第一次中东战争
- 时期
- 1947年11月 – 1949年7月
- 阵营
- 以色列（伊休夫） vs 阿拉伯国家与巴勒斯坦阿拉伯人
- 战役
- 32
第一次中东战争，又称1947-1949年阿以冲突、以色列独立战争、大灾难，是指1947年至1949年的一系列冲突，尤指1948年以色列在巴勒斯坦地区和阿拉伯国家之间发生的大规模战争。经过前面1947-1948年巴勒斯坦托管地内战促使25万巴勒斯坦难民流离失所，1948年5月15日英国结束对巴勒斯坦的托管，以色列宣布建国（部分托管地由埃及和外约旦所控制）。使当时的阿拉伯国家联合对以色列发起军事攻击。该次战争中预估有400,000至900,000名巴勒斯坦人逃离家园，战后也有850,000至900,000名犹太人逃离阿拉伯国家，战争激化了阿拉伯国家和以色列之间的矛盾，以及阿拉伯国家与美英之间的矛盾，从此中东战乱与冲突不断。
来源: 维基百科 — 第一次中东战争 · CC BY-SA 4.0
战役 32
1947年12月 – 1948年7月
耶路撒冷圍城戰 (1947—1948年)
耶路撒冷围城战是第一次中东战争期间犹太人民兵和阿拉伯人民兵为夺取巴勒斯坦托管地的耶路撒冷而爆发的冲突。以色列建国后对阵双方变成以色列国防军和约旦军队。
1948年2月
Sa'sa' massacre
During the 1948 Palestine war, two massacres were perpetrated by Zionist forces in the Palestinian village of Sa'sa'. The first occurred on the night of 14-15 February 1948, when Palmach forces attacked the village killing approximately 60 people. The second massacre occurred on 30 October 1948 when the village was conquered by the Israeli military as part of Operation Hiram.
1948年4月
代爾亞辛村大屠殺
代尔亚辛村大屠杀，是一场发生在1948年4月的屠杀事件。1948年4月9日，犹太复国主义恐怖组织伊尔贡和莱希的约120名武装份子试图占领耶路撒冷附近的代尔亚辛村。当时该村约有600名巴勒斯坦阿拉伯人居住。事件发生于英国对巴勒斯坦地区的托管行将终止之时，犹太人与阿拉伯人正处于内战。在战斗中，约107名村民被枪杀或被手榴弹炸死，其中包括妇孺。一些村民被俘虏至西耶路撒冷游街示众，然后被处决。伊尔贡及莱希方面有4人死亡、约35人受伤。事后亦爆发了阿拉伯民兵对犹太人实施报复的哈达萨医疗车队大屠杀，造成犹太人以及一名英国士兵共79人死亡。
1948年4月
Battle of Haifa (1948)
The Battle of Haifa, also known as the Fall of Haifa, and called by the Jewish forces Operation Bi'ur Hametz, was a Haganah operation carried out on 21–22 April 1948 and a major event in the final stages of the civil war in Palestine, leading up to the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
1948年4月
Operation Nachshon
Operation Nachshon was a military operation of the Haganah during the 1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine and part of Plan Dalet. Its objective was to open the Tel Aviv – Jerusalem road blockaded by Palestinian Arabs, and furnish arms and supplies to the besieged Jewish community of Jerusalem. The operation was also known as "The operation to take control of the Jerusalem road," following which participating units later broke off to form the Harel Brigade. Following attempts to take control of the road to Jerusalem were unsuccessful and led to the construction of a makeshift bypass—Burma Road.
1948年4月
Battle of Mishmar HaEmek
The Battle of Mishmar HaEmek was part of the civil war in Mandatory Palestine ahead of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was a ten-day battle fought from 4 to 15 April 1948 between the Arab Liberation Army commanded by Fawzi al-Qawuqji and the Haganah commanded by Yitzhak Sadeh and Dan Laner. The battle began when al-Qawuqji launched an attack against Mishmar HaEmek with the intent of taking the kibbutz, which was strategically placed beside the main road between Jenin and Haifa. In 1947 it had a population of 550.
