나폴레옹 전쟁
- 시기
- 1803년 5월 – 1815년 11월
- 진영
- 프랑스 제국과 동맹 vs 대프랑스 동맹
- 전투
- 119
나폴레옹 전쟁(Napoleonic Wars, 1803년 ~ 1815년)은 프랑스 제1제국 및 그 동맹국과 영국이 재정 및 군사적으로 주도하는 연합군 사이에서 벌어진 일련의 전쟁이다. 전쟁은 프랑스 혁명과 그 여파로 일어난 프랑스 혁명 전쟁 당시 해결되지 못한 문제들이 원인이 되어 발발했다. 전쟁은 크게 5개 항목으로 분류되는데, 1805년의 제3차 대프랑스 동맹, 1806년부터 1807년까지의 제4차 대프랑스 동맹, 1809년의 제5차 대프랑스 동맹, 1813년의 제6차 대프랑스 동맹, 그리고 1815년의 제7차 대프랑스 동맹으로 구성되어 있다.
출처: 위키백과 — 나폴레옹 전쟁 · CC BY-SA 4.0
전투 119
1805년 7월
Battle of Cape Finisterre (1805)
In the Battle of Cape Finisterre off Galicia, Spain, the British fleet under Admiral Robert Calder fought an indecisive naval battle against the combined Franco-Spanish fleet which was returning from the West Indies. In the ensuing battle the British captured two Spanish ships of the line, but failed to prevent the joining of French Vice-admiral Pierre-Charles Villeneuve's fleet to the squadron of Ferrol and to strike the shattering blow that would have freed Great Britain from the danger of an invasion. Calder was later court-martialled and severely reprimanded for his failure and for avoiding the renewal of the engagement on 23 and 24 July. At the same time, in the aftermath Villeneuve elected not to continue on to Brest, where his fleet could have joined with other French ships to clear the English Channel for an invasion of Great Britain.
1805년 10월
트라팔가르 해전
트라팔가르 해전은 1805년 10월 21일 영국 해군과 프랑스 및 스페인 연합함대가 벌인 전투로, 나폴레옹 전쟁의 제3차 대프랑스 동맹 전쟁의 일부이다.
1805년 10월
울름 전투
울름 전투(1805년 10월 16일-10월 19일)는 나폴레옹 보나파르트의 울름 전역을 끝낸 절정인 전투로 마크 장군 휘하 오스트리아 전군의 항복을 받아 냈다.
1805년 10월
Battle of Elchingen
The Battle of Elchingen, fought on 14 October 1805, saw French forces under Michel Ney rout an Austrian corps led by Johann Sigismund Riesch. This defeat led to a large part of the Austrian army being invested in the fortress of Ulm by the army of Emperor Napoleon Bonaparte of France while other formations fled to the east. Soon afterward, the Austrians trapped in Ulm surrendered and the French mopped up most of the remaining Austrian forces, bringing the Ulm Campaign to a close.
1805년 10월
Battle of Haslach-Jungingen
The Battle of Haslach-Jungingen, also known as the Battle of Albeck, fought on 11 October 1805 at Ulm-Jungingen north of Ulm at the Danube between French and Austrian forces, was part of the Ulm campaign during the War of the Third Coalition, which was a part of the greater Napoleonic Wars. The Austrians, despite their numerical advantage, were unable to make good use of it due to indecision resulting from an overestimation of the French numbers and the local terrain. The outcome of this battle was a French victory.
1805년 10월
Battle of Caldiero (1805)
The Battle of Caldiero took place on 30 October 1805, pitting the French Armée d'Italie under Marshal André Masséna against an Austrian army under the command of Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen. The French engaged only some of their forces, around 33,000 men, but Archduke Charles engaged the bulk of his army, 49,000 men, leaving out Paul Davidovich's corps to defend the lower Adige and Franz Seraph of Orsini-Rosenberg's corps to cover the Austrian right against any flanking maneuvers. The fighting took place at Caldiero, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) east of Verona, during the War of the Third Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars.
1805년 10월
Battle of Wertingen
In the Battle of Wertingen Imperial French forces led by Marshals Joachim Murat and Jean Lannes attacked a small Austrian corps commanded by Feldmarschall-Leutnant Franz Xaver von Auffenberg. This action, the first battle of the Ulm Campaign, resulted in a clear French victory. Wertingen lies 28 kilometres (17 mi) northwest of Augsburg. The combat was fought during the War of the Third Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars.
1805년 11월
Battle of Dürenstein
The Battle of Dürenstein or the Battle of Krems, on 11 November 1805, was an engagement in the Napoleonic Wars during the War of the Third Coalition. Dürenstein, Austria, is located in the Wachau valley, on the river Danube, 73 kilometers (45 mi) upstream from Vienna, Austria. The river makes a crescent-shaped curve between Dürnstein and nearby Krems an der Donau, and the battle was fought in the flood plain between the river and the mountains.
1805년 11월
Battle of Schöngrabern
The Battle of Schöngrabern, also known as the Battle of Hollabrunn, was an engagement in the Napoleonic Wars during the War of the Third Coalition, fought on 16 November 1805 near Hollabrunn in Lower Austria, four weeks after the Battle of Ulm and two weeks before the Battle of Austerlitz.
1805년 11월
Battle of Cape Ortegal
The Battle of Cape Ortegal was the final action of the Trafalgar campaign, and was fought between a squadron of the Royal Navy and a remnant of the French fleet that had been defeated earlier at the Battle of Trafalgar. It took place on 4 November 1805 off Cape Ortegal, in north-west Spain and saw Captain Sir Richard Strachan defeat and capture a French squadron under Counter-admiral Pierre Dumanoir le Pelley. It is sometimes referred to as Strachan's Action.
1805년 11월
Battle of Amstetten
The Battle of Amstetten was a minor engagement during the War of the Third Coalition between the First French Empire and the alliance of Austria and Russia. It occurred on 5 November 1805, when the retreating Russo-Austrian troops, led by Mikhail Kutuzov, were intercepted by Marshal Joachim Murat's cavalry and a portion of Marshal Jean Lannes' corps. Pyotr Bagration's rearguard defended against the advancing French troops and allowed the Russian troops to retreat. This was the first fight in which a major part of the Russian Army opposed a significant number of French troops in the open. The rearguard also consisted of Michael von Kienmayer's Austrians. The total number of Russo-Austrian troops was around 6,700, while the French troops numbered roughly 10,000 troops. The Russo-Austrian forces suffered more casualties but were still able to successfully retreat.
1805년 12월
아우스터리츠 전투
아우스터리츠 전투(체코어: Bitva u Slavkova)는 나폴레옹의 빛나는 승리 중 하나로, 삼제회전(三帝會戰; Battle of the Three Emperors)이라고도 한다. 프랑스 제국에 대항하여 결성된 제3차 대프랑스 동맹을 효과적으로 분쇄하였다. 1805년 12월 2일(율리우스력으로는 11월 20일) 프랑스 황제 나폴레옹 1세(Napoleon I)가 지휘하는 프랑스군은 거의 9시간에 걸친 힘든 싸움 끝에 차르 알렉산드르 1세가 지휘하는 러시아-오스트리아 연합군을 결정적으로 격퇴하였다. 전투가 벌어진 장소는 모라바의 브르노(브룬)에서 남동쪽 약 10 km(6마일) 떨어진 아우스터리츠(현재의 체코 슬라브코프우브르나)에서 벌어졌다. 이 전투는 흔히 전술상의 걸작으로 평가받기도 한다.
1806년 3월
Battle of Campo Tenese
The Battle of Campo Tenese saw two divisions of the French Army of Naples led by Jean Reynier attack the left wing of the Royal Neapolitan Army under Roger de Damas. Though the defenders were protected by field fortifications, a French frontal attack combined with a turning movement rapidly overran the position and routed the Neapolitans with heavy losses. The action occurred at Campotenese, a little mountain village in the municipality of Morano Calabro in the north of Calabria. The battle was fought during the War of the Third Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars.
