克里米亚战争
- 时期
- 1853年10月 – 1856年3月
- 阵营
- 俄罗斯帝国 vs 奥斯曼、英国、法国与撒丁
- 战役
- 23
克里米亚战争，在俄罗斯又称为东方战争。战争于1853年至1856年间在欧洲爆发，交战双方分别为俄罗斯与鄂图曼帝国、法国、英国和萨丁尼亚组成的联盟。
来源: 维基百科 — 克里米亚战争 · CC BY-SA 4.0
战役 23
1853年11月
锡诺普海战
锡诺普海战 是公历1853年11月30日发生在安纳托利亚北部港口锡诺普的一场战役。俄罗斯帝国海军帕维尔·斯捷潘诺维奇·纳希莫夫上将率领的舰队将鄂图曼帝国的舰队歼灭在港。这场战役作为克里米亚战争的一部分，是促成英法参战的主要因素之一。这场战役同时是风帆战舰之间的最后几场主要战役之一。战役的日期在俄罗斯被定为军事荣誉日以示纪念。
1853年11月
奧爾泰尼察之戰
奥尔泰尼察之战（1853年11月4日）是克里米亚战争的首场会战，由鄂图曼帝国的奥马尔帕夏所指挥的鄂图曼军队来保卫要塞，并设法抵挡由彼得·丹嫩贝格所领导的俄罗斯军队的进攻直至后者被命令撤退。俄罗斯的进攻刚到鄂图曼的防御工事内就鸣金收兵，他们损失惨重，但仍有条不紊地撤退；鄂图曼直到最后仍坚守阵地，但是没有试图去追击俄方军队，并在后来回撤至多瑙河对岸。
1853年11月
Battle of Akhaltsikhe (1853)
The Battle of Akhaltsikhe occurred on 13 November 1853 during the Crimean War when a Georgian-Russian force of 7,000 defeated a Turkish army of 18,000 men near the Akhaltsikhe fortress in the Caucasus.
1853年12月 – 1854年1月
Battle of Cetate
The Battle of Cetate was fought during the Crimean War. In this battle a large Ottoman force under Ahmed Pasha unsuccessfully attempted to capture the village of Cetate which was controlled by Russian Colonel Alexander Baumgarten.
1853年12月
Battle of Başgedikler
The Battle of Başgedikler occurred on 1 December 1853 during the Crimean War when a Russian army attacked and defeated a large Turkish force near the village of Başgedikler in the Trans-Caucasus.
1854年2月 – 1854年5月
Siege of Calafat
The siege of Calafat took place in 1854 during the Crimean War. The Russians unsuccessfully besieged the Ottoman army at this place for four months before finally withdrawing.
1854年5月 – 1854年6月
Siege of Silistria (1854)
The siege of Silistria, or siege of Silistra, was a key engagement in the Crimean War, fought from 11 May to 23 June 1854 between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire in present-day Bulgaria. The Russian army, numbering up to 90,000 men with 266 guns, attempted to capture the Danubian fortress of Silistria as part of a broader strategy to outflank Ottoman defences and pre-empt an expected Allied landing at Varna. The garrison, 12,000 to 18,000 Ottoman troops and Egyptian auxiliaries, was bolstered by British military advisers and successfully withstood a six-week siege.
1854年5月
Battle of Nigoiti
The battle of Nigoiti took place between 20 and 27 May 1854 the village of Nigoiti in Guria during the Crimean War.
1854年6月
Battle of Choloki (1854)
The Battle of Choloki took place on 4 June 1854 on the outskirts of village Kakuti in Guria, Georgia during the Crimean War. Under the command of General Ivane Andronikashvili, the invading Turks were successfully repelled and defeated.
1854年8月
Battle of Kurekdere
The Battle of Kürekdere took place on 6 August 1854 as part of the Crimean War. The battle occurred when an Ottoman army from the Ottoman fortress of Kars marched out to confront a marauding Russian detachment near the village of Kürekdere in the Trans-Caucasus.