1948年5月 – 1948年7月
Battles of Latrun (1948)
The Battles of Latrun were a series of military engagements between the Israel Defense Forces and the Jordanian Arab Legion on the outskirts of Latrun between 25 May and 18 July 1948, during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Latrun takes its name from the monastery close to the junction of two major highways: Jerusalem to Jaffa/Tel Aviv and Gaza to Ramallah. During the British Mandate it became a Palestine Police base with a Tegart fort. The United Nations Resolution 181 placed this area within the proposed Arab state. In May 1948, it was under the control of the Arab Legion. It commanded the only road linking the Yishuv-controlled area of Jerusalem to Israel, giving Latrun strategic importance in the battle for Jerusalem.
1948年5月
Kfar Etzion massacre
The Kfar Etzion massacre refers to a massacre of Jews that took place after a two-day battle in which Jewish Kibbutz residents and Haganah militia defended Kfar Etzion from a combined force of the Arab Legion and local Arab men on May 13, 1948, the day before the Israeli Declaration of Independence. Of the 127 Haganah fighters and Jewish kibbutzniks who died during the defence of the settlement, Martin Gilbert states that fifteen were killed on surrendering.
1948年5月 – 1948年6月
Operation Pleshet
Operation Pleshet was an Israeli military action near the village of Isdud from May 29 to June 3, 1948 during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Isdud was on the Israeli southern front against the Egyptian Army, and the operation was aimed at capturing the village and stopping the Egyptian advance northwards. While only the June 2–3 engagements are officially named Operation Pleshet, the events immediately preceding are historiographically joined with it.
1948年5月
Battles of the Kinarot Valley
The Battles of the Kinarot Valley, is a collective name for a series of military engagements between the Haganah and the Syrian army during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, fought between 15–22 May 1948 in the Kinarot Valley. It includes two main sites: the Battle of Degania–Samakh (Tzemah), and battles near Masada–Sha'ar HaGolan. The engagements were part of the battles of the Jordan Valley, which also saw fighting against Transjordan in the area of Gesher.
1948年5月
Battle of Nirim
The Battle of Nirim was a military engagement between the Egyptian army and the Jewish Haganah militia on May 15, 1948, the first day of the Egyptian invasion of Israel in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was fought in kibbutz Nirim, founded just two years earlier as part of the strategic settlement push known as the "11 points in the Negev". The Egyptian 6th Battalion attacked about 40 Israeli defenders at dawn on May 15, backed by armored vehicles, mortars, cannons and aircraft. They failed to take the village and retreated about 7 hours later, leaving behind about 30–35 dead.
1948年5月
Battle of Yad Mordechai
The Battle of Yad Mordechai was fought between Egypt and Israel in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, at the Israeli kibbutz of Yad Mordechai. The Egyptians attacked the settlement several times throughout May 19 and May 20, but failed to capture it. A final attack was launched on May 23, in which the Egyptians succeeded in capturing part of Yad Mordechai, following which the Israeli defenders withdrew. Yad Mordechai finally fell to the Egyptians on May 24 after hours of bombardment of the vacated kibbutz.
1948年5月
Battle of Gesher
The Battle of Gesher was an attempted joint Iraqi-Jordanian advance against the newly created State of Israel during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. The battle began on May 14, 1948, when the Jewish exclave of Naharayim was stormed by Arab forces in an attempt to reach the town of Afula and link with the First Yarmouk Brigade of the Arab Liberation Army. The battle was a tactical Israeli victory as the Iraqi Army would move south to the cities of Nablus and Jenin to take over the Samarian Front, resulting in the halting of the advance to Afula.
1948年5月
Al-Kabri massacre
The Al-Kabri massacre occurred when the Israeli army attacked the Palestinian village of Al-Kabri on the night of May 20-21, 1948, during the 1948 Palestine war. The attack was part of Operation Ben-Ami, itself a part of Plan Dalet. Orders were given to "attack with the aim of capturing, the villages of Kabri, Umm al Faraj and Al-Nahr, to kill the men [and] to destroy and set fire to the villages", orders which Meron Benvenisti states were "carried out to the letter". At least seven people were killed. The attack was committed partially as revenge for the March 27 Yehiam convoy ambush.
1948年6月
Battle of Jenin (1948)
The Battle of Jenin was fought between Israel and Iraq, along with Arab irregular forces, during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War.
1948年6月
Battle of Nitzanim
The Battle of Nitzanim was fought between the Israel Defense Forces and the Egyptian Army in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, on June 7, 1948. It was the first major Egyptian victory of the war, and one of the few cases of Israeli surrender.