1806년 7월
Battle of Maida
The Battle of Maida was fought on 4 July 1806 between the British and French armies outside Maida, Calabria during the Napoleonic Wars. John Stuart led a British expeditionary force of 5,236 troops to victory over a force of approximately 5,400 French troops under Jean Reynier, inflicting heavy losses while incurring light casualties. The battle demonstrated the effectiveness of the double-line formation employed by Stuart against the triple line used by Reynier; two ranks in linear formation allowed the British to stretch a longer line and deliver more powerful volleys.
1806년 10월
예나-아우어슈테트 전투
예나-아우어슈테트 전투(독일어: Schlacht bei Jena und Auerstedt 슐라흐트 바이 예나 운트 아우어슈테트[*], 프랑스어: bataille d'Iéna)는 나폴레옹 전쟁 중이던 1806년 10월 14일, 지금의 독일 튀링겐주 예나 및 아우어슈테트 일대에서 벌어진 전투이다. 나폴레옹 1세가 이끄는 프랑스 제국군과 프리드리히 빌헬름 3세가 이끄는 프로이센 왕국군이 교전을 벌여 프랑스군이 승리했다.
1806년 10월
Battle of Saalfeld
The Battle of Saalfeld took place on 10 October 1806, at which a French force of 12,800 men commanded by Marshal Jean Lannes defeated a Prussian-Saxon force of 8,300 men under Prince Louis Ferdinand. The battle took place in Thuringia in what was the Ernestine duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld. The battle was the second clash in the Prussian Campaign of the War of the Fourth Coalition.
1806년 10월
Battle of Schleiz
The Battle of Schleiz took place on 9 October 1806 in Schleiz, Germany between a Prussian-Saxon division under Bogislav Friedrich Emanuel von Tauentzien and a part of Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte's I Corps under the command of Jean-Baptiste Drouet, Comte d'Erlon. It was the first clash of the War of the Fourth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. As Emperor Napoleon I of France's Grande Armée advanced north through the Franconian Forest it struck the left wing of the armies belonging to the Kingdom of Prussia and the Electorate of Saxony, which were deployed on a long front. Schleiz is located 30 kilometers north of Hof and 145 kilometers southwest of Dresden at the intersection of Routes 2 and 94.
1806년 11월
뤼베크 전투
뤼베크 전투는 1806년 11월 6일 장바티스트 베르나도트(Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte) 휘하의 프랑스 군과 게프하르트 폰 블뤼허(Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher) 휘하의 프로이센군이 독일의 뤼베크 지방에서 벌인 전투이다. 전투 후에 프랑스군은 중립도시인 뤼베크를 차지하였다.
1806년 12월
Battle of Pułtusk (1806)
The Battle of Pułtusk took place on 26 December 1806 during the War of the Fourth Coalition near Pultusk, Prussia. Despite their strong numerical superiority and artillery, the Russians under the lead of General of Cavalry Levin von Benningsen underwent heavy French attacks by Marshal Jean Lannes, before retiring the next day having suffered great losses like the French, disorganizing their army for the rest of the year.
1806년 12월
Battle of Golymin
The Battle of Golymin took place on 26 December 1806 during the War of the Fourth Coalition at Gołymin, Poland, between around 22,000 Russian soldiers with 28 guns under Prince Golitsyn and 38,000 French soldiers under Marshal Murat. The Russian forces disengaged successfully from the superior French forces. The battle took place on the same day as the Battle of Pułtusk.
1806년 12월
Battle of Czarnowo
The Battle of Czarnowo on the night of 23–24 December 1806 saw troops of the First French Empire under the eye of Emperor Napoleon I launch an evening assault crossing of the Wkra River against Lieutenant General Alexander Ivanovich Ostermann-Tolstoy's defending Russian Empire forces. The attackers, part of Marshal Louis-Nicolas Davout's III Corps, succeeded in crossing the Wkra at its mouth and pressed eastward to the village of Czarnowo. After an all-night struggle, the Russian commander withdrew his troops to the east, ending this War of the Fourth Coalition action. Czarnowo is located on the north bank of the Narew River 33 kilometres (21 mi) north-northwest of Warsaw, Poland.
1807년 1월 – 1807년 8월
Siege of Stralsund (1807)
The siege of Stralsund lasted from 24 July to 24 August, 1807, and saw troops from the First French Empire twice attempt to capture the port city from Lieutenant General Hans Henric von Essen's 15,000-man Swedish garrison. Early that year, Marshal Édouard Adolphe Casimir Joseph Mortier blockaded the city for two months before he was called elsewhere. In his absence, the Swedes drove back the inferior blockading force. After Mortier returned and pushed Essen's troops back in turn, the two sides quickly concluded an armistice. The truce was later repudiated by King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden, and Marshal Guillaume Marie Anne Brune then led 40,000 French, German, Spanish, Italian and Dutch soldiers against the fortress. Fearfully outnumbered, the Swedes abandoned the Baltic Sea port of Stralsund to the Franco-Allies in the action during the War of the Fourth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. As a consequence, Sweden also lost the nearby island of Rügen.
1807년 2월
아일라우 전투
아일라우 전투는 나폴레옹 전쟁 중 러시아의 제4차 대프랑스 동맹 때 벌어진 전투로 프랑스군이 전술적으로 승리했다.
1807년 3월 – 1807년 5월
단치히 공방전 (1807년)
단치히 공방전은 1807년 3월 19일부터 5월 24일까지 나폴레옹 전쟁의 제4차 대동맹 전쟁 기간때 프랑스군이 단치히를 포위 함락시킨 사건을 일컫는다. 1807년 3월 19일 르페브르 원수(Marshall Lefebvre) 휘하 약 27,000명의 프랑스군은 칼크로이트 원수(Marshall Kalckreuth) 휘하의 프로이센과 러시아 연합군 11,000명이 지키고 있는 오늘날 폴란드의 도시 단치히를 공격하였다.
1807년 3월 – 1807년 7월
Siege of Kolberg (1807)
The siege of Kolberg took place from March to 2 July 1807 during the War of the Fourth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. An army of the First French Empire and several foreign troops of France besieged the fortified town of Kolberg, the only remaining Prussian-held fortress in the Province of Pomerania. The siege was unsuccessful and was lifted upon the announcement of the Peace of Tilsit.
1807년 6월
프리틀란트 전투
프리틀란트 전투(영어: Battle of Friedland)는 나폴레옹 보나파르트가 프로이센의 프리틀란트에서 러시아 제국군을 전술적 천재성을 보여주며 무찌르고 대승을 거둔 전투이다.
1807년 6월
Battle of Heilsberg
The Battle of Heilsberg took place on 10 June [O.S. 29 May] 1807 off the town of Heilsberg, during the Napoleonic Wars. In it, Joachim Murat's French troops began the offensive on Leonty (Levin) Bennigsen's Russian force ahead of schedule. The opponents fought until nightfall, by which time the French attacks had produced no results. They concluded an operational armistice. Napoleon, French supreme commander, intended to bring up more forces and continue the encounter, but Bennigsen eluded this, heading towards Königsberg. Due to Bennigsen's illness, corps-level commander Andrei Gorchakov temporarily replaced him during the action until the very end of it. Napoleon also arrived on the battlefield, but it was Murat who initiated the battle.
1807년 7월
Battle of Athos
The Battle of Athos took place on 1–2 July 1807New Style as a part of the Napoleonic Wars during the Russo-Turkish War of 1806–1812. The Russian squadron under Vice Admiral Dmitry Senyavin defeated Kapudan Pasha Seydi Ali's Ottoman Turkish squadron.
1807년 8월 – 1807년 9월
Battle of Copenhagen (1807)
The Battle of Copenhagen occurred between 16 August and 7 September 1807 during the Napoleonic Wars. British forces bombarded the Danish capital of Copenhagen in order to capture or destroy the Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy. Following the Danish surrender, most of their navy was seized by the British and taken to England. The battle led to the outbreak of the Anglo-Danish Gunboat War, and the Anglo-Russian War of 1807–1812.
