十字軍東征
- 时期
- 1095年 – 1291年
- 阵营
- 十字军国家 vs 穆斯林国家
- 战役
- 67
十字军东征 是教宗发动的一系列军事远征，其主要目标在于自穆斯林统治者手中夺回并保卫圣土。1095年11月，教宗乌尔巴诺二世于克莱芒会议正式发动第一次十字军东征，号召基督徒武装夺回耶路撒冷，并承诺参与者可获得属灵上的救赎与奖赏。至此，教宗作为天主教会领袖的地位已大幅强化，而此前教廷与世俗君主间的冲突，以及西方基督教世界边疆地区的战争，也为教宗以宗教名义组织武装行动奠定基础。第一次十字军的成功，使十字军在黎凡特建立四个十字军国家，而这些新兴政权的防卫，则持续需要来自欧洲天主教国家的新一轮远征支援。教廷与西欧社会为了组织如此大规模的军事行动，亦逐步发展出复杂的宗教、社会与经济制度，包括十字军赎罪制度、军事修会以及对神职收入课税等机制。随著时间推移，十字军运动的对象亦逐渐扩大，不仅涵盖穆斯林，亦包括异教徒、基督教异端以及其他教廷敌人，而相关远征活动甚至延续至18世纪。
来源: 维基百科 — 十字軍東征 · CC BY-SA 4.0
战役 67
1096年
Siege of Xerigordos
The siege of Xerigordos in 1096 pitted 6,000 Germans of the People's Crusade under Rainald of Broyes against the Turks commanded by Elchanes, general of Kilij Arslan, the Seljuk Sultan of Rûm. The Crusader raiding party captured the Turkish fort of Xerigordos, about four days' march from Nicaea, in an attempt to set up a pillaging outpost. Elchanes arrived three days later and besieged the Crusaders. The defenders had no water supply, and after eight days of siege, they surrendered on September 29. Some of the Crusaders converted to Islam, while others who refused were killed.
1096年
Battle of Civetot
The Battle of Civetot was fought between the forces of the People's Crusade and of the Seljuk Turks of Anatolia on 21 October 1096. The battle brought an end to the People's Crusade; some of the survivors joined the First Crusade.
1097年 – 1098年
安条克围城战
安条克围城战 发生在1097年和1098年的第一次十字军东征期间。1097年10月21日至1098年6月2日期间，十字军对穆斯林控制的城市安条克发动围攻。安条克位于十字军前往巴勒斯坦的路线上的战略位置。补给、增援和撤退都可以由该城控制。驻守在安条克的穆斯林总督亚吉·西扬预料到会遭到十字军攻击，于是开始储备粮食，并向外求援。
1097年
尼西亞圍城戰
尼西亚围城战是第一次十字军东征期间的第一次重大战役，发生在1097年5月14日至6月19日。这座城市原本处于塞尔柱突厥人的控制之下，但是他们选择向拜占庭人投降，因为他们害怕十字军进入这座城市。围攻之后是多利留姆战役和安条克围城战。
1097年
多里萊烏姆之戰 (1097年)
多利留姆战役 发生在1097年7月1日第一次十字军东征期间，十字军和塞尔柱突厥人在安纳托利亚多利留姆附近发生。尽管基利杰阿尔斯兰的突厥军队几乎摧毁了博希蒙德的十字军特遣队，但其他十字军部队及时赶到，扭转了战局，最终取得了胜利。
1098年
Siege of Ma'arra
The siege of Ma'arra occurred in late 1098 in the city of Ma'arrat Nu'man, in what is modern-day Syria, during the First Crusade. It is infamous for cannibalism committed by the Crusaders, possibly on a widespread scale.
1099年
耶路撒冷围城战 (1099年)
耶路撒冷围城战 发生在1099年6月7日至7月15日，即第一次十字军东征期间的一场攻城战。在这场战役中，十字军从阿拉伯法蒂玛王朝手中夺取耶路撒冷，并在入城后展开了一次针对穆斯林和犹太人的大屠杀。
1099年
阿斯卡隆戰役
阿斯卡隆之战 于1099年8月12日在耶路撒冷被占领后不久发生，这场会战通常被认为是第一次十字军东征的最后一次会站。由布永的戈弗雷所率领的东征十字军击败并击退了法蒂玛军队，确保了耶路撒冷的安全。
1099年
First siege of Arsuf
The First siege of Arsuf, originally Apollonia, took place in 1099, just after the First Crusade. It was carried out by Godfrey of Bouillon after the city failed to pay a previously agreed tribute. The attempt to capture the city failed for want of ships.
