크림 전쟁
- 시기
- 1853년 10월 – 1856년 3월
- 진영
- 러시아 vs 오스만·영국·프랑스·사르데냐
- 전투
- 23
크림 전쟁(Guerre de Crimée; Кры́мская война́ Krymskaya voina 또는 Восто́чная война́ Vostochnaya voina; Kırım Savaşı, 영어: Crimean War)은 1853년 10월부터 1856년 2월까지 크림반도에서 벌어진 전쟁으로, 러시아 제국이 오스만 제국, 프랑스 제2제국, 대영제국과 사르데냐 왕국이 결성한 동맹군에 패배한 전쟁이다. 전쟁의 촉발 원인은 오스만 제국이 성지에 거주하는 소수 기독교도들의 권리와 연관되어 있었다. 프랑스는 로마 가톨릭교도들의 권리를 증진시키고자 했으나, 러시아 제국은 동방 정교회 신자들의 권리를 증진시키고자 했다. 장기적인 원인에는 오스만 제국의 쇠퇴와 영국 및 프랑스의 러시아 제국 견제가 포함되어 있었다.
출처: 위키백과 — 크림 전쟁 · CC BY-SA 4.0
전투 23
1853년 11월
Battle of Sinop
The Battle of Sinop, or the Battle of Sinope, was a naval battle that took place on 30 November 1853 between Imperial Russia and the Ottoman Empire during the opening phase of the Crimean War (1853–1856). It took place at Sinop, a sea port on the southern shore of the Black Sea. A Russian squadron attacked and decisively defeated an Ottoman squadron anchored in Sinop's harbor. The Russian force consisted of six ships of the line, two frigates and three armed steamers, led by Admiral Pavel Nakhimov; the Ottoman defenders were seven frigates, three corvettes and two armed steamers, commanded by Vice Admiral Osman Pasha.
1853년 11월
Battle of Oltenița
The Battle of Oltenița was fought on 4 November 1853 and was the first engagement of the Crimean War. In this battle an Ottoman army under the command of Omar Pasha was defending its fortified positions from the Russian forces led by General Peter Dannenberg, until the Russians were ordered to withdraw. The Russian attack was called off just when they reached the Ottoman fortifications, and they retreated in good order, but suffered heavy losses. The Turks held their positions, but did not pursue the enemy, and later retreated to the other side of Danube.
1853년 11월
Battle of Akhaltsikhe (1853)
The Battle of Akhaltsikhe occurred on 13 November 1853 during the Crimean War when a Georgian-Russian force of 7,000 defeated a Turkish army of 18,000 men near the Akhaltsikhe fortress in the Caucasus.
1853년 12월 – 1854년 1월
Battle of Cetate
The Battle of Cetate was fought during the Crimean War. In this battle a large Ottoman force under Ahmed Pasha unsuccessfully attempted to capture the village of Cetate which was controlled by Russian Colonel Alexander Baumgarten.
1853년 12월
Battle of Başgedikler
The Battle of Başgedikler occurred on 1 December 1853 during the Crimean War when a Russian army attacked and defeated a large Turkish force near the village of Başgedikler in the Trans-Caucasus.
1854년 2월 – 1854년 5월
Siege of Calafat
The siege of Calafat took place in 1854 during the Crimean War. The Russians unsuccessfully besieged the Ottoman army at this place for four months before finally withdrawing.
1854년 5월 – 1854년 6월
Siege of Silistria (1854)
The siege of Silistria, or siege of Silistra, was a key engagement in the Crimean War, fought from 11 May to 23 June 1854 between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire in present-day Bulgaria. The Russian army, numbering up to 90,000 men with 266 guns, attempted to capture the Danubian fortress of Silistria as part of a broader strategy to outflank Ottoman defences and pre-empt an expected Allied landing at Varna. The garrison, 12,000 to 18,000 Ottoman troops and Egyptian auxiliaries, was bolstered by British military advisers and successfully withstood a six-week siege.
1854년 5월
Battle of Nigoiti
The battle of Nigoiti took place between 20 and 27 May 1854 the village of Nigoiti in Guria during the Crimean War.