1808년 6월
Battles of El Bruch
The two battles of the Bruch were engagements fought successively, at El Bruc, near Barcelona, Catalonia, on 6 and 14 June 1808, during the Peninsular War, by French troops commanded by Brigadier General François de Schwarz and General of Division Joseph Chabran against Spanish volunteers and mercenaries led by General Antoni Franch i Estalella and Joan Baget.
1808년 6월
Battle of Cabezón
The Battle of Cabezón was an engagement early in the Peninsular War on 12 June 1808 between Spain's Army of Castile, under Cuesta, based at Valladolid, and detachments of Marshal Bessières' French Army Corps under generals General Lasalle and Merle. Lasalle occupied Valladolid without opposition that same evening.
1808년 6월 – 1808년 8월
Siege of Zaragoza (1808)
The siege of Zaragoza was a bloody struggle in the Peninsular War. A French army under General Lefebvre-Desnouettes and subsequently commanded by General Jean-Antoine Verdier besieged, repeatedly stormed, and was repulsed from the Spanish city of Zaragoza in the summer of 1808.
1808년 6월
First Siege of Girona (Peninsular War)
The first siege of Girona during the Peninsular War, also called the battle of Gerona, took place from 20 to 21 June 1808, when an Imperial French division led by Guillaume Philibert Duhesme try to overrun a Spanish garrison commanded by Lieutenant Colonels O'Donovan and O'Daly. The French assault failed and the attackers withdrew.
1808년 7월
Battle of Bailén
The Battle of Bailén was fought in 1808 between the Spanish Army's Army of Andalusia, under General Francisco Javier Castaños and the French Imperial Army's 2nd Gironde Observational Corps under Divisional-General Pierre Dupont de l'Étang. The first open-field defeat of a Napoleonic army, the battle's heaviest fighting took place near Bailén, a village by the Guadalquivir river in the Jaén province of southern Spain.
1808년 7월
메디나 델 리오 세코 전투
메디나 데 리오 세코 전투는 반도 전쟁(Peninsular War) 기간 1808년 7월 14일 벌어진 전투로 구 카스티야 령(Old Castile)을 지키던 유일한 전력인 스페인군이 프랑스군에게 패한 사건이다.
1808년 8월
Battle of Vimeiro
In the Battle of Vimeiro on 21 August 1808, the British under General Arthur Wellesley defeated the French under Major-General Jean-Andoche Junot near the village of Vimeiro, near Lisbon, Portugal, during the Peninsular War. This battle put an end to the first French invasion of Portugal.
1808년 8월
Battle of Roliça
At the Battle of Roliça, the first battle fought by the British army during the Peninsular War, an Anglo-Portuguese army under Sir Arthur Wellesley defeated an outnumbered Imperial French division under General of Division Henri François Delaborde, near the village of Roliça in Portugal. The French retired in good order.
1808년 11월
Battle of Somosierra
The Battle of Somosierra took place on 30 November 1808, during the Peninsular War, when a combined Franco-Napoleonic Spanish-Polish force under the direct command of Napoleon I forced a passage through a Spanish division stationed at the Sierra de Guadarrama, which shielded Madrid from direct French attack. At the Somosierra mountain pass, 60 miles (97 km) north of Madrid, a heavily outnumbered Spanish detachment of regulars, volunteers and artillery under Benito de San Juan attempted to block Napoleon's advance onto Madrid. Napoleon overwhelmed the Spanish positions in a combined arms attack, sending the Polish Chevau-légers of the Imperial Guard at the Spanish guns while French infantry advanced up the slopes. The victory removed the last obstacle barring the road to Madrid, which fell a few days later.
1808년 11월
Battle of Tudela
The Battle of Tudela saw an Imperial French army led by Marshal Jean Lannes attack a Spanish army under General Castaños. The battle resulted in the complete victory of the Imperial forces over their adversaries. The combat occurred near Tudela in Navarre, Spain during the Peninsular War, part of a wider conflict known as the Napoleonic Wars.
1808년 11월
Battle of Espinosa de los Monteros
The Battle of Espinosa de los Monteros took place during the Napoleonic Wars, on 10 and 11 November 1808 at the village of Espinosa de los Monteros in the Cantabrian Mountains. It resulted in a French victory under Marshal Victor against Lieutenant General Joaquín Blake's Army of Galicia.
1808년 11월
Battle of Valmaseda
The Battle of Valmaseda took place on 5 November 1808, during Lieutenant-General Blake's retreat from superior French armies in northern Spain. Reinforced by veteran regular infantry from General La Romana's Division of the North, Blake's force suddenly turned on its pursuers and ambushed Marshal Victor's errant vanguard under Général de division Villatte.
1808년 11월
Battle of Gamonal
The Battle of Gamonal was fought on 10 November 1808, during the Peninsular War in the village of Gamonal near Burgos, Spain. A French army under Soult overwhelmed the outnumbered Spanish troops under General Belvedere, opening central Spain, including Madrid, to invasion.
1808년 12월 – 1809년 2월
Siege of Zaragoza (1809)
The siege of Zaragoza was the French capture of the Spanish city of Zaragoza in 1809 during the Peninsular War. It was particularly noted for its brutality. The city was heavily outnumbered against the French. Afterwards, a great part of the city lay in ruins, and the garrison had suffered 24,000 deaths along with 30,000 civilians deaths.
1808년 12월
Battle of Molins de Rei
The Battle of Molins de Rei or Battle of Molins de Rey or Battle of Molins del Rey saw an Imperial French corps led by Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr attack a Spanish army temporarily led by Theodor von Reding and the Conde de Caldagues because its commander Juan Miguel de Vives y Feliu was absent. Saint-Cyr outmaneuvered his opponents, distracting them with a false attack in front while sending the bulk of his force across Llobregat River in a turning movement around the Spanish right flank. The Spanish defensive lines crumbled and the French captured 1,200 soldiers, all the Spanish artillery and Caldagues himself. The Peninsular War engagement was fought near Molins de Rei, located 15 kilometres (9 mi) west of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
1808년 12월
Battle of Sahagún
The Battle of Sahagún was fought on 21 December 1808 during the Peninsular War. 400 hussars of the British Army under Lieutenant-general Lord Paget defeated 800 French Imperial Army cavalrymen led by Brigade-general César Alexandre Debelle at the town of Sahagún, Spain. The battle was fought as part of the entry into Spain of a British army under Lieutenant-general Sir John Moore. Paget's force suffered four killed and 21 wounded while Debelle's suffered 20 killed or wounded and more than 313 captured.
1809년 1월
Battle of Corunna
The Battle of Corunna, in Spain known as Battle of Elviña, took place on 16 January 1809, when a French corps under Marshal of the Empire Jean de Dieu Soult attacked a British army under Lieutenant-General Sir John Moore. The battle took place during the Peninsular War, which was part of the wider Napoleonic Wars.
1809년 3월
Battle of Medellín
In the Peninsular War, the Battle of Medellín was fought on 28 March 1809 and resulted in a victory of the French under Marshal Victor against the Spanish under General Don Gregorio Garcia de la Cuesta. The battle marked the first major effort by the French to occupy Southern Spain, a feat mostly completed with the victory at the Battle of Ocaña later in the year.
1809년 4월
Battle of Abensberg
The Battle of Abensberg took place on 20 April 1809 between a Franco-German force under the command of Emperor Napoleon I of France and a reinforced Austrian corps led by Feldmarschall-Leutnant Archduke Louis of Austria. As the day wore on, Feldmarschall-Leutnant Johann von Hiller arrived with reinforcements to take command of the three corps that formed the Austrian left wing. The action ended in a complete Franco-German victory. The battlefield was southeast of Abensberg and included clashes at Offenstetten, Biburg-Siegenburg, Rohr in Niederbayern, and Rottenburg an der Laaber. On the same day, the French garrison of Regensburg capitulated.