1854年9月
阿爾馬河之戰
阿尔马河之战是克里米亚战争期间，发生在克里米亚半岛阿尔马河的会战。1854年9月14日，由法国、英国、奥斯曼土耳其组成的盟军在克里米亚半岛登陆。9月19日，盟军进抵阿尔马河。由缅希科夫指挥的俄军退守阿尔马河南岸。次日，拉格伦勋爵在左翼指挥英军，圣-阿尔诺在右翼指挥法军共同对俄军发起攻击。俄军在英法联军猛烈打击下损失惨重，被迫退往塞瓦斯托波尔。阿尔马河之战使法英土盟军在克里木半岛站稳了脚跟，并奠定了克里米亚战争的局势。
1854年10月
巴拉克拉瓦之戰
巴拉克拉瓦战役于1854年10月25日在克里米亚战争期间爆发，是塞瓦斯托波尔围城战的一部分。期间，英法联军试图占领俄罗斯在黑海的主要海军基地塞瓦斯托波尔的港口和堡垒。这次交战是英法联军在9月的阿尔马河战役取胜后进行的，当时俄罗斯将军缅希科夫部署军队以阻止联军向南推进其战略目标。10月25日上午，俄军进攻土军驻守的“康罗贝尔高地”，击溃后者并占领堤道高地上其他阵地。其骑兵随后直冲英军第93团的防线，与赶到的英军重骑兵交战，最终撤退。然而，拉格伦下令骑兵总指挥卢肯伯爵追击俄军并夺回丧失的火炮，后者遂下令轻骑兵旅冲锋，冲入俄军密集的火力网，自身损失惨重但终逼退俄军
1854年10月 – 1855年9月
塞瓦斯托波爾圍城戰 (1854年—1855年)
塞瓦斯托波尔围城战（1854年-1855年）是克里米亚战争期间的一场战役，双方僵持了整整一年，最后法英联军在付出巨大伤亡后惨胜。
1854年10月
輕騎兵旅的衝鋒
轻骑兵旅的冲锋 指在1854年10月25日的克里米亚战争巴拉克拉瓦战役中，由卡迪根伯爵带领英军轻骑兵向俄军发起的冲锋。当时，英军总指挥拉格伦男爵 派遣轻骑兵夺取战线附近正在撤退的俄军大炮，通讯人员却错误传达了他的命令，仅装备马刀的轻骑兵因此在易守难攻的地形上，正面冲向准备充足的俄军炮兵。轻骑旅在猛烈的火力下，成功冲入炮兵阵地，但因为伤亡惨重，在达隆维尔指挥的法军骑兵旅掩护下撤退。在战斗中，英军付出了沉重的代价，引以为傲的轻骑兵团几近全灭却没能换来任何战略利益。丁尼生男爵为此写下了叙事诗《轻骑兵的冲锋》，在字里行间中突出了轻骑兵的英勇，诗作亦成为这场冲锋受后人铭记的原因。至于各界对通讯人员的批评，则存在一定争议，因为拉格伦男爵下达的命令本身模糊不清，十分容易造成误解，最终引致严重后果。
1854年10月
Thin Red Line (Battle of Balaclava)
The Thin Red Line described an episode of the Battle of Balaclava on 25 October 1854, during the Crimean War. In the incident, around 500 men of the 93rd Sutherland Highlanders led by Sir Colin Campbell, aided by a small force of 100 walking wounded, 40 detached Guardsmen, and supported by a substantial force of Turkish infantrymen, formed a line of fire against the Russian cavalry. Previously, Campbell's Highland Brigade had taken part in actions at the Battle of Alma and the Siege of Sevastopol. There were more Victoria Crosses presented to the Highland soldiers at that time than at any other. The event was lionised in the British press and became an icon of the qualities of the British soldier in a war that was arguably poorly managed and increasingly unpopular.