1948年7月
Operation Dani
Operation Dani, also spelled Danny, was an Israeli military offensive launched on July 9–19, 1948 at the end of the first truce of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The objectives were to capture territory east of Tel Aviv and then to push inland and relieve the Jewish population and forces in Jerusalem. The main forces fighting against the IDF were the Arab Legion and Palestinian irregulars
1948年7月
Operation Dekel
Operation Dekel, was the largest offensive by Israeli forces in the north of Palestine after the first truce of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was carried out by the 7th Armoured Brigade led by Canadian volunteer Ben Dunkelman, a battalion from the Carmeli Brigade, and some elements from the Golani Brigade between 8–18 July. Its objective was to capture Nazareth and the Lower Galilee.
1948年7月
Operation Death to the Invader
Operation Death to the Invader, also Death to the Invaders, was an Israeli military operation during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was carried out on July 16–18, 1948 in the northwestern Negev desert. The operation's objective was to link Jewish villages in the Negev desert with the rest of Israel, after this aim was not achieved in Operation An-Far that ended on July 15. The Egyptians blocked Israeli access to its Negev villages during the first truce of the war, by taking up positions on the Majdal – Bayt Jibrin road, where most of the battles of Death to the Invaders were fought.
1948年7月
Battles of Negba
The Battles of Negba were a series of military engagements between the Israel Defense Forces and the Egyptian army in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Negba, a kibbutz founded in 1939, had a strategic position overlooking the Majdal – Bayt Jibrin road, and was a target of two major assaults by the Egyptians in June and July 1948.
1948年7月
Operation Shoter
Operation Shoter, also Operation Jaba', was a three-day Israeli operation during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War in the "Little Triangle" area south of Haifa. The operational objective was to clear the Tel Aviv – Haifa Road, which had been closed by local militia. Israelis had been forced to take a long and dangerous route to the east through Wadi Milk. The operation was launched a week after the start of the second truce imposed by United Nations. Attacks on Israeli traffic had continued during the truce. The operation was carried out by the Alexandroni's 33rd Battalion with support from additional Golani and Carmeli units. The Arab forces were irregular local militia.
1948年7月
Battle of Be'erot Yitzhak
The Battle of Be'erot Yitzhak was a military engagement between the Israel Defense Forces and Egyptian army in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was fought on July 15, 1948, in the ten-day period between the first and second truces of the war.
1948年10月
海勒姆行动
海勒姆行动是1948年阿拉伯-以色列战争期间以色列国防军发起的一次军事行动。以色列国防军当时试图夺取上加利利地区。 这次军事行动持续了6 个小时（10月29日至31日）， 最终在以色列与邻近的阿拉伯国家的停火协议生效之前结束。
1948年10月
Operation Yoav
Operation Yoav was an Israeli military operation carried out from 15–22 October 1948 in the Negev Desert, during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. Its goal was to drive a wedge between the Egyptian forces along the coast and the Beersheba–Hebron–Jerusalem road, and ultimately to conquer the whole Negev. Operation Yoav was headed by the Southern Front commander Yigal Allon. The operation was named after Yitzhak Dubno, codenamed "Yoav" by his commanders in the Palmach. Dubno, a senior Palmach officer, was charged with planning and leading the defense of the kibbutzim Negba and Yad Mordechai. Dubno was killed in an air raid on Kibbutz Negba shortly after Egyptian forces began their offensive on Israel's southern front.
1948年10月
Battle of Beersheba (1948)
The Battle of Beersheba, codenamed Operation Moses, was an Israeli offensive on Beersheba on October 21, 1948. It was part of Operation Yoav and was conducted at the end of the operation. It was made possible following the opening of a land corridor from the Negev desert to the rest of Israel in the Battles of the Separation Corridor. The capture had both military and political significance. It helped sever the supply route of the Egyptian expeditionary force's eastern wing, and strengthened Israel's claim to the Negev desert.
1948年10月
Beit Hanoun wedge
The Beit Hanoun wedge was a piece of land around Beit Hanoun that the Israel Defense Forces captured during Operation Yoav in the final stage of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. With this and other wedges, the Israelis hoped to divide various units in the Egyptian army's expeditionary force in Palestine as part of Operation Yoav's plan. The battles around the wedge were fought on October 15–22, 1948. Creating the wedge involved the capture of a series of positions overlooking Beit Hanoun between October 15–19, and eventually taking the village itself between October 20–22.