1809년 4월
Battle of Raszyn (1809)
The Battle of Raszyn was fought on 19 April 1809 between armies of the Austrian Empire under Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph of Austria-Este and the Duchy of Warsaw under Józef Antoni Poniatowski, as part of the War of the Fifth Coalition in the Napoleonic Wars. The battle was not decisive, but it did result in the Austrians obtaining their goal by capturing the Polish capital Warsaw.
1809년 4월
Battle of Ratisbon
The Battle of Ratisbon, also called the Battle of Regensburg, was a meeting engagement fought on 23 April 1809, during the Napoleonic Wars, between the army of the French Empire, led by Napoleon I, and that of the Austrian Empire, led by Archduke Charles. Scene of the last engagement of the Bavaria phase of the campaign of 1809, the brief defense of the city and installation of a pontoon bridge to the east enabled the retreating Austrian army to escape into Bohemia. During the assault, Marshal Jean Lannes led his troops up ladders onto the walls, and Napoleon was wounded in his ankle by a small artillery round. The shot had been fired at great distance and did not severely hurt the Emperor, but caused a contusion.
1809년 4월
Battle of Landshut (1809)
The Battle of Landshut took place on 21 April 1809 between the French, Württembergers and Bavarians under Napoleon which numbered about 60,000 strong, and 40,000 Austrians under the General Johann von Hiller. The Austrians, though outnumbered, fought hard until Napoleon arrived, when the battle subsequently became a clear French victory. This battle was preceded by the first battle of Landshut between Archduke Louis's vanguard under Joseph Radetzky and Bernhard Deroy's Bavarian III Division, in which the Austrians forced the Bavarians to retreat, with little loss on both sides.
1809년 4월
Battle of Sacile
The Battle of Sacile on 16 April 1809 and its companion Clash at Pordenone on 15 April saw an Austrian army commanded by Archduke John of Austria defeat a Franco-Italian army led by Eugène de Beauharnais and force it to retreat. Sacile proved to be the most notable victory of John's career. The action took place east of the Livenza River near Sacile in modern-day Italy during the War of the Fifth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars.
1809년 4월
Battle of Teugen–Hausen
The Battle of Teugen–Hausen or the Battle of Thann was an engagement that occurred during the War of the Fifth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. The battle was fought on 19 April 1809 between the French III Corps led by Marshal Louis-Nicolas Davout and the Austrian III Armeekorps commanded by Prince Friedrich Franz Xaver of Hohenzollern-Hechingen. When the Austrians withdrew that evening, the French won a hard-fought victory over their opponents. The site of the battle is a wooded height approximately halfway between the villages of Teugn and Hausen in Lower Bavaria, part of modern-day Germany.
1809년 4월
Battle of the Basque Roads
The Battle of the Basque Roads, also known as the Battle of Aix Roads, was a major naval battle of the Napoleonic Wars, fought in the narrow Basque Roads at the mouth of the Charente River on the Biscay coast of France. The battle, which lasted from 11 to 24 April 1809, was unusual in that it pitted a hastily assembled squadron of small and unorthodox British Royal Navy warships against the main strength of the French Atlantic Fleet. The circumstances were dictated by the cramped, shallow coastal waters in which the battle was fought. The battle is also notorious for its controversial political aftermath in both Britain and France.
1809년 5월
아스페른-에슬링 전투
아스페른-에슬링 전투는 1809년 5월 21일에서 5월 22일 사이에 벌어진 전투로 빈 근처에서 나폴레옹이 도나우강을 건너기 위해 시도한 전투이다. 그러나 프랑스와 그 동맹군은 카를 대공 휘하의 오스트리아군의 공격에 의해 물러나야만 했다. 이 전투는 10년 동안 진 적이 없던 나폴레옹이 직접 지휘한 프랑스군이 최초로 패배한 전투로 기록되어 있다.
1809년 5월
Battle of Piave River (1809)
The Battle of Piave River was fought on 8 May 1809 between the Franco-Italian army under the command of Eugène de Beauharnais and an Austrian army led by Archduke John of Austria. The Austrian commander made a stand behind the Piave River but he suffered a defeat at the hands of his numerically superior foes. The combat took place near Nervesa della Battaglia, Italy during the War of the Fifth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars.
1809년 5월
Battle of Ebelsberg
The Battle of Ebelsberg, known in French accounts as the Battle of Ebersberg, was fought on 3 May 1809 during the War of the Fifth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. The Austrian left wing under the command of Johann von Hiller took up positions at Ebersberg on the Traun river. The French under André Masséna attacked, crossing a heavily defended 550-meter-long bridge and subsequently conquering the local castle, thus forcing Hiller to withdraw. Ebelsberg is now a southern suburb of Linz, situated on the south bank of the Traun, a short distance above the place where that stream flows into the Danube River.
1809년 5월
제2차 포르투 전투
제2차 포르투 전투(영어: Battle of Porto, 오폴토 라고도 함. 혹은 도루 전투 라고도 한다.)는 아서 웰즐리(Arthur Wellesley 훗날의 웰링턴 공작 장군이 이끄는 영국군이 포르투를 점령하고 니콜라 술트 원수가 지휘하는 프랑스 군을 물리친 전투로 1809년 5월 12일 벌어졌다. 4월 22일 스페인에서 영국군의 지휘권을 인수한 아서 웰즐리는 즉각적으로 포르투로 진격하여 도우로 강을 건너 프랑스군을 기습하였다. 이로 인해 술트는 큰 피해를 입고 도시에서 물러나는 수밖에 없었다.
1809년 5월 – 1809년 12월
Third siege of Girona (Peninsular War)
The third siege of Girona occurred in northern Catalonia, Spain from 6 May to 12 December 1809, during the Napoleonic Wars. A significant event of the Peninsular War, France's Grande Armée lay siege to the town of Girona for seven months. Girona was strategically important because it controlled the main road between France and Spain.
1809년 6월
Battle of Raab (1809)
The Battle of Raab or Battle of Győr was fought on 14 June 1809 during the Napoleonic Wars, between Franco-Italian forces and Habsburg forces. Most of the Habsburg army consisted of poorly trained Landwehr and militia. The battle was fought near Győr, Kingdom of Hungary, and ended in a Franco-Italian victory. The victory prevented Archduke John of Austria from bringing any significant force to the Battle of Wagram, while Prince Eugène de Beauharnais's force was able to link up with Emperor Napoleon at Vienna in time to fight at Wagram. Napoleon referred to the battle as "a granddaughter of Marengo and Friedland", as it fell on the anniversary of those two battles.
1809년 7월
바그람 전투
바그람 전투(Die Schlacht bei Wagram)는 나폴레옹 전쟁 당시에 나폴레옹이 오스트리아 빈 근교 바그람에서 오스트리아군을 무찌르고 대승을 거둔 전투이다. 오스트리아는 결국 1809년 10월 14일에 쇤부른 조약을 맺어 제5차 대프랑스 동맹의 끝을 알렸다.
1809년 7월
Battle of Talavera
The Battle of Talavera was fought just outside the town of Talavera de la Reina, Spain some 120 kilometres (75 mi) southwest of Madrid, during the Peninsular War. At Talavera, a British army under Sir Arthur Wellesley combined with a Spanish army under General Gregorio García de la Cuesta fought in operations against French-occupied Madrid. At nightfall, the French army withdrew a short distance after several of its attacks had been repulsed; the allies, having suffered comparable casualties to the French, made no attempt to pursue.
1809년 7월
Battle of Znaim
Following defeat at the Battle of Wagram, Archduke Charles retreated north into Bohemia hoping to regroup his battered forces. The French army had also suffered in the battle and did not give immediate pursuit. But two days after the battle, Napoleon ordered his troops north intending to defeat the Austrians once and for all. The French eventually caught up the Austrians at Znaim on 10 July 1809. Realising they were in no position to give battle, the Austrians proposed a ceasefire as Archduke Charles went to begin peace negotiations with Napoleon.
1809년 8월
Battle of Almonacid
The Battle of Almonacid was fought on 11 August 1809 during the Peninsular War between Sébastiani's IV Corps of the French Peninsular Army, which King Joseph of Spain had withdrawn from the Battle of Talavera to defend Madrid, and the Spanish Army of La Mancha under General Venegas. After the decisive charges of Polish uhlans, the battle resulted in a French victory.
