Première révolution anglaise
- Période
- 1642 – 1651
- Batailles
- 46
La première révolution anglaise, également appelée Grande Rébellion, se déroule de 1642 à 1651 sous le règne de Charles Ier. Cette révolution a pour conséquence le jugement puis l'exécution du roi Charles Ier le 30 janvier 1649 à Whitehall près de Westminster. La monarchie est abolie et une « République », appelée Commonwealth d'Angleterre, est instaurée avec Oliver Cromwell à sa tête. Cette révolution marquante pour l'Angleterre et l'Europe est une étape cruciale dans la transformation du pouvoir royal anglais, qui s'oriente progressivement vers une monarchie constitutionnelle.
Sources: Wikipédia — Première révolution anglaise · CC BY-SA 4.0
Batailles 46
1642
Bataille d'Edgehill
La bataille de Edgehill est la première bataille rangée de la Première guerre civile anglaise. Elle a lieu près de Kineton dans le Warwickshire, le 23 octobre 1642. Son issue est indécise et ne permet pas aux royalistes de prendre Londres et ainsi de s'assurer une victoire rapide sur les parlementaires. Avec cette bataille commencent trois ans de guerre civile.
1642
Battle of Turnham Green
The Battle of Turnham Green took place on 13 November 1642 near the village of Turnham Green, at the end of the first campaigning season of the First English Civil War. The battle resulted in a standoff between the forces of King Charles I and the much larger Parliamentarian army under the command of the Earl of Essex. In blocking the Royalist army's way to London immediately, however, the Parliamentarians gained an important strategic victory as the standoff forced Charles and his army to retreat to Oxford for secure winter quarters.
1642
Battle of Brentford (1642)
The Battle of Brentford was a small pitched battle which took place on 12 November 1642 in Brentford, Middlesex, between a detachment of the Royalist army under the command of Prince Rupert, and two infantry regiments of Parliamentarians with some horse in support. The result was a victory for the Royalists.
1642
Battle of Powick Bridge
The battle of Powick Bridge was a skirmish fought on 23 September 1642 south of Worcester, England, during the First English Civil War. It was the first engagement between elements of the principal field armies of the Royalists and Parliamentarians. Sir John Byron was escorting a Royalist convoy of valuables from Oxford to King Charles's army in Shrewsbury and, worried about the proximity of the Parliamentarians, took refuge in Worcester on 16 September to await reinforcements. The Royalists despatched a force commanded by Prince Rupert. Meanwhile, the Parliamentarians sent a detachment, under Colonel John Brown, to try to capture the convoy. Each force consisted of around 1,000 mounted troops, a mix of cavalry and dragoons.
1642
Siege of Hull (1642)
The first siege of Hull marked an escalation in the conflict between King Charles I and Parliament during the preliminaries of the First English Civil War. Charles sought to secure the large arsenal held in Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire. He first approached the town in late April 1642 and was rebuffed by the town's Parliamentarian governor, Sir John Hotham. Charles retreated to York but in July he received news that Hotham might be willing to hand over the town if the Royalists approached with force large enough for Hotham to surrender with his honour intact.
1642 – 1646
Siege of Plymouth
The Siege of Plymouth, August 1642 to February 1646, took place during the First English Civil War, when Royalist forces besieged the Parliamentarian-held port of Plymouth in Devon.
1642
Siege of Portsmouth
The siege of Portsmouth was the siege of a Royalist garrison in Portsmouth by a Parliamentarian force conducted in the early part of the First English Civil War. The siege resulted in Portsmouth falling to Parliament after a little under a month of conflict.
1642
Battle of Babylon Hill
The battle of Babylon Hill was an indecisive skirmish that took place between Royalist and Parliamentarian forces near Yeovil, in South West England, on 7 September 1642, during the early stages of the First English Civil War. The engagement occurred after a failed Parliamentarian siege of nearby Royalist-held Sherborne. After the Parliamentarians had retreated to Yeovil, a force of around 350 Royalists was sent to reconnoitre their movements. Under the command of Sir Ralph Hopton, the Royalist detachment established itself on Babylon Hill, on the outskirts of Yeovil.
1642
Battle of Aylesbury
The Battle of Aylesbury was an engagement which took place on 1 November 1642, when Royalist forces, under the command of Prince Rupert, fought Aylesbury's Parliamentarian garrison at Holman's Bridge a few miles to the north of Aylesbury. The Parliamentarian forces were victorious, despite being heavily outnumbered.
1642 – 1643
Siege of Reading
The siege of Reading was an eleven-day blockade of Reading, Berkshire during the First English Civil War. Reading had been garrisoned by 3,000 Royalist troops under Sir Arthur Aston in November 1642. On 14 April 1643, Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex led a Parliamentarian army of 19,000 troops to lay siege to the town, and began bombarding it two days later.