1854年11月
因克爾曼之戰
因克尔曼之战 是克里米亚战争期间的会战，发生于1854年11月5日的因克尔曼，交战双方分别是英法联军与俄罗斯帝国陆军。俄军起初穿过浓雾进攻高原北部的英军，遭英军阻击，但在其主力抵达后几乎重创英军，将后者逼入绝境。法军将领皮埃尔·博斯凯则在俄军火炮响起后就得知其动向，于上午9时英军求援后向俄军进攻。其麾下祖阿夫兵持米涅步枪重创俄军，并持续追击撤退中的俄军，冲至山下的采石场，但遭敌军阻击。之后，法军赶至山脊上正濒临崩溃的英军阵线，迫使俄军撤退。
1855年2月
Battle of Eupatoria
The Battle of Eupatoria occurred on 17 February 1855 during the Crimean War when the army of the Russian Empire unsuccessfully attempted to capture the Crimean port city of Eupatoria held by the forces of the Ottoman Empire.
1855年6月 – 1855年11月
Siege of Kars
The siege of Kars was the last major operation of the Crimean War. In June 1855, attempting to alleviate pressure on the defence of Sevastopol, Emperor Alexander II ordered General Nikolay Muravyov to lead his troops against areas of Ottoman interest in Asia Minor. Uniting disparate contingents under his command into a strong corps of 25,725 soldiers, 96 light guns, Muravyov decided to attack Kars, the most important fortress of Eastern Anatolia.
1855年6月 – 1855年9月
馬拉科夫之戰
马拉科夫战役 发生于1855年9月8日，是塞瓦斯托波尔围城战的一部分，也是克里米亚战争战争中法军的决定性胜利。帕特里斯·麦克马洪将军率领的法国军队成功地袭击了马拉科夫要塞，虽同时英军对瑞丹河的进攻则以惨败告终，但长达11个月的塞瓦斯托波尔围城战还是以俄军失利宣告结束。最终法国士兵欧仁·利博特在俄罗斯堡垒的顶部升起了法国国旗。
1855年8月
喬爾納亞河之戰
乔尔纳亚河之战 发生于1855年8月16日，战场位在塞瓦斯托波尔的郊区，俄军以人数较多的军队向法萨联军发起进攻。这场战斗以俄国人的撤退和法萨联军的胜利告终。
1855年9月
Battle of the Great Redan
The Battle of the Great Redan was a major battle during the Crimean War, fought between British forces against Russia on 18 June and 8 September 1855 as a part of the Siege of Sevastopol. The French army successfully stormed the Malakoff redoubt, whereas a simultaneous British attack on the Great Redan to the south of the Malakoff was repulsed. Contemporary commentators have suggested that, although the Redan became so important to the Victorians, it was probably not vital to the taking of Sevastopol. The fort at Malakhov was much more important and it was in the French sphere of influence. When the French stormed it after an eleven-month siege that the final, the British attack on the Redan became somewhat unnecessary.
1855年10月
金伯恩半島戰役 (1855年)
金伯恩半岛战役发生于1855年10月17日，是克里米亚战争最后阶段的一场两栖作战。在战斗中，法国海军和英国皇家海军的联合舰队在巴赞将军率领的法国地面部队围攻俄罗斯海防工事时进行轰炸。三艘法国铁甲舰担任了主力，在持续约三个小时的行动中摧毁了大量的俄罗斯堡垒。
1855年11月
Siege of Taganrog
The siege of Taganrog is a name given in some Russian histories to Anglo-French naval operations in the Sea of Azov between June and November 1855 during the Crimean War. British and French forces were implementing a strategy of destroying the supply lines for the main Russian army which ran through the Sea of Azov. Taganrog was one of the major logistical hubs of the Russian army and was attacked and its military depot destroyed on 3 June 1855 as part of a series of attacks on all major Russian supply bases in the area, except Rostov-on-Don, which could not be reached due to the large shoals not admitting any available warship.
附近的前后事件
- 1709年波爾塔瓦戰役
- 1727年易卜拉欣·穆特费里卡
- 1839年花厅御诏
- 1853年10月 – 1856年3月克里米亚战争本页
- 1876年米德哈特憲法
- 1877年 – 1878年俄土戰爭 (1877年—1878年)
- 1912年 – 1913年第一次巴尔干战争
统治这片土地的国家
根据历史疆域数据（Cliopatria），此地曾属于以下国家。年份按数据间隔（数年至百年）为近似值。点击可查看当年的地图。