1854년 6월
Battle of Choloki (1854)
The Battle of Choloki took place on 4 June 1854 on the outskirts of village Kakuti in Guria, Georgia during the Crimean War. Under the command of General Ivane Andronikashvili, the invading Turks were successfully repelled and defeated.
1854년 8월
Battle of Kurekdere
The Battle of Kürekdere took place on 6 August 1854 as part of the Crimean War. The battle occurred when an Ottoman army from the Ottoman fortress of Kars marched out to confront a marauding Russian detachment near the village of Kürekdere in the Trans-Caucasus.
1854년 9월
알마 전투
알마 전투 는 크림 전쟁 중 1854년 9월 20일 크림반도를 방어하는 러시아군과 연합 원정군(프랑스, 영국, 오스만군으로 구성) 사이에 벌어졌다. 연합군은 9월 14일 크림반도에 기습 상륙했다. 연합군 사령관인 원수 자크 르루아 드 생타르노와 래글런 경은 전략적으로 중요한 항구 도시인 세바스토폴로 진군했고, 세바스토폴은 45 km 떨어져 있었다. 러시아군 사령관인 프린스 알렉산드르 세르게예비치 멘시코프는 도시 전방의 마지막 자연 방어 거점인 알마강 남쪽 알마 고지로 병력을 급파했다.
1854년 10월
발라클라바 전투
발라클라바 전투는 크림 전쟁 당시 1854년 10월 25일 영국과 러시아가 전투를 벌여 승리한 전투이다. 그러나 전투 과정에서 경기병 여단 돌격 사건이 일어나 훗날 '영국군 역사상 가장 졸렬한 전투'로 기록되었다.
1854년 10월 – 1855년 9월
세바스토폴 포위전 (1854년~1855년)
세바스토폴 포위전(Siege of Sevastopol)은 크림 전쟁 중인 1854년 10월부터 1855년 9월까지 지속된 전투이다. 연합군(프랑스, 사르데냐, 오스만, 영국)은 1854년 9월 14일 옙파토리야에 상륙하여 5만 명의 병력으로 크림반도의 수도인 세바스토폴까지 승리 행진을 벌일 계획이었다. 도중에 벌어진 주요 전투는 알마, 발라클라바, 잉케르만, 체르나야, 리단, 마지막으로 말라코프 였다. 포위전 동안 연합군 해군은 1854년 10월 17일, 1855년 4월 9일, 6월 6일, 6월 17일, 8월 17일, 9월 5일에 수도에 6차례 포격을 가했다.
1854년 10월
경기병여단의 돌격
경기병여단의 돌격(Charge of the Light Brigade)은 1854년 10월 25일 영국의 카디건 중장이 기병 673명을 이끌고 러시아 포병대를 공격한 사건이다.
1854년 10월
Thin Red Line (Battle of Balaclava)
The Thin Red Line described an episode of the Battle of Balaclava on 25 October 1854, during the Crimean War. In the incident, around 500 men of the 93rd Sutherland Highlanders led by Sir Colin Campbell, aided by a small force of 100 walking wounded, 40 detached Guardsmen, and supported by a substantial force of Turkish infantrymen, formed a line of fire against the Russian cavalry. Previously, Campbell's Highland Brigade had taken part in actions at the Battle of Alma and the Siege of Sevastopol. There were more Victoria Crosses presented to the Highland soldiers at that time than at any other. The event was lionised in the British press and became an icon of the qualities of the British soldier in a war that was arguably poorly managed and increasingly unpopular.
1854년 11월
Battle of Inkerman
The Battle of Inkerman was fought during the Crimean War on 5 November 1854 by the allied armies of Britain and France against the Imperial Russian Army. The battle broke the will of the Russian Army to defeat the allies in the field, and was followed by the siege of Sevastopol. The role of troops fighting mostly on their own initiative due to the foggy conditions during the battle has earned the engagement the name "The Soldier's Battle."
1855년 2월
Battle of Eupatoria
The Battle of Eupatoria occurred on 17 February 1855 during the Crimean War when the army of the Russian Empire unsuccessfully attempted to capture the Crimean port city of Eupatoria held by the forces of the Ottoman Empire.