1643
Première bataille de Newbury
La bataille de Newbury est une bataille de la Première guerre civile anglaise. Le combat s'est déroulé le 20 septembre 1643 entre une armée royaliste, sous le commandement personnel de Charles Ier d'Angleterre et une force parlementaire dirigée par le comte d'Essex. Après une année de succès des armées royalistes au cours de laquelle elles prennent Banbury, Oxford et Reading sans conflit avant la prise de Bristol, les troupes parlementaires ont été laissées sans armée efficace sur le champ de bataille. Lorsque Charles Ier assiège Gloucester (en), le parlement est forcé de rassembler une armée sous le commandement d'Essex pour battre les forces de Charles Ier. Après une longue marche, Essex surprend les royalistes et les repousse loin de Gloucester avant de commencer une retraite en direction de Londres. Charles rallie ses forces et poursuit Essex, dépassant l'armée parlementaire à Newbury et la forçant à continuer sa retraite.
1643
Bataille d'Adwalton Moor
La bataille d'Adwalton Moor est une bataille de la Première guerre civile anglaise. Elle a lieu à Bradford,
1643
Battle of Roundway Down
The Battle of Roundway Down was fought on 13 July 1643 at Roundway Down near Devizes, in Wiltshire during the First English Civil War. Despite being outnumbered and exhausted after riding overnight from Oxford, a Royalist cavalry force under Lord Wilmot won a crushing victory over the Parliamentarian Army of the West under Sir William Waller.
1643
Battle of Winceby
The Battle of Winceby took place on 11 October 1643 during the First English Civil War near the village of Winceby, Lincolnshire. In the battle, a Royalist relieving force under the command of Sir William Widdrington was defeated by the Parliamentarian cavalry of the Earl of Manchester.
1643
Battle of Hopton Heath
The Battle of Hopton Heath was a part of the First English Civil War, fought on Sunday 19 March 1643 between Parliamentarian forces led by Sir John Gell, 1st Baronet of Hopton and Sir William Brereton, 1st Baronet and the Royalist forces under Spencer Compton, 2nd Earl of Northampton.
1643
Battle of Lansdowne
The First English Civil War battle of Lansdowne, or Lansdown, was fought on 5 July 1643, at Lansdowne Hill, near Bath, Somerset, England. Although the Royalists under Lord Hopton forced the Parliamentarians under Sir William Waller to retreat from their hilltop position, they suffered so many casualties themselves and were left so disordered and short of ammunition that an injured Hopton was forced to retire.
1643
Battle of Braddock Down
The Battle of Braddock Down took place during the south-western campaign of the First English Civil War. It was fought on open ground in Cornwall, on 19 January 1643. An apparently easy victory for the Royalists under Sir Ralph Hopton secured Cornwall for King Charles and confirmed Hopton's reputation as a commander. Hopton also gained respect for the mercy shown to his foe, of whom 1,500 were captured during and after the battle. The precise location of the battlefield is a matter of dispute, though English Heritage believe it to be within parkland at Boconnoc.
1643
Battle of Chalgrove Field
The Battle of Chalgrove Field took place on 18 June 1643, during the First English Civil War, near Chalgrove, Oxfordshire. It is now best remembered for the death of John Hampden, who was wounded in the shoulder during the battle and died six days later.
1643
Battle of Gainsborough
The Battle of Gainsborough took place during the First English Civil War on 28 July 1643. The strategically important town of Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, was a Royalist base used for harassing the Parliamentarians who were generally dominant in Lincolnshire, but it was taken by Parliamentarians in July 1643. An attempt to recapture Gainsborough by Charles Cavendish and the Royalists was foiled in a battle in which Colonel Oliver Cromwell distinguished himself as a cavalry leader.
1643
First Battle of Middlewich
The First Battle of Middlewich took place on 13 March 1643, during the First English Civil War, and was fought between the Parliamentarians, under Sir William Brereton, and the Royalist supporters of King Charles I of England, under Sir Thomas Aston.
1643
Siege of Gloucester
The siege of Gloucester took place between 10 August and 5 September 1643 during the First English Civil War. It was part of a Royalist campaign led by King Charles I to take control of the Severn Valley from the Parliamentarians. Following the costly storming of Bristol on 26 July, Charles invested Gloucester in the hope that a show of force would prompt it to surrender quickly and without bloodshed. When the city, under the governorship of Lieutenant-Colonel Edward Massey, refused, the Royalists attempted to bombard it into submission. Massey adopted an aggressive defence, and the Royalist positions outside the city were regularly disrupted by Parliamentarian raids. The Royalist artillery proved inadequate for the task of siege work and, faced with a shortage of ammunition, the besiegers attempted to breach the city walls by mining. With Royalist miners about to reach the city's east gate and the defenders critically low on gunpowder, a Parliamentarian army led by the Earl of Essex arrived and forced Charles to lift the siege.
