Portugal, two months earlier then marched against forces preparing to cross the River Tagus into Alentejo.
أحداث قبلها وبعدها في المنطقة
- 320إمبراطورية جوبتا
- 427نالندة
- 499أريابهاتية
- 1756 – 1763حرب السنوات السبعهذه الصفحة
- 1757معركة بلاسي
- 1971حرب الاستقلال البنغلاديشية
من حكم هذه الأرض
الدول التي كان هذا المكان تابعًا لها وفق بيانات الحدود التاريخية (Cliopatria). السنوات تقريبية بحسب فواصل البيانات (من بضع سنوات إلى قرن). اضغط لفتح خريطة تلك السنة.
عرض 14 أخرى
- 600 ق.م – 550 ق.مAnga Kingdom
- 500 ق.م – 450 ق.ممغادا (سلالة هاريانكا)
- 400 ق.م – 350 ق.ممغادا (سلالة شايشوناغا)
- 300 ق.م – 200 ق.مالإمبراطورية الماورية
- 150 ق.م – 100 ق.مإمبراطورية شونغا
- 50 ق.مسلالة كانفا
- 325 – 550إمبراطورية جوبتا
- 575 – 600سلالة موخاري
- 625 – 650أسرة بوشيابوتي
- 675 – 700Khadga dynasty
- 750 – 1060إمبراطورية بالا
- 1080 – 1220سلالة سينا
- 1240 – 1280مماليك الهند
- 1300 – 1320الدولة الخلجية