1855년 6월 – 1855년 11월
Siege of Kars
The siege of Kars was the last major operation of the Crimean War. In June 1855, attempting to alleviate pressure on the defence of Sevastopol, Emperor Alexander II ordered General Nikolay Muravyov to lead his troops against areas of Ottoman interest in Asia Minor. Uniting disparate contingents under his command into a strong corps of 25,725 soldiers, 96 light guns, Muravyov decided to attack Kars, the most important fortress of Eastern Anatolia.
1855년 6월 – 1855년 9월
Battle of Malakoff
The Battle of Malakoff or the Storming of the Malakhov Kurgan was a series of French attacks against Russian forces on the Malakoff redoubt. The first attack was unsuccessful, and occurred on 18 June 1855; subsequent capture of the redoubt was on 8 September 1855. The assaults were parts of the Crimean War and the siege of Sevastopol. The French army under General MacMahon successfully stormed the Malakoff redoubt on 8th, while a simultaneous British attack on the Redan to the south of the Malakoff was repulsed. In one of the war's defining moments, the French zouave Eugène Libaut raised the French flag on the top of the Russian redoubt. The battle of Malakoff resulted in the fall of Sevastopol on 9 September, bringing the 11-month siege to an end.
1855년 8월
Battle of the Chernaya
The Battle of the Chernaya was fought at the Traktir Bridge on the Chernaya River during the Crimean War on August 16, 1855. The battle was fought between Russian, French, Piedmontese and Ottoman troops. The Chernaya River is on the outskirts of Sevastopol, near the line of the allies' siege of the city.
1855년 9월
Battle of the Great Redan
The Battle of the Great Redan was a major battle during the Crimean War, fought between British forces against Russia on 18 June and 8 September 1855 as a part of the Siege of Sevastopol. The French army successfully stormed the Malakoff redoubt, whereas a simultaneous British attack on the Great Redan to the south of the Malakoff was repulsed. Contemporary commentators have suggested that, although the Redan became so important to the Victorians, it was probably not vital to the taking of Sevastopol. The fort at Malakhov was much more important and it was in the French sphere of influence. When the French stormed it after an eleven-month siege that the final, the British attack on the Redan became somewhat unnecessary.
1855년 10월
Battle of Kinburn (1855)
The Battle of Kinburn, a combined land-naval engagement during the final stage of the Crimean War, took place on the tip of the Kinburn Peninsula on 17 October 1855. During the battle a combined fleet of vessels from the French Navy and the British Royal Navy bombarded Russian coastal fortifications after an Anglo-French ground force had besieged them. Three French ironclad batteries carried out the main attack, which saw the main Russian fortress destroyed in an action that lasted about three hours.
1855년 11월
Siege of Taganrog
The siege of Taganrog is a name given in some Russian histories to Anglo-French naval operations in the Sea of Azov between June and November 1855 during the Crimean War. British and French forces were implementing a strategy of destroying the supply lines for the main Russian army which ran through the Sea of Azov. Taganrog was one of the major logistical hubs of the Russian army and was attacked and its military depot destroyed on 3 June 1855 as part of a series of attacks on all major Russian supply bases in the area, except Rostov-on-Don, which could not be reached due to the large shoals not admitting any available warship.
이 땅의 앞뒤 사건
- 1709년폴타바 전투
- 1727년오스만 제국 최초의 아랍 문자 인쇄소 설립
- 1839년탄지마트 개혁 시작 (귈하네 칙령)
- 1853년 10월 – 1856년 3월크림 전쟁이 페이지
- 1876년오스만 제국 헌법 반포
- 1877년 – 1878년러시아-튀르크 전쟁 (1877년~1878년)
- 1912년 – 1913년제1차 발칸 전쟁
이 땅을 다스린 나라
역사 국경 데이터(Cliopatria)에서 이곳이 속한 나라입니다. 연도는 데이터 간격(몇 년~100년)만큼 대략적입니다. 누르면 그해 지도로 갑니다.