1809년 11월
Battle of Ocaña
The Battle of Ocaña was fought on 19 November 1809 between French forces under Marshal Jean-de-Dieu Soult against the Spanish army under General Juan Carlos Aréizaga, which suffered its greatest single defeat in the Peninsular War.
1810년 2월 – 1812년 8월
Siege of Cádiz
The French army besieged the large Spanish naval base of Cádiz from 5 February 1810 to 24 August 1812 during the Peninsular War. Following the occupation of Seville, Cádiz became the Spanish seat of power, and was targeted by 70,000 French troops under the command of the Marshals Claude Victor and Jean-de-Dieu Soult for one of the most important sieges of the war. Defending the city were 2,000 Spanish troops who, as the siege progressed, received aid from 10,000 Spanish reinforcements as well as British and Portuguese troops.
1810년 9월
Battle of Bussaco
The Battle of Buçaco or Bussaco was fought on 27 September 1810 during the Peninsular War in the Portuguese mountain range of Serra do Buçaco, resulting in the defeat of French forces by Lord Wellington's Anglo-Portuguese Army. Having occupied the heights of Bussaco with a total of 26,843 British and 25,429 Portuguese troops, Wellington was attacked five times successively by invasion force of 65,050 French under Marshal André Masséna. Masséna was uncertain as to the disposition and strength of the opposing forces because Wellington had deployed them on the reverse slope of the ridge, where they could neither be easily seen nor easily softened up with artillery.
1811년 2월
Battle of the Gebora
The Battle of the Gebora took place during the Peninsular War between Spanish and French armies on 19 February 1811, northwest of Badajoz, Spain. An outnumbered French force routed and nearly destroyed the Spanish Army of Extremadura.
1811년 3월
Battle of Lissa (1811)
The Battle of Lissa, also known as the Battle of Vis, was a naval action fought between a British frigate squadron and a much larger squadron of French and Italian frigates and smaller vessels on Wednesday, 13 March 1811 during the Adriatic campaign of the Napoleonic Wars. The engagement was fought in the Adriatic Sea for possession of the strategically important Croatian island of Vis, from which the British squadron had been disrupting French shipping in the Adriatic. The French needed to control the Adriatic to supply a growing army in the Illyrian Provinces and consequently dispatched an invasion force in March 1811 consisting of six frigates, numerous smaller craft and a battalion of Italian troops.
1811년 3월
Battle of Barrosa
The Battle of Barrosa was part of an unsuccessful manoeuvre by an Anglo-Iberian force to break the French siege of Cádiz during the Peninsular War. During the battle, a single British division defeated two French divisions and captured a regimental eagle.
1811년 5월
Battle of Albuera
The Battle of Albuera was a battle during the Peninsular War. A mixed British, Spanish and Portuguese corps engaged elements of the French armée du Midi at the small Spanish village of Albuera, about 20 kilometres (12 mi) south of the frontier fortress-town of Badajoz, Spain.
1811년 5월
Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro
The Battle of Fuentes de Oñoro was a military engagement that took place from 3–5 May 1811 during the Peninsular War. An Anglo-Portuguese Army under Wellington checked an attempt by the French Army of Portugal under Marshal André Masséna to relieve the besieged city of Almeida. The French defeat at Fuentes de Oñoro, in addition to the steadfastness of the allies and the formidable high ground and fortified position held by Wellesley, was further facilitated by the poor cooperation between Masséna and his subordinates. As Wellington stated, if Napoleon had been at Fuentes, "we should have been beat."
1812년 1월
Siege of Ciudad Rodrigo (1812)
The siege of Ciudad Rodrigo was the successful investment of the French-occupied city of Ciudad Rodrigo by Lord Wellington's Anglo-Portuguese Army from 7–20 January 1812. Wellington's army, which numbered up to 40,000 men, faced a small French garrison of 1,800 troops under the command of Jean Léonard Barrié. After two breaches were blasted in the city's walls by heavy artillery units of the Royal Artillery, the successful storming of Ciudad Rodrigo was conducted by British troops on the evening of 19 January. After overcoming the French defenders, the attacking troops went on a rampage for several hours before order was restored. The Anglo-Portuguese Army suffered casualties of about 1,700 men, including two generals killed. Strategically, the fall of the city opened the northern gateway into French-occupied Spain from Portugal.
1812년 2월
Battle of Pirano
The Battle of Pirano on 22 February 1812 was a minor naval action of the Adriatic campaign of the Napoleonic Wars fought between a British and a French ship of the line in the vicinity of the towns of Pirano and Grado in Adriatic Sea. The French Rivoli, named for Napoleon's victory 15 years earlier, had been recently completed at Venice. The French naval authorities intended her to bolster French forces in the Adriatic, following a succession of defeats in the preceding year.
1812년 3월 – 1812년 4월
Siege of Badajoz (1812)
In the siege of Badajoz, also called the third siege of Badajoz, an Anglo-Portuguese Army under the command of the Arthur Wellesley, the Earl of Wellington besieged Badajoz, Spain, and forced the surrender of the French garrison. The siege was one of the bloodiest in the Napoleonic Wars and was considered a costly victory by the British, with some 4,800 Allied soldiers killed or wounded in a few short hours of intense fighting during the storming of the breaches as the siege drew to an end. Enraged at the huge number of casualties they suffered in seizing the city, the troops broke into houses and stores consuming vast quantities of alcohol with many of them then going on a rampage, threatening their officers and ignoring their commands to desist, and even killing several. It took three days before the men were brought back into order. When order was restored, an estimated 200–300 civilians had been killed or injured.
1812년 7월
Battle of Salamanca
The Battle of Salamanca took place on 22 July 1812. An Anglo-Portuguese army under the Earl of Wellington defeated Marshal Auguste Marmont's French forces at Arapiles, south of Salamanca, Spain, during the Peninsular War. A Spanish division was also present but took no part in the battle.
1812년 7월
Battle of Saltanovka
The Battle of Saltanovka, also known as the Battle of Mogilev, took place on 23 July 1812 during the early stages of the 1812 French invasion of Russia.
1812년 7월
Battle of Mir (1812)
The Battle of Mir took place on 9 and 10 July 1812 during Napoleon's invasion of Russia. Three Polish Lancers divisions battled against Russian cavalry, ending in the first major Russian victory in the war.
1812년 7월
Battle of Ostrovno
The Battle of Ostrovno was a military engagement that took place on 25 July 1812, between French forces under the command of King of Naples Joachim Murat and Russian forces under General Ostermann-Tolstoy and ended with the Russian forces retreating from the battlefield.
1812년 8월
Battle of Smolensk (1812)
The Battle of Smolensk was the first major battle of the French invasion of Russia. It took place on 16–18 August 1812 and involved about 45,000 men of the Grande Armée under Emperor Napoleon I against about 30,000 Russian troops under General Barclay de Tolly. Napoleon occupied Smolensk by driving out Prince Pyotr Bagration's Second Army. The French artillery bombardment burned the city to the ground. Of 2,250 buildings, 84% were destroyed with only 350 surviving intact. Of the city's 15,000 inhabitants, about 1,000 were left at the end of the battle inside the smoking ruins. With over 15,000 casualties, it was one of the bloodiest battles of the invasion.
1812년 8월
First Battle of Polotsk
In the First Battle of Polotsk, which took place on 17–18 August 1812, Russian troops under the command of Peter Wittgenstein fought French and Bavarian troops led by Nicolas Oudinot near the city of Polotsk, halting Oudinot's advance toward Saint Petersburg once more as at the Battle of Klyastitsy. It was a strategic Russian success, but tactically the battle ended in a draw. The First Battle of Polotsk should be distinguished from the Second Battle of Polotsk which took place during the same campaign two months later.