1948年11月
Operation Shmone
Operation Shmone was an Israeli military operation conducted against the Egyptian-held police fort of Iraq Suwaydan in the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. The battle was fought between the Israel Defense Forces and the Egyptian Army on 9 November 1948, and ended in an Israeli victory, following numerous previous Israeli attempts to capture the fort, two of them in Operation Yoav just weeks before.
1948年12月 – 1949年1月
Operation Horev
Operation Horev was a large-scale offensive against the Egyptian army in the Western Negev towards the end of the Arab–Israeli War in 1948 and 1949. Its objective was to entrap the Egyptian Army in the Gaza Strip. The operation took place from 22 December 1948 to 7 January 1949 and concluded after Britain threatened to intervene unless Israeli troops immediately withdrew from Egyptian territory.
1948年12月
Battle of Hill 86
The Battle of Hill 86 was a military engagement between the Israel Defense Forces and the Egyptian Army as part of Operation Horev. It was fought on December 22–23, 1948, and was the first battle of the operation. The Israelis initiated the battle, as well as a concurrent raid on the Arab village of 'Abasan and aerial and naval shelling of the coastal strip, with the hope of deceiving the Egyptians into thinking that the coming operation would be aimed at isolating the Egyptian forces in Gaza.
1948年12月
Battle of 'Auja
The Battle of 'Auja, also called Battle of Nitzana, was a military engagement between the Israel Defense Forces and the Egyptian Army in and around 'Auja, a small village on the Egypt–Israel border. It was fought on December 26–27, 1948, as part of Operation Horev, an Israeli campaign meant to expel all Egyptian forces from the country. The first stage of the operation was the simultaneous capture of 18 Egyptian positions on the Beersheba–'Auja road, including 7 around 'Auja.
1949年1月
Battle of Rafah (1949)
The Battle of Rafah was a military engagement between the Israel Defense Forces and the Egyptian Army in the final stage of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. It was fought on January 3–8, 1949, just south of Rafah, today in the Gaza Strip. The battle was initiated by Israel as part of Operation Horev, on the backdrop of the Sinai battles just before. The Israelis were hoping to encircle all Egyptian forces in Palestine and drive them back to Egypt.
1949年3月
Operation Uvda
Operation Uvda was an operation conducted by the Israel Defense Forces during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, from 5 March to 10 March 1949. It was the last campaign undertaken by the IDF during the war and its objective was to capture the southern Negev desert, which was claimed by the Kingdom of Jordan to be under Jordanian control in the armistice talks of 1949.
附近的前后事件
- 1916年賽克斯-皮科協定
- 1916年 – 1918年阿拉伯起义
- 1917年贝尔福宣言
- 1947年11月 – 1949年7月第一次中东战争本页
- 1948年巴勒斯坦人大逃亡
- 1952年7月23日革命
- 1956年第二次中东战争
统治这片土地的国家
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再显示27个
- 公元前1800年 – 公元前1500年喜克索斯人
- 公元前1400年 – 公元前1200年新王國時期
- 公元前1100年非利士
- 公元前1000年 – 公元前950年以色列王國
- 公元前900年 – 公元前750年猶大王國
- 公元前700年新亚述帝国
- 公元前650年亚述统治下的埃及
- 公元前600年 – 公元前550年新巴比倫帝國
- 公元前500年 – 公元前350年阿契美尼德王朝
- 公元前300年 – 公元前200年托勒密王國
- 公元前150年塞琉古王朝
- 公元前100年 – 1年犹大山地
- 25年 – 375年羅馬帝國
- 400年 – 600年拜占庭帝國
- 625年萨珊王朝
- 650年四大哈里发的伊斯蘭國
- 675年 – 750年倭马亚哈里发国
- 775年 – 875年阿拔斯王朝
- 900年图伦王朝
- 925年 – 950年阿拔斯王朝
- 975年 – 1060年法蒂玛王朝
- 1080年塞尔柱帝国
- 1100年 – 1180年耶路撒冷王國
- 1200年 – 1240年阿尤布王朝
- 1260年 – 1510年馬木留克王朝
- 1520年 – 1830年奥斯曼帝国
- 1835年 – 1840年穆罕默德·阿里王朝
- 1845年 – 1916年奥斯曼帝国
- 1918年 – 1934年英属非洲
- 1936年 – 1938年英国
- 1940年 – 1944年英属非洲
- 1946年大英帝國本页
- 1948年巴勒斯坦人
- 1950年 – 1956年約旦
- 1958年阿拉伯联邦
- 1960年 – 1966年約旦