1100年
Battle of Melitene
In the Battle of Melitene in 1100, a Crusader force led by Bohemond I of Antioch was defeated in Melitene in eastern Anatolia by Danishmend Turks commanded by Gazi Gümüshtigin.
1101年
Battle of Ramla (1101)
The First Battle of Ramla took place on 7 September 1101 between the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Fatimids of Egypt. The town of Ramla lay on the road from Jerusalem to Ascalon, the latter of which was the largest Fatimid fortress in Palestine. From Ascalon the Fatimid vizier, Al-Afdal Shahanshah, launched almost annual attacks into the newly founded Crusader kingdom from 1099 to 1107. It was thrice the case that the two armies met each other at Ramla.
1102年
Battle of Ramla (1102)
The Second Battle of Ramla took place in the Levant on 17 May 1102 between the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt.
1102年 – 1109年
Siege of Tripoli
The siege of Tripoli lasted from 1102 until 12 July 1109. It took place on the site of the present day Lebanese city of Tripoli, in the aftermath of the First Crusade. It led to the establishment of the fourth Crusader state, the County of Tripoli.
1104年
Battle of Harran
The Battle of Harran took place on 7 May 1104 between the Crusader states of the Principality of Antioch and the County of Edessa, and the Seljuk Turks. It was the first major battle against the newfound Crusader states in the aftermath of the First Crusade, marking a key turning point against Frankish expansion. The battle had a disastrous effect on the Principality of Antioch as the Turks regained territory earlier lost.
1105年
Battle of Ramla (1105)
The Third Battle of Ramla took place on 27 August 1105 between the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Fatimids of Egypt.
1110年
Siege of Sidon
The siege of Sidon occurred in 1110 in the aftermath of the First Crusade. The coastal city of Sidon was captured by the forces of Baldwin I of Jerusalem and Sigurd I of Norway, with assistance from the Ordelafo Faliero, Doge of Venice.
1111年
西扎之战 (1111年)
西扎之战发生于1111年，是十字军领袖鲍德温一世为阻止摩苏尔总督马杜德入侵，而在西扎与塞尔柱军队所发动的一次战争。在此战中，十字军成功保卫住了自己的城池不被攻陷，且在战后没有反击。
1113年
Battle of al-Sannabra
Battle of al-Sannabra, was a battle that occurred on 30 June 1113 between a Crusader army led by King Baldwin I of Jerusalem and a Muslim army commanded by Mawdud ibn Altuntash of Mosul.
1115年
萨明之战
萨明之战或称特勒达尼特之战，是于公元1115年9月14日由十字军针对塞尔柱军队所发起的一次战争。在这次战争中十字军将领撒勒诺的罗杰率军迂回，突袭了由哈马丹的布尔苏克所率领的塞尔柱军队。
1119年
Battle of the Field of Blood
In the Battle of Ager Sanguinis, also known as the Battle of the Field of Blood, the Battle of Sarmada, or the Battle of Balat, Roger of Salerno's Crusader army of the Principality of Antioch was annihilated by the army of Ilghazi of Mardin, the Artuqid ruler of Aleppo on 28 June 1119.
1123年
Battle of Yibneh
In the Battle of Yibneh (Yibna) in 1123, a Crusader force led by Eustace Grenier crushed a Fatimid army from Egypt sent by vizier Al-Ma'mun between Ascalon and Jaffa.
1125年
Battle of Azaz (1125)
The Battle of Azaz was fought on 11 June 1125 between King Baldwin II of Jerusalem's crusader forces and allied Muslim forces led by Aq-Sunqur al-Bursuqi, the Seljuq atabeg of Mosul. One of the bloodiest confrontations before the Second Crusade, the battle resulted in a decisive victory for the Crusaders, causing disturbances of power in the Levant and weakening Seljuk domination in the area. Contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa even states that the remnants of al-Bursuqi's army were chased all the way to Aleppo. The battle effectively lifted the siege of Azaz and prevented it from falling to Turkoman hands.
1137年
Battle of Ba'rin
The Battle of Ba'rin in 1137 took place in Syria when a Crusader force commanded by King Fulk of Jerusalem was scattered and defeated by Zengi, the atabeg of Mosul and Aleppo. This setback resulted in the permanent loss of the Crusader castle of Montferrand in Baarin.