1812년 9월
보로디노 전투
보로디노 전투(러시아어: Бородинская битва, Borodinskaya bitva; 프랑스어: Bataille de la Moskowa는 1812년 9월 7일 러시아 원정 중 하루 동안의 전투에서 가장 거대하고, 많은 피를 흘렸던 전투이다. 양쪽 합쳐 250,000-350,000명의 군대가 뒤엉켜 싸운 끝에 최소한 70,000명의 사상자가 생겼다. 황제 나폴레옹 1세의 지휘하의 프랑스 대육군은 미하일 쿠투조프 장군의 러시아 제국군을 모쟈이스크 서쪽 보로디노 마을 근처에서 공격해 전장의 주요 위치를 마침내 점령했지만 그러나 러시아 군을 격파하는데 실패했다. 대략 나폴레옹의 병사 ⅓ 이 죽거나 다쳤고, 러시아의 피해는 이것보다 더 무거웠지만 러시아의 거대한 인구는 이를 원래의 위치로 되돌려 놓았다. 1주일 뒤, 나폴레옹이 모스크바에 입성하게 되었다.
1812년 10월
Battle of Maloyaroslavets
The Battle of Maloyaroslavets took place on 24 October 1812 as part of the French invasion of Russia. Armies were evenly matched in the battle and suffered similar casualties, with a marginal edge going to the Franco-Italian army. It was Mikhail Kutuzov's decisive battle to force Napoleon to retreat northwest over Mozhaisk to Smolensk on the devastated route of his advance with a higher probability of starvation. Kutuzov's next attack against the remnants of the Grande Armée, the Battle of Krasnoi, began on 15 November 1812, three weeks later.
1812년 10월
타루티노 전투
타루티노 전투(러시아어: Тарутинo)는 나폴레옹의 러시아 원정의 전투 중 하나이다. 이 전투는 주변에 있던 강의 이름을 따서 빈코보 전투(Battle of Vinkovo) 혹은 체르니쉬냐 전투(Battle of Chernishnya)라고 불리기도 한다. 많은 역사가들이 타루티노 전투라는 명칭보다는 후자의 명칭들이 더 적절하다고 평가하곤 하는데, 그것은 타루티노 마을은 이 전투가 벌어진 곳에서 8km 정도 떨어져 있었기 때문이다. 타루티노 전투에서 베니히센(Bennigsen)이 지휘하는 러시아군은 조아생 뮈라(Joachim Murat)가 지휘하는 프랑스군을 격퇴하였다.
1812년 10월
Second Battle of Polotsk
The Second Battle of Polotsk took place during Napoleon's invasion of Russia. In this encounter the Russians under General Peter Wittgenstein attacked and defeated a Franco-Bavarian force under Laurent Gouvion Saint-Cyr. In the aftermath of this success, the Russians took Polotsk and dismantled Napoleon's operations in Belarus. Wittgenstein's victory set the stage for the Battle of Berezina in November, in which three Russian armies converged on Napoleon from separate directions.
1812년 11월
Battle of Berezina
The Battle of (the) Berezina took place from 26 to 29 November 1812, between Napoleon's Grande Armée and the Imperial Russian Army under Field Marshal Wittgenstein and Admiral Chichagov. Napoleon was retreating toward Poland in chaos after the aborted occupation of Moscow and trying to cross the Berezina River at Borisov. The outcome of the battle was inconclusive as, despite heavy losses, Napoleon managed to cross the river and continue his retreat with the surviving remnants of his army.
1812년 11월
Battle of Krasnoi
The Battle of Krasnoi unfolded from 15 to 18 November 1812 marking a critical episode in Napoleon's arduous retreat from Moscow. Over the course of six skirmishes the Russian forces under Field Marshal Kutuzov inflicted significant blows from a prepared ambush upon the remnants of the Grande Armée, already severely weakened by attrition warfare. These confrontations, though not escalated into full-scale battles, led to substantial losses for the French due to their depleted weapons and horses.
1812년 11월
뱌지마 전투
뱌지마 전투는 1812년 11월 3일 발발한 전투로 나폴레옹이 모스크바(Moscow)에서 퇴각을 실시했을 때 일어났다. 대육군(Grande Armee)의 후위 부대는 미하일 안드레예비치 밀로라도비치(Mikhail Andreyevich Miloradovich) 장군이 지휘하는 러시아 군과 마주쳐, 패하였다. 비록 프랑스군은 밀로라도비치가 루이 니콜라 다부(Louis Nicolas Davout) 휘하의 군단을 포위 격멸하려는 시도를 저지하지만, 프랑스군은 러시아군의 계속적인 공격으로 인하여 상당한 피해를 입은 후에 혼란에 빠져 불리한 상태로 물러나야 했다.
1813년 4월 – 1813년 11월
German campaign of 1813
The German campaign was fought in 1813. Members of the Sixth Coalition, including the German states of Austria and Prussia, plus Russia and Sweden, fought a series of battles in Germany against the French Emperor Napoleon, his marshals, and the armies of the Confederation of the Rhine – an alliance of most of the other German states, – which ended the domination of the First French Empire.
1813년 5월
뤼첸 전투 (1813년)
뤼첸 전투는 1813년 5월 2일 벌어진 전투로 러시아에서 프랑스군이 대패한 이후 거침없이 진격하던 제6차 대프랑스 동맹군의 일원이었던 프로이센과 러시아 연합군을 함정에 빠트려 격파한 전투이다. 러시아군의 사령관 표트르 비트겐슈타인 공(Prince Peter Wittgenstein)은 나폴레옹의 라이프치히(Leipzig) 공격을 무위로 돌리기 위해 독일의 뤼첸(Lützen)에서 나폴레옹의 군대를 공격하였다. 치열한 격전 끝에 프로이센-러시아 연합군은 퇴각했으나, 프랑스군에는 기병대가 별로 없었기 때문에 퇴각하는 프로이센-러시아 연합군을 추격하여 타격을 줄 수 없었다.
1813년 5월
바우첸 전투
바우첸 전투는 1813년 5월 20일부터 21일까지 러시아-프로이센 연합군이 나폴레옹이 지휘하는 프랑스군에게 패하였다. 이 전투에서 연합군은 다행히 전멸을 면했는데, 일부 사료에 의하면 미셸 네(Michel Ney)가 연합군의 퇴각을 저지하는 데 실패했기 때문이라고 한다. 게프하르트 폰 블뤼허 백작 휘하의 프로이센군과 표트르 비트겐슈타인(Peter Wittgenstein)공 휘하의 러시아군은 뤼첸(Lützen) 전투에서 패한 뒤 퇴각 후 재정비하던 와중에 프랑스의 황제 나폴레옹 1세가 지휘하는 프랑스군에게 공격당했다.
1813년 6월
비토리아 전투
비토리아 전투(1813년 6월 21일)에서 웰링턴 후작이 이끄는 영국, 포르투갈, 스페인 연합군은 스페인의 비토리아 근처에서 조제프 보나파르트 국왕과 장바티스트 주르당 원수가 이끄는 프랑스군을 격파하여 결국 반도 전쟁에서 승리하는 계기가 되었다.
1813년 7월 – 1813년 9월
Siege of San Sebastián
The siege of San Sebastián took place between 7 July and 8 September 1813, during the Peninsular War. Allied British and Portuguese forces under the command of Thomas Graham captured the city by assault after a lengthy siege, which followed a failed earlier siege and attack under the lead of Arthur Wellesley, Marquess of Wellington. The successful assault carried out by Graham forced the surrender of the defending French garrison under Louis Emmanuel Rey. Having broken into the town during the final assault, the allied soldiers rampaged out of control through San Sebastián, abusing and murdering many of its civilian inhabitants and setting fire to many of the city's buildings.
1813년 8월
드레스덴 전투
드레스덴 전투는 1813년 8월 26일에서 27일 동안 독일에서 벌어진 전투로 나폴레옹 휘하의 프랑스군이 야전원수 슈바르첸베르크(Schwartzenberg) 휘하의 제6차 대프랑스 동맹 소속 오스트리아, 러시아, 프로이센 연합군을 격파하였다. 그러나 나폴레옹의 승리는 이 전투의 대승에도 불구하고 완벽하지 않았다. 전투 후에 지속적인 추격이 이루어지지 않았고, 며칠 후 프랑스 군의 측면을 담당하는 부대가 포위되어 쿨름 전투에서 항복해 버렸기 때문이다.