1643 – 1645
Siege of Basing House
The siege of Basing House near Basingstoke in Hampshire, was a Parliamentarian victory late in the First English Civil War. Whereas the title of the event may suggest a single siege, there were in fact three major engagements. John Paulet, 5th Marquess of Winchester owned the House and as a committed Royalist garrisoned it in support of King Charles I, as it commanded the road from London to the west through Salisbury.
1644
Bataille de Marston Moor
La bataille de Marston Moor a eu lieu le 2 juillet 1644 durant la Première guerre civile anglaise. Les forces combinées des Covenantaires écossais, sous les ordres d'Alexander Leslie, et les Parlementariens, dirigés par Ferdinando Fairfax et le comte de Manchester, y ont vaincu les Royalistes, commandés par le prince Rupert du Rhin et le marquis de Newcastle.
1644
Seconde bataille de Newbury
La seconde bataille de Newbury a lieu le 27 octobre 1644, à Speen, près de Newbury dans le Berkshire. Elle se déroule près du site de la Première bataille de Newbury qui s'est accomplie en septembre de l'année précédente.
1644 – 1645
Sièges de Taunton
Les sièges de Taunton sont une série de trois sièges ayant lieu entre septembre 1644 et juillet 1645 autour de Taunton, une ville du Somerset, dans le Sud-Ouest de l'Angleterre. Ces affrontements s'inscrivent dans le cadre de la première guerre civile anglaise, qui oppose les partisans du roi Charles Ier à ceux du Parlement. Taunton est stratégiquement importante du fait de sa position sur la principale route reliant la ville de Bristol aux comtés du Devon et des Cornouailles.
1644
Siege of York
The siege of York in 1644 was a prolonged contest for York during the First English Civil War, between the Scottish Covenanter army and the Parliamentarian armies of the Northern Association and Eastern Association, and the Royalist Army under the Marquess of Newcastle. It lasted from 22 April until 1 July when the city was relieved by Prince Rupert of the Rhine. Rupert and Newcastle were defeated the next day at the decisive Battle of Marston Moor, and the siege resumed until the city was surrendered on easy terms on 16 July.
1644 – 1646
Siege of Oxford
The siege of Oxford consisted of the English Civil War military campaigns waged to besiege the Royalist controlled city of Oxford. These were three short engagements over a period of twenty-five months, The siege ended with a Parliamentarian victory in June 1646.
1644
Battle of Lostwithiel
The Battle of Lostwithiel took place over a 13-day period from 21 August to 2 September 1644, around the town of Lostwithiel and along the River Fowey valley in Cornwall during the First English Civil War. A Royalist army led by Charles I of England defeated a Parliamentarian force commanded by the Earl of Essex.
1644
Battle of Cheriton
The Battle of Cheriton of 29 March 1644 was an important Parliamentarian victory during the First English Civil War. Sir William Waller's "Army of the Southern Association" defeated a Royalist force jointly commanded by the Earl of Forth and Sir Ralph Hopton. Defeat ended Royalist hopes of retaking South East England and forced them onto the defensive for the rest of 1644.
1644
Storming of Bolton
The Storming of Bolton, sometimes referred to as the "Bolton massacre", was an event in the First English Civil War which happened on 28 May 1644. The strongly Parliamentarian town was stormed and captured by Royalist forces under Prince Rupert. It was alleged that up to 1,600 of Bolton's defenders and inhabitants were slaughtered during and after the fighting. The "massacre at Bolton" became a staple of Parliamentarian propaganda.
1644
Battle of Cropredy Bridge
The Battle of Cropredy Bridge was fought on Saturday 29 June 1644 near Banbury, Oxfordshire during the First English Civil War. In the engagement, Sir William Waller and the Parliamentarian army failed to capture King Charles.
1645
Bataille de Naseby
La bataille de Naseby est un affrontement de la Première guerre civile anglaise qui se déroule le 14 juin 1645 près du village de Naseby, dans le Northamptonshire. Elle oppose la New Model Army des Parlementaires, commandée par Thomas Fairfax et Oliver Cromwell, à l'armée royaliste commandée par le roi Charles Ier et le prince Rupert du Rhin.
1645
Battle of Langport
The Battle of Langport took place on 10 July 1645 during the First English Civil War, near Langport in Somerset.
1645
Battle of Rowton Heath
The Battle of Rowton Heath, better known as the Battle of Rowton Moor, occurred on 24 September 1645 during the English Civil War. The Parliamentarians, commanded by Sydnam Poyntz, inflicted a significant defeat on the Royalists under the personal command of King Charles I, inflicting heavy losses and preventing Charles from relieving the siege of Chester.