1138年
西扎围城战
西扎之战发生于1138年4月28日至5月21日，是拜占庭帝国、安条克公国及埃德萨伯国的联军攻取曼契德希特酋长国首都西扎的战争。最后曼契德希特成为拜占庭帝国的附属国。
1144年
埃德萨之围 (1144年)
埃德萨之围 是发生在1144年11月28日至12月24日间赞吉王朝对埃德萨伯国首都埃德萨城的围攻。以埃德萨的陷落告终，该城最终被摩苏尔与阿勒颇统治者赞吉攻占。这场战役成为欧洲发起第二次十字军东征的直接导火索。
1147年
Battle of Dorylaeum (1147)
The second Battle of Dorylaeum took place near Dorylaeum in October 1147 during the Second Crusade. The battle consisted of a series of encounters over several days. The German Crusader forces of Conrad III were defeated by the Seljuk Turks led by Sultan Mesud I.
1147年
Battle of Ephesus (1147)
The Battle of Ephesus took place on 24 December 1147 during the Second Crusade. The French Crusader army, led by Louis VII of France, successfully fended off an ambush by the Seljuks of Rum outside Ephesus.
1147年
Battle of Bosra (1147)
The Battle of Bosra was a lengthy and ultimately inconclusive battle fought in the spring of 1147 during the Second Crusade, between a Crusader force commanded by King Baldwin III of Jerusalem and Turkish forces from Damascus led by Mu'in ad-Din Unur, who was aided by Nur ad-Din's contingent from Mosul and Aleppo. Irritated by his Damascus overlord, the emir of Bosra and Salkhad invited the Crusaders to occupy the two places. Before the Latin army could take possession of Bosra, the emir's wife allowed a Damascene garrison into the city, and the thwarted Crusaders were forced to retreat via a grueling march through enemy territory. The Turks constantly harassed the retreating column but were unable to secure a inflict a defeat.
1148年
Siege of Damascus (1148)
The siege of Damascus took place between 24 and 28 July 1148 O.S. during the Second Crusade. Two Crusader armies from Europe and the army of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem attempted to lay siege to the Seljuk Empire city of Damascus. The effort ended in a Crusader defeat. The battle occurred as the alliance between the Kingdom of Jerusalem and Mu'in ad-Din Unur, emir of the city of Damascus, was unraveling and the Crusader County of Edessa was falling to Imad al-Din Zengi, emir of the Seljuk city of Aleppo.
1148年
Battle of Mount Cadmus
The Battle of Mount Cadmus took place near Laodicea at Chonae on 6 January 1148 during the Second Crusade. The French Crusader army, led by Louis VII of France, was defeated by the Seljuks of Rum.
1149年
Battle of Inab
The Battle of Inab, also called Battle of Ard al-Hâtim or Fons Muratus, was fought on 29 June 1149, during the Second Crusade. The Zengid army of the atabeg Nur al-Din Zengi destroyed the combined army of Prince Raymond of Antioch and the Assassins of Ali ibn-Wafa. The prince was killed, and the Principality of Antioch was subsequently pillaged and reduced in size as its eastern border was pushed west.
1153年
Siege of Ascalon
The siege of Ascalon took place from 25 January to 22 August 1153, in the time period between the Second and Third Crusades, and resulted in the capture of the Fatimid Egyptian fortress by the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Ascalon was an important castle that was used by the Fatimids to launch raids into the Crusader kingdom's territory, and by 1153 it was the last coastal city in Palestine that was not controlled by the Crusaders.
1157年
Battle of Lake Huleh (1157)
In the Battle of Lake Huleh in June 1157, a Crusader army led by King Baldwin III of Jerusalem was ambushed and badly defeated by Nur ad-Din Zangi, the emir of Aleppo and Damascus. While the king and some fighting men escaped to a nearby castle, a large number were killed or made prisoner. The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem escaped worse damage when their adversary became ill and was unable to follow up his victory. The Hula Valley is located in the northeast part of modern-day Israel. At the time of the battle, the area belonged to the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
1163年
Battle of al-Buqaia
In the Battle of al-Buqaia in 1163, the Crusaders and their allies inflicted a rare defeat on Nur ad-Din Zangi, the Emir of Aleppo and Damascus. King Amalric I led the army of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, together with contingents from the northern Latin states, a substantial body of pilgrims who had just arrived from France, and a force brought by the Byzantine governor of Cilicia. For the Christian forces, this victory only gave a brief respite from the sustained Muslim offensive.
1164年
哈里姆战役
哈里姆战役于1164年8月12日在叙利亚的哈里姆进行，由努尔丁的军队对阵来自的黎波里伯国、安条克公国、拜占庭帝国和亚美尼亚的联军。努尔丁取得了决定性胜利，俘虏了大部分敌军的指挥官。
1167年
Battle of al-Babein
The Battle of al-Babein took place on March 18, 1167, during the third Crusader invasion of Egypt. King Amalric I of Jerusalem, and a Zengid army under Shirkuh, both hoped to take the control of Egypt over from the Fatimid Caliphate. Saladin served as Shirkuh’s highest-ranking officer in the battle. The result was a tactical draw between the forces, however the Crusaders failed to gain access to Egypt.