1813년 8월
쿨름 전투
쿨름 전투는 북부 보헤미아에 있는 프르제스타노프(Přestanov) 마을과 쿨름(Kulm, 흘루메츠 ) 근교에서 벌어진 전투이다. 이 전투는 제6차 대프랑스 동맹의 전투 중 하나로 1813년 8월 29일부터 다음날 30일까지 벌어졌다. 도미니크 방담(Dominique Vandamme) 휘하의 프랑스 군 32,000명은 바클라이 드 톨리(Barclay de Tolly) 휘하의 오스트리아-러시아-프로이센 연합군 54,000명을 공격했으나 패배하고 양측 모두 상당한 피해를 입었다.
1813년 8월
그로스베렌 전투
그로스베렌 전투는 블란켄펠트(Blankenfield)와 스푸텐도르프Sputendorf) 근교에서 이전 프랑스 원수(Marshal of France)였던 스웨덴의 카를 요한 왕세자(Crown Prince Charles John) 휘하의 프로이센-스웨덴 연합군이 우디노(Oudinot) 원수 휘하의 프랑스군을 격파한 전투이다. 나폴레옹은 프로이센의 수도를 점령함으로써 프로이센을 제6차 대프랑스 동맹에서 이탈시키려 하였으나 베를린 남부가 비로 인해 질퍽해져 군대의 이동이 힘들어지고, 원수의 건강도 나빠져 프랑스군은 옴짝달싹 못하게 되었다.
1813년 8월
카츠바흐 전투
카츠바흐 전투는 1813년 8월 26일 나폴레옹 전쟁때 벌어진 전투로 마크도날 원수(Marshal MacDonald) 휘하의 프랑스 군과 폰 블뤼허 백작(Graf von Blücher) 휘하의 제6차 대프랑스 동맹의 러시아-프로이센 연합군이 우연하게 전투를 벌인 사건이다. 이 전투는 폭풍우가 치던 날 프로이센의 슐레지엔(Silesia)에 있는 발슈타트(Wahlstatt)와 리그니츠(Liegnitz)사이에 있는 카츠바흐 강에서 벌어졌다. 전투가 벌어진 날짜는 드레스덴 전투(Battle of Dresden)가 벌어진 날과 동일하며 여기서 프랑스군은 패했다.
1813년 8월
Battle of San Marcial
The Battle of San Marcial took place on 31 August 1813 near Irún, close to the Franco-Spanish border, as part of the Peninsular War. The Spanish Army of Galicia under Manuel Freire de Andrade repulsed a French attack led by Jean-de-Dieu Soult. The battle was named after the heights of San Marcial which were held by the Spanish.
1813년 9월
데네비츠 전투
데네비츠 전투(독일어: Schlacht von Dennewitz)는 1813년 9월 6일 프랑스 제국과 제6차 대프랑스 동맹의 프로이센-러시아 연합군 사이에 벌어진 전투이다.
1813년 10월
라이프치히 전투
라이프치히 전투(독일어: Völkerschlacht bei Leipzig)는 1813년 10월 16일부터 19일까지 벌어졌으며, 나폴레옹 보나파르트(Napoleon Bonaparte)가 겪은 가장 결정적인 패배 중 하나이다. 제국민 전투 혹은 제국민 전쟁, 국가 간 전투(Battle of the Nations)라고도 불린다. 라이프치히 전투는 독일에서 벌어졌고, 전투를 벌인 양측에 독일 출신 병사들이 참전해 있었다. 프로이센-오스트리아 병력이 참여한 연합군은 물론 나폴레옹 휘하의 병력에도 라인 연방(Confederation of the Rhine)에서 차출된 병사들이 많은 부분을 차지했기 때문이다. 이 라이프치히 전투는 제1차 세계 대전 이전 가장 규모가 큰 전투로 양측 합쳐 500,000명이 넘는 병력이 참여했다.
1813년 10월
하나우 전투
하나우 전투는 1813년 10월 30일에서 31일에 벌어진 제6차 대프랑스 동맹전쟁의 전투 중 하나로 카를 필리프 폰 브레데(Karl Philipp von Wrede) 휘하의 오스트리아-바이에른 연합군과 퇴각하던 나폴레옹 휘하의 프랑스군이 교전한 사건이다.
1814년 1월
Battle of Brienne
The Battle of Brienne saw an Imperial French army led by Emperor Napoleon attack Prussian and Russian forces commanded by Prussian Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher. After heavy fighting that went on into the night, the French seized a château, nearly capturing Blücher. However, the French were unable to dislodge the Russians from the town of Brienne-le-Château. Napoleon himself, making his first appearance on a battlefield in 1814, was also nearly captured. Very early the next morning, Blücher's troops quietly abandoned the town and retreated to the south, conceding the field to the French.
1814년 2월
샹포베르 전투
샹포베르 전투는 6일 전역의 포문을 연 전투이다. 1814년 2월 10일 나폴레옹이 직접 이끄는 프랑스군과 올수피예프(Olsufiev)가 이끄는 프로이센-러시아 군의 격돌로 이 전투에서 프랑스군은 승리했다.
1814년 2월
샤토티에리 전투
샤토티에리 전투는 1814년 2월 12일 폰 블뤼허(von Blücher) 원수의 프로이센 군과 나폴레옹이 이끄는 프랑스 군 사이에 벌어진 전투이다.
1814년 2월
Battle of La Rothière
The Battle of La Rothière saw the Coalition forces of the Austrian Empire, Russian Empire, Kingdom of Prussia, Kingdom of Bavaria, and Kingdom of Württemberg attack a French army led by Emperor Napoleon. The main Coalition army was under the command of Field Marshal Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg but Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher was given tactical control of the fighting. The Allies defeated the outnumbered and overextended French during a snowfall.
1814년 2월
몽미라일 전투
몽미라일 전투(영어: Battle of Montmirail)는 나폴레옹 전쟁 중 6일 전역 기간 프랑스 몽미라일 근처에서 벌어졌다. 1814년 2월 11일에 벌어진 싸움에서 나폴레옹 보나파르트 지휘하의 프랑스군이 러시아의 파비안 빌헬름 폰 오스텐-작켄(Fabian Wilhelm von Osten-Sacken)장군의 부대와 프로이센의 루트비히 요르크 폰 바텐베르크( Ludwig Yorck von Wartenburg)장군 지휘하의 부대를 상대로 승리를 거두었다.
1814년 2월
보샹 전투
보샹 전투는 나폴레옹 전쟁 중 6일 전역의 마지막 주요 전투이다. 1814년 2월 14일 나폴레옹이 직접 이끄는 18,000명의 프랑스 군은 러시아-프로이센 연합군 30,000명을 격파한다. 동맹군은 포로가 된 5,000명을 비롯해 9,000명의 손실을 입은 반면, 프랑스 군은 800명의 손실을 입었다. 러시아 보병 군단장 카세비치(Kapsevitch) 장군과 프로이센의 군단장 클라이스트(Kleist)가 그루쉬 장군(Grouchy)의 기병대에 의해 포로가 되었다.
1814년 2월
Battle of Montereau
The Battle of Montereau was fought during the War of the Sixth Coalition between an Imperial French army led by Emperor Napoleon and a corps of Austrians and Württembergers commanded by Crown Prince Frederick William of Württemberg. While Napoleon's army mauled an Allied army under Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher, the main Allied army commanded by Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg, advanced to a position dangerously close to Paris. Gathering up his outnumbered forces, Napoleon rushed his soldiers south to deal with Schwarzenberg. Hearing of the approach of the French emperor, the Allied commander ordered a withdrawal, but on 17 February saw his rear guards overrun or brushed aside.