1645
Siege of Bristol (1645)
The second siege of Bristol of the First English Civil War lasted from 23 August 1645 until 10 September 1645, when the Royalist commander Prince Rupert surrendered the city that he had captured from the Parliamentarians on 26 July 1643. The commander of the Parliamentarian New Model Army forces besieging Bristol was Lord Fairfax.
1646
Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold
The Battle of Stow-on-the-Wold took place near Stow-on-the-Wold in Gloucestershire during the First English Civil War. It was a Parliamentarian victory by detachments of the New Model Army over the last Royalist field army.
1646
Bataille de Torrington
La bataille de Torrington est une bataille décisive de la Première Guerre civile anglaise qui marque la fin de la résistance royaliste dans l'ouest du pays. Elle se déroule à Torrington, dans le comté du Devon.
1648
Bataille de Preston
La bataille de Preston est une bataille clé de la Première Révolution anglaise, durant l'épisode de la Deuxième guerre civile anglaise. Du 17 au 19 août 1648, à Walton-le-Dale, près de Preston, la New Model Army des Parlementaires, dirigée par Cromwell, remporte la victoire sur les Royalistes et les Écossais, dirigés par Hamilton.
1648
Battle of St Fagans
The Battle of St Fagans took place on 8 May 1648 near St Fagans in South Glamorgan, during the Second English Civil War. A detachment from the veteran Parliamentarian New Model Army defeated a Royalist force primarily composed of mutinous former Parliamentarian soldiers, and ill-equipped levies. Their defeat ended significant Royalist resistance in Wales.
1648
Siege of Colchester
The siege of Colchester occurred in the summer of 1648 when the Second English Civil War reignited in several areas of Britain. Colchester found itself in the thick of the unrest when a Royalist army on its way through East Anglia to raise support for the King, was attacked by Lord-General Thomas Fairfax at the head of a Parliamentary force. The Parliamentarians' initial attack forced the Royalist army to retreat behind the town's walls, but they were unable to bring about victory, so they settled down to a siege. Despite the horrors of the siege, the Royalists resisted for eleven weeks and only surrendered following the defeat of the Royalist army in Northern England at the Battle of Preston (1648).
1648
Battle of Maidstone
The Battle of Maidstone was fought in the Second English Civil War and was a victory for the attacking Parliamentarian troops over the defending Royalist forces.
1648
Battle of Winwick
The Battle of Winwick was fought on 19 August 1648 near the Lancashire village of Winwick between part of a Royalist army under Lieutenant General William Baillie and a Parliamentarian army commanded by Lieutenant General Oliver Cromwell. The Royalists were defeated with all of those who took part in the fighting, their army's entire infantry force, either killed or captured. The Royalist mounted component fled but surrendered five days after the battle. Winwick was the last battle of the Second English Civil War.
1650
Bataille de Dunbar (1650)
La bataille de Dunbar est une bataille de la guerre anglo-écossaise de 1650-1652 qui eut lieu le 3 septembre 1650 à Dunbar en Écosse. Les troupes parlementaires de la New Model Army commandées par Oliver Cromwell remportent la victoire sur l'armée écossaise de Charles II, menée par David Leslie.
1651
Bataille de Worcester
La bataille de Worcester est la dernière bataille de la première révolution anglaise. Les troupes parlementaires de la New Model Army commandées par Oliver Cromwell remportent la victoire sur l'armée royaliste, majoritairement écossaise, de Charles II d'Angleterre.
1651
Bataille d'Inverkeithing
La bataille d'Inverkeithing se déroule le 20 juillet 1651, à Inverkeithing en Écosse. Elle est l'une des dernières batailles de la guerre anglo-écossaise de 1650-1652. Les troupes parlementaires de la New Model Army commandées par John Lambert remportent la victoire sur l'armée royaliste, prédominément écossaise, de Charles II d'Angleterre, menée par David Leslie (en).
1651
Bataille de Wigan Lane
La bataille de Wigan Lane a eu lieu au nord de Wigan, le 25 août 1651, lors de la guerre anglo-écossaise de 1650-1652, entre les royalistes, commandés par James Stanley, 7e comte de Derby, et des éléments de la New Model Army, commandés par le colonel Robert Lilburne (en). Les royalistes furent défaits, perdant près de la moitié de leurs officiers et de leurs hommes.
Avant et après, à proximité
- 1215Magna Carta
- 1415Bataille d'Azincourt
- 1455 – 1487Guerre des Deux-Roses
- 1642 – 1651Première révolution anglaiseCette page
- 1687Philosophiæ naturalis principia mathematica
- 1688 – 1689Glorieuse Révolution
- 1776Machine de Watt
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