1177年
蒙吉萨战役
蒙吉萨之战，又译蒙吉萨尔之战，阿尤布王朝苏丹萨拉丁与身患麻风病的16岁耶路撒冷国王鲍德温四世在1177年11月25日进行的战争。鲍德温四世率领的十字军以少胜多，战胜了萨拉丁的军队。
1179年
Battle of Marj Ayyun
The Battle of Marj Ayyun was a military confrontation fought at Marj Ayyun near the Litani River in June 1179 between the Kingdom of Jerusalem under Baldwin IV and the Ayyubid armies under the leadership of Saladin. It ended in a decisive victory for the Muslims and is considered the first in the long series of Islamic victories under Saladin against the Christians. However, the Christian King, Baldwin IV of Jerusalem, who was crippled by leprosy, was saved by his bodyguard and narrowly escaped capture.
1179年
雅各布津渡之围
雅各布津渡之围是穆斯林苏丹萨拉丁对基督教耶路撒冷王国国王鲍德温四世的一次胜利。这场战役发生于1179年8月，萨拉丁征服并摧毁了圣殿骑士团于约旦河上游雅各布津渡新建的一座边界堡垒。该地是戈兰高地与加利利北部的历史通道。雅各布津渡也以其拉丁名字“Vadum Iacob”以及如今希伯来语名字“Ateret”而知名。许多学者相信这场胜利预示了1187年萨拉丁重新征服圣地以及耶路撒冷。
1182年
Battle of Belvoir Castle
The Battle of Belvoir Castle, also called the Battle of Le Forbelet, was a part of Saladin's campaign in May — August 1182 against the Crusaders. Crusader forces led by King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem battled with Ayyubid forces from Egypt commanded by Saladin. Saladin took action in Damascus on June 11, 1182, together with his regent Farrukh Shah. Entering Palestine from the south of Tiberias, Saladin encountered the Crusader army coming from Transjordan near Belvoir Castle.
1183年
Battle of al-Fule
In the campaign and Battle of al-Fule, a Crusader force led by Guy of Lusignan skirmished with Saladin's Ayyubid army for more than a week in September and October 1183. The fighting ended on 6 October with Saladin being forced to withdraw.
1183年
Siege of Kerak (1183)
Kerak Castle, one of the most impregnable strongholds in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, underwent its first significant siege in late 1183. Saladin, ruler of Egypt and Damascus, besieged Kerak in early November 1183 after its lord, Raynald of Châtillon, conducted raids of Saladin's lands.
1187年
哈丁战役
哈丁之战 是1187年7月4日在现今的以色列北部下加利利发生的一场大会战。伊斯兰阿尤布王朝的苏丹萨拉丁率领军队在加利利海西侧的哈丁角击溃耶路撒冷王国的十字军军团，俘虏了耶路撒冷王居伊、其兄阿马里克、安条克名将沙蒂永的雷纳德、圣殿骑士团团长杰拉德·迪·雷德福以及为数众多的十字军贵族将领。此役中十字军主力全军覆没，阿克大主教战死，随军携带的圣物真十字架也落入穆斯林手里，黎凡特各十字军国家也因此元气大伤。此战三个月后，萨拉丁夺取耶路撒冷，连带导致了第三次十字军东征。
1187年
耶路撒冷围城战 (1187年)
耶路撒冷围城战是1187年9月20日至10月2日期间，萨拉丁的军队进攻伊贝林的贝里昂所在的耶路撒冷的一场战役。
1187年
Battle of Cresson
The Battle of Cresson was a small battle between Frankish and Egyptian Ayyubid forces on 1 May 1187 at the "Spring of the Cresson." While the exact location of the spring is unknown, it is located in the environs of Nazareth. The conflict was a prelude to the decisive defeat of the Kingdom of Jerusalem at the Battle of Hattin two months later.
1187年 – 1188年
Siege of Tyre (1187)
The siege of Tyre took place from 12 November 1187 to 1 January 1188. An Ayyubid army commanded by Saladin made an amphibious assault on the city, defended by Conrad of Montferrat. After two months of continuous struggle, Saladin dismissed his army and retreated to Acre.
