제1차 아편 전쟁
- 시기
- 1839년 9월 – 1842년 8월
- 진영
- 영국 vs 청
- 전투
- 19
제1차 아편 전쟁(중국어 간체자: 第一次鸦片战争, 정체자: 第一次阿片戰爭, 영어: First Opium War) 또는 제1차 영청전쟁(第一次英淸戰爭, 영어: First Anglo-Chinese War)은 1839년 9월 4일부터 1842년 8월 29일까지 청나라의 아편 단속을 빌미로 한 영국의 침략전쟁이다. 항각 상인이 클리퍼를 타고 광둥 연안에서 무장한 채, 아편을 공개적으로 판매함으로 인하여 발발한 전쟁이다. 전쟁의 직접적인 도화선은 1839년 청나라 흠차대신 임칙서가 도광제(재위 1820~50년)의 교지를 받들어, 광둥 동관에서 아편을 몰수한 것에서 비롯한다.
출처: 위키백과 — 제1차 아편 전쟁 · CC BY-SA 4.0
전투 19
1839년 9월
Battle of Kowloon
The Battle of Kowloon was a skirmish between British and Chinese vessels off the Kowloon Peninsula, China, on 4 September 1839, located in Hong Kong, although Kowloon was then part of Guangdong province. The skirmish was the first armed conflict of the First Opium War and occurred when British boats opened fire on Chinese war junks enforcing a food sales embargo on the British community. The ban was ordered after a Chinese man died in a brawl with drunk British sailors at Tsim Sha Tsui. The Chinese authorities did not consider the punishment that was meted out by British officials to be sufficient, so they suspended food supplies in an attempt to force the British to turn over the culprit.
1839년 11월
Battle of Chuenpi
The First Battle of Chuenpi was a relatively minor naval engagement fought between British and Chinese ships at the entrance of the Humen strait (Bogue), Guangdong province, China, on 3 November 1839 near the beginning of the First Opium War. The battle began when the British frigates HMS Hyacinth and HMS Volage opened fire on Chinese ships they perceived as being hostile.
1840년 7월
Capture of Chusan
The First Capture of Chusan by British forces in China occurred on 5–6 July 1840 during the First Opium War. The British captured Chusan (Zhoushan), the largest island of an archipelago of that name.
1840년 8월
Battle of the Barrier
The Battle of the Barrier was fought between British and Chinese forces at the boundary separating Macao from mainland China on 19 August 1840 during the First Opium War. Located in modern-day Portas do Cerco, the Macao Peninsula was connected to Xiangshan Island by a narrow isthmus about 100 m (330 ft) wide and 1.2 km (0.75 mi) long. A wall called the Barrier was built across the isthmus in 1573, and it served as Macao's border.
1841년 1월
Second Battle of Chuenpi
The Second Battle of Chuenpi was fought between British and Chinese forces in the Pearl River Delta, Guangdong, China, on 7 January 1841 during the First Opium War. The British launched an amphibious attack at the Humen strait (Bogue), capturing the forts on the islands of Chuenpi and Taikoktow. Subsequent negotiations between British Plenipotentiary Charles Elliot and Chinese Imperial Commissioner Qishan resulted in the Convention of Chuenpi on 20 January. As one of the terms of the agreement, Elliot announced the cession of Hong Kong Island to the British Empire, after which the British took formal possession of the island on 26 January, which lasted for over 156 years of British colonial rule in Hong Kong until it was handed over back to China in 1997 by midnight.
1841년 2월
Battle of the Bogue
The Battle of the Bogue was fought between British and Chinese forces in the Pearl River Delta, Guangdong province, China, on 23–26 February 1841 during the First Opium War. The British launched an amphibious attack at the Humen strait (Bogue), capturing the forts on the islands of Anunghoy and North Wangtong. This allowed the fleet to proceed further up the Pearl River towards the city of Canton (Guangzhou), which they captured the following month.
1841년 2월
Battle of First Bar
The Battle of First Bar was fought between British and Chinese forces at First Bar Island and its surrounding area in the Pearl River, Guangdong province, China, on 27 February 1841 during the First Opium War.
1841년 3월
Battle of Canton (March 1841)
The First Battle of Canton was fought between British and Chinese forces in Canton, Guangdong Province, China, on 18 March 1841 during the First Opium War. The capture led to the hoisting of the Union Jack on the British factory in Canton and the resumption of trade between the British and the Chinese.