1814년 3월
Battle of Paris (1814)
The Battle of Paris or the Storming of Paris saw the Allied forces of Russia, Austria, Prussia, and Württemberg attack Paris defended by troops of the First French Empire under Joseph Bonaparte. The French soldiers put up a stout resistance at the capital's eastern suburbs on 30 March but were steadily driven back by the overwhelmingly superior Allied forces. Faced with a hopeless situation, Marshals Auguste de Marmont and Édouard Mortier agreed to a ceasefire with the Allies in the late afternoon. The French evacuated Paris on 31 March according to the terms of the convention reached with the Allied leaders Tsar Alexander I of Russia, King Frederick William III of Prussia, and Austrian Field Marshal Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg. This defeat marked the end of the War of the Sixth Coalition and soon forced Emperor Napoleon to abdicate and go into exile.
1814년 3월
Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube
The Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube saw an Imperial French army under Napoleon face a much larger Allied army led by Karl Philipp, Prince of Schwarzenberg during the War of the Sixth Coalition. On the second day of fighting, Emperor Napoleon finally realized he had blundered into battle as he was massively outnumbered, and immediately ordered a masked retreat. By the time the Austrian Field Marshal Schwarzenberg realized Napoleon was retreating, most of the French had already disengaged and the Allied pursuit afterwards failed to prevent the remaining French army from safely withdrawing to the north. This was Napoleon's penultimate battle before his abdication and exile to Elba, the last being the Battle of Saint-Dizier.
1814년 3월
Battle of Laon
The Battle of Laon, fought on March 9–10, 1814, was a pivotal engagement during the waning months of the Napoleonic Wars. Blücher's Prusso-Russian force, occupying a tough defensive position at the town of Laon, repelled attacks by and successfully counterattacked French Emperor Napoleon and his subordinate corps commander, Marshal Marmont.
1814년 3월
Battle of Craonne
The Battle of Craonne was fought between an Imperial French army under Emperor Napoleon I opposing a combined army of Imperial Russians and Prussians led by Prussian Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher. The War of the Sixth Coalition engagement began when the bulk of Napoleon's army tried to drive Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov's 22,000 Russians off the Chemin des Dames plateau to the west of Craonne. After a bitter struggle, Napoleon's attacks compelled Vorontsov's force to withdraw, but French casualties exceeded Russian losses. While the battle raged, Blücher's attempt to turn Napoleon's east flank ended in failure due to poor planning.
1814년 3월
Battle of Reims (1814)
The Battle of Reims was fought at Reims, France between an Imperial French army commanded by Emperor Napoleon and a combined Russian-Prussian corps led by General Emmanuel de Saint-Priest. On the first day, Saint-Priest's Russians and General Friedrich Wilhelm von Jagow's Prussians easily captured Reims from its French National Guard garrison, capturing or killing more than half of its defenders; this event is also mentioned as the storming of Reims. On the second day, an overconfident Saint-Priest carelessly deployed his forces west of the city, not grasping that Napoleon was approaching with 20,000 troops. Too late, Saint-Priest realized who he was fighting and tried to organize a retreat. In the battle that followed, the French army struck with crushing force and the Allies were routed with serious losses. During the fighting, Saint-Priest was struck by a howitzer shell and died two weeks later.
1814년 4월
Battle of Toulouse (1814)
The Battle of Toulouse took place on April 10, 1814, just four days after Napoleon's surrender of the French Empire to the Sixth Coalition, marking one of the final conflicts of the Napoleonic Wars. Having pushed the demoralised and disintegrating French Imperial Army out of Spain in a difficult campaign the previous autumn, the Allied British-Portuguese and Spanish army under Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Marquess of Wellington pursued the war into southern France in the spring of 1814.
1815년 5월
톨렌티노 전투
톨렌티노 전투는 조아킴 뮈라가 나폴레옹의 백일천하를 도와주는 과정에서 발발한 전투이다. 이 전투에서 조아킴 뮈라는 패배하여 몰락하게 된다. 뮈라는 나폴레옹 보나파르트의 여동생이자 아내에 의해 나폴레옹을 배반해 그가 엘바 섬으로 유배되는 데 일조했으나 그 뒤 100일 천하로 나폴레옹이 복귀하자 다시 나폴레옹의 편에 붙어 5월에 오스트리아 제국과 전쟁을 한다.
1815년 6월
워털루 전투
워털루 전투(Battle of Waterloo; 프랑스어: Bataille de Waterloo)는 1815년 6월 18일 오늘날의 벨기에 워털루 인근에서 벌어진 전투다. 나폴레옹 보나파르트가 이끄는 프랑스 북부군은 제7차 대프랑스 동맹의 주요 2개국 군대에게 패배를 당했다. 제1대 웰링턴 공작 아서 웰즐리가 이끄는 영국 주축의 연합군과 게프하르트 레베레히트 폰 블뤼허가 이끄는 프로이센군이 2개국 군대였다. 이 전투로 인해 나폴레옹 전쟁은 완전히 종결된다.
1815년 6월
리니 전투
리니 전투는 1815년 6월 16일 나폴레옹 보나파르트가 이끄는 프랑스 북군과 게프하르트 레베레히트 폰 블뤼허가 이끄는 프로이센군이 오늘날 벨기에 리니에서 맞붙은 전투다. 프랑스군은 프로이센군에 큰 피해를 입혀 전술적 승리를 거두었지만, 프로이센군 다수가 질서를 유지한 채 북쪽으로 후퇴한 뒤 리니 전투에 참여하지 않은 프로이센군과 합류했다. 남은 프로이센군은 워털루 전투와 우아브르 전투에서 중요한 역할을 했다. 일부 학자들은 이 전투를 나폴레옹의 마지막 승리라고 보기도 한다.
1815년 6월
카트르브라 전투
카트르브라 전투는 1815년 6월 16일 워털루 전투의 전초전으로 발생한 전투이다. 이 전투는 전략적 요충지인 카트르브라 일대에서 발생했으며, 아서 웰즐리의 영국 및 동맹국 부대와 미셸 네가 이끄는 보나파르트 나폴레옹의 북군 좌익 부대가 카트레 브라에서 맞붙었다. 아서 웰즐리가 진지를 고수했기 때문에 영국군의 전술적 승리였지만, 리니 전투에서 더 많은 프랑스군을 상대하고 있던 게프하르트 레베레히트 폰 블뤼허의 프로이센군을 지원하지 못했기 때문에 카트르브라 전투는 프랑스군의 전략적 승리였다.
1815년 6월
우아브르 전투
우아브르 전투(Battle of Wavre)는 백일천하 전역과 나폴레옹 전쟁의 마지막 주요 군사 행동이었다. 1815년 6월 18일부터 19일까지 요한 폰 틸만 장군(참모장은 카를 폰 클라우제비츠)이 지휘하는 프로이센 제3군단 후위대와 에마뉘엘 드 그루시 원수가 지휘하는 프랑스군 3개 군단이 전투를 벌였다. 이 저지전은 33,000명의 프랑스군이 워털루에 도달하는 것을 막았고, 따라서 워털루에서 나폴레옹이 패배하는 데 기여했다.
이 땅의 앞뒤 사건
- 1789년바스티유 습격
- 1789년 – 1799년프랑스 혁명
- 1796년제너의 종두법 개발
- 1803년 5월 – 1815년 11월나폴레옹 전쟁이 페이지
- 1815년워털루 전투
- 1830년7월 혁명
- 1830년 – 1831년벨기에 혁명
이 땅을 다스린 나라
역사 국경 데이터(Cliopatria)에서 이곳이 속한 나라입니다. 연도는 데이터 간격(몇 년~100년)만큼 대략적입니다. 누르면 그해 지도로 갑니다.
19개 더 보기
- 1560년 – 1580년스페인
- 1590년 – 1630년이베리아 연합
- 1640년 – 1700년스페인
- 1710년 – 1790년합스부르크 군주국
- 1800년프랑스 통령정부이 페이지
- 1805년 – 1810년프랑스 제1제국
- 1815년 – 1825년네덜란드
- 1830년 – 1938년벨기에
- 1940년 – 1944년나치 독일