제2차 아편 전쟁
- 시기
- 1856년 10월 – 1860년 10월
- 진영
- 영국·프랑스 vs 청
- 전투
- 13
제2차 아편 전쟁(중국어 간체자: 第二次鸦片战争, 정체자: 第二次阿片戰爭, 영어: Second Opium War, 프랑스어: Seconde guerre de l'opium, 러시아어: Вторая опиумная война) 또는 제2차 영청전쟁(第二次英淸戰爭, 영어: Second Anglo-Chinese War)은 청나라와 영국·프랑스 연합군 간에 1856년부터 1860년까지 5년 동안 벌어진 전쟁이다. 제1차 아편 전쟁 이후 원하는 만큼 개방이 이루어지지 않자 영국은 애로호 사건을 구실로 프랑스와 연합하여 청나라를 공격하였다. 애로호 사건으로 인해 발발했다고 하여 애로호 전쟁(영어: Arrow War)이라고도 한다. 이 전쟁에서 청나라가 완패함으로써 그나마 만주족 치하에서 다수 한족을 위시한 중화질서는 붕괴를 맞이하게 되었고, 본격적으로 서세동점(西勢東漸)의 시대가 개막되었다.
출처: 위키백과 — 제2차 아편 전쟁 · CC BY-SA 4.0
전투 13
1856년 10월 – 1856년 11월
Battle of Canton (1856)
The Battle of Canton was fought between British and Chinese forces at the city of Canton (Guangzhou), Guangdong province, China on 23 October to 5 November 1856 during the Second Opium War.
1856년 11월
Battle of the Barrier Forts
The Battle of the Barrier Forts was fought between American and Chinese forces in the Pearl River, Guangdong, China in November 1856 during the Second Opium War. The United States Navy launched an amphibious assault against a series of four forts known as the Barrier Forts near the city of Canton. It was considered an important battle by the British whose interest lay in capturing Canton.
1856년 11월
Battle of the Bogue (1856)
The Battle of the Bogue was fought between British and Chinese forces at the Humen strait (Bogue), Guangdong province, China, on 12–13 November 1856 during the Second Opium War. The British captured the forts in the Wangtong Islands on 12 November and the forts in Anunghoy Island the next day.
1856년 11월
Capture of the French Folly Fort
The Capture of the French Folly Fort by British forces in China occurred on 6 November 1856 during the Second Opium War. The British dispersed 23 Chinese war junks and captured the French Folly fort in the Pearl River near the city of Canton (Guangzhou) in Guangdong province. The battle lasted nearly an hour. The British consul Harry Parkes described the Chinese as putting up "a very hot resistance" and the engagement as "exceeding creditable to the bravery not only of our men, but of the Chinese also."
1857년 1월
Battle of Macao Fort
The Battle of Macao Fort was fought between British and Chinese forces in the Pearl River, Guangdong, China on 4 January 1857 during the Second Opium War. Macao Fort was located on an islet about 3 miles south of Canton (Guangzhou).
1857년 5월
Battle of Escape Creek
The Battle of Escape Creek was a naval engagement fought between the United Kingdom's Royal Navy and the Qing Chinese naval force on 25–27 May 1857 during the Second Opium War. Commodore Charles Elliot's squadron chased the war-junks at Escape Creek and then, once the British ships were grounded as the river narrowed, they chased them in the ships' boats until all the junks had been overhauled.
1857년 6월
Battle of Fatshan Creek
The Battle of Fatshan Creek (佛山水道之戰) was a naval engagement fought between the United Kingdom's Royal Navy and the Cantonese fleet of Qing China on 1 June 1857. Rear-Admiral Sir Michael Seymour sought out and destroyed the Chinese fleet before advancing to the city of Canton for its capture.
1857년 12월
Battle of Canton (1857)
The Battle of Canton was fought by British and French forces against Qing China on 28–31 December 1857 during the Second Opium War. The British High Commissioner, Lord Elgin, was keen to take the city of Canton (Guangzhou) as a demonstration of power and to capture Chinese official Ye Mingchen, who had resisted British attempts to implement the 1842 Treaty of Nanking. Elgin ordered an Anglo-French force to take the town and an assault began on 28 December. Allied forces took control of the city walls on 29 December but delayed entry into the city itself until 5 January. They subsequently captured Ye and some reports state they burnt down much of the town. The ease with which the allies won the battle was one of the reasons for the signing of the Treaty of Tientsin in 1858.
1858년 5월
Battle of Taku Forts (1858)
The First Battle of Taku Forts was the first attack of the Anglo-French alliance against the Taku Forts along the Hai River in Tianjin, China, on 20 May 1858, during the Second Opium War.
1859년 6월
Battle of Taku Forts (1859)
The Second Battle of Taku Forts was a failed Anglo-French attempt to seize the Taku Forts along the Hai River in Tianjin, China, in June 1859 during the Second Opium War. A chartered American steamship arrived on scene and assisted the French and British in their attempted suppression of the forts.
1860년 8월
Battle of Taku Forts (1860)
The Third Battle of Taku Forts was an engagement of the Second Opium War, part of the British and French 1860 expedition to China. It took place at the Taku Forts near Tanggu District, approximately 60 kilometers (36 mi.) southeast of the city of Tianjin (Tientsin).
1860년 9월
팔리카오 전투
팔리카오 전투(프랑스어: La bataille de Palikao; 중국어 간체자: 八里桥之战, 정체자: 八里橋之戰, 병음: Bālǐqiáo zhī zhàn)는 제2차 아편 전쟁 기간 중인 1860년 9월 21일 아침 중국의 팔리교에서 벌어진 영불 연합군과 청나라 군대 간의 전투이다. 이 전투로 영불 연합군은 청나라의 수도인 베이징을 점령할 수 있게 되었고 마침내 청나라를 항복시켜냈다.
1860년 9월
Battle of Zhangjiawan
Battle of Zhangjiawan or Battle of Chang-kia-wan was fought by British and French forces against China at the town of Zhangjiawan during the Second Opium War on the morning of 18 September 1860.
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