1841년 3월
Battle of Whampoa
The Battle of Whampoa was fought between British and Chinese forces at Whampoa Island on the Pearl River near the city of Canton (Guangzhou), Guangdong, China, on 2 March 1841 during the First Opium War.
1841년 5월
Battle of Canton (May 1841)
The Second Battle of Canton was fought between British and Chinese forces in Canton (Guangzhou), Guangdong province, China, in May 1841 during the First Opium War.
1841년 5월
삼원리 사건
삼원리 사건은 제1차 아편전쟁 중, 2차 광동전투 직후인 1841년 5월 29일에 광동 외곽의 삼원리 마을을 배경으로 해서 영국육군 정규군과 중국 민병대와 지방민으로 이루어진 비정규군 사이에 벌어진 무력 충돌이다.외세의 침략에 대한 반응으로 중국 사람들에 의해 일어난 자발적 봉기의 첫번째 예로 간주되며 영국인들에게는 사소한 접전으로 간주된다.
1841년 8월
Battle of Amoy
The Battle of Amoy was fought between British and Qing forces at Amoy on Xiamen Island, Fujian, in the Qing Empire on 26 August 1841 during the First Opium War. The British captured the forts at Xiamen and on nearby Gulangyu Island.
1841년 9월 – 1841년 10월
Capture of Chusan (1841)
The second capture of Chusan occurred on 1 October 1841 during the First Opium War when British forces captured the city of Dinghai, capital of the Chusan (Zhoushan) islands off the east Chinese coast.
1841년 10월
Battle of Chinhai
The Battle of Chinhai was fought between British and Chinese forces in Chinhai (Zhenhai), Zhejiang province, China, on the 10 October 1841 during the First Opium War. The Chinese force consisted of a garrison of Manchu and Mongol Bannermen. The British capture of this city allowed them to seize Ningbo unopposed on 13 October.
1842년 3월
Battle of Ningpo
The Battle of Ningpo was an unsuccessful Chinese attempt to recapture the British-occupied city of Ningbo (Ningpo) during the First Opium War. British forces had bloodlessly captured the city after their victory at Chinhai, and a Chinese force under the command of Prince Yijing was sent to recapture the city but was repulsed, suffering heavy casualties. The British eventually withdrew from the city the following spring.
1842년 3월
Battle of Tzeki
The Battle of Tzeki, Cixi, or Tsz'kí was fought between British and Chinese forces in Tzeki (Cixi), Zhejiang province, China on 15 March 1842 during the First Opium War.
1842년 5월
Battle of Chapu
The Battle of Chapu was fought between British and Qing forces at Chapu on the northern shore of Hangzhou Bay during the First Opium War.
1842년 6월
Battle of Woosung
The Battle of Wusong (Woosung) (Chinese: 吳淞戰役) was fought between British and Chinese forces at the entrance of the Wusong River (present-day Huangpu River), Jiangsu province, China, on 16 June 1842, during the First Opium War. The British capture of the towns of Woosung (now Wusong) and Baoshan opened the way to Shanghai, which was captured with little resistance on 19 June.
1842년 7월
Battle of Chinkiang
The Battle of Chinkiang was fought between British and Chinese forces in Zhenjiang (Chinkiang), Jiangsu province, China, on 21 July 1842 during the First Opium War. It was the last major battle of the war. The Chinese force consisted of a garrison of Manchu and Mongol Bannermen. In command of the British forces was Sir Hugh Gough. Leading one brigade was future British field marshal Sir Colin Campbell. The British capture of this stronghold allowed them to proceed to Nanjing. Fought near the confluence of the Grand Canal and Yangtze River, the battle effectively blocked operation of the Caoyun system, a transport network vital for the movement of grain throughout the empire. As a result, the Daoguang Emperor decided to sue for peace and agreed to sign the Treaty of Nanking, which brought hostilities to an end. Mass suicide was committed by the Manchu Bannermen who were defending the city.
이 땅의 앞뒤 사건
- 1279년애산 전투 (남송 멸망)
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- 1839년 9월 – 1842년 8월제1차 아편 전쟁이 페이지
- 1934년 – 1935년대장정
- 1997년홍콩 반환
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