1189年 – 1191年
阿卡圍城戰 (1189年—1191年)
阿卡围城战是耶路撒冷王国的旧君主的吕西尼昂的居伊对叙利亚和埃及穆斯林领袖萨拉丁的第一次重大反击。这次关键的围攻构成了后来被称为第三次十字军东征的一部分。围攻从1189年8月持续到1191年7月，在此期间，这座城市的沿海位置意味著进攻的拉丁军队无法完全占领这座城市，萨拉丁无法完全解除这座城市的围困，双方都从海上获得了补给和资源。战争最终以十字军获得关键胜利、萨拉丁摧毁十字军国家的野心受挫而告终。
1190年
Battle of Iconium (1190)
The Battle of Iconium took place on May 18, 1190, during the Third Crusade, in the expedition of Frederick Barbarossa to the Holy Land. As a result, Iconium, the capital city of the Sultanate of Rûm under Kilij Arslan II, fell to the Imperial forces.
1190年
菲羅梅隆戰役 (1190年)
菲罗梅隆战役是1190年5月7日在小亚细亚菲罗梅隆（拉丁语：Philomelium，今土耳其阿克塞希尔 爆发的战役，以在神圣罗马帝国军队战胜罗姆苏丹国的突厥军队告终。
1191年
阿爾蘇夫戰役
阿尔苏夫战役为第三次十字军东征期间，由狮心王理查率领的十字军于1191年9月7日击败阿尤布王朝统治者萨拉丁的一场会战。
1192年
Battle of Jaffa (1192)
The Battle of Jaffa took place during the Crusades, as one of a series of campaigns between the army of Sultan Saladin and the Crusader forces led by King Richard I of England. It was the final battle of the Third Crusade, after which Saladin and King Richard were able to negotiate a truce. Although the Crusaders did not regain possession of Jerusalem, Christian pilgrims were permitted entry into the city, and the Crusaders were able to retain control of a sizable strip of land stretching from Beirut to Jaffa.
1203年
君士坦丁堡之围 (1203年)
1203年君士坦丁堡之围是第四次十字军对拜占庭帝国首都君士坦丁堡的第一次围攻，为了支持被废黜的皇帝伊萨克二世和他的儿子阿历克塞四世。
1204年
君士坦丁堡之围 (1204年)
1204年君士坦丁堡之围（也称为第四次十字军）发生在1204年，西欧和威尼斯十字军在占领拜占庭帝国首都君士坦丁堡之后，摧毁了部分城市，随后成立拉丁帝国，鲍德温一世在君士坦丁堡的圣索非亚大教堂加冕。
1205年
Battle of Adrianople (1205)
The Battle of Adrianople occurred around Adrianople on April 14, 1205, between Bulgarians, Cumans and Vlachs under the command of Tsar Kaloyan of Bulgaria, and Crusaders under Baldwin I, who only months before had been crowned Emperor of Constantinople, allied with Venetians under Doge Enrico Dandolo. The battle was won by the Bulgarian Empire after a successful ambush.
1205年
Battle of Adramyttion (1205)
The Battle of Adramyttion occurred on 19 March 1205 between the Latin Crusaders and the Byzantine Greek Empire of Nicaea, one of the kingdoms established after the fall of Constantinople to the Fourth Crusade in 1204. It resulted in a comprehensive victory for the Latins. There are two accounts of the battle, one by Geoffrey de Villehardouin, and the other by Nicetas Choniates, which differ significantly.
1218年 – 1219年
达米埃塔围城战
达米埃塔围城战（1218年－1219年）是第五次十字军东征中的一场关键围城战，发生于埃及港口城市达米埃塔。十字军自1218年5月开始围攻该城，经过对港口河塔与城市防御体系的长期争夺后，于1219年11月5日攻陷达米埃塔。虽然这场战役以十字军的战术胜利告终，但这一成果并未转化为第五次十字军东征的最终成功，十字军最终仍于1221年撤出埃及。
1244年
Siege of Jerusalem (1244)
The siege of Jerusalem of 1244 took place after the Sixth Crusade, when a Khwarazmian army conquered the city on July 15, 1244.
1244年
Battle of Forbie
The Battle of Forbie, also known as the Battle of La Forbie or the Battle of Hiribya, was fought on October 17–18, 1244 between the allied armies and the Egyptian army of the Ayyubid Sultan as-Salih Ayyub, reinforced with Khwarezmian mercenaries. The resulting Ayyubid victory led to the call for the Seventh Crusade and marked the collapse of Christian power in the Holy Land.
1249年
Siege of Damietta (1249)
The siege of Damietta occurred in 1249 and was part of the Seventh Crusade.
1250年
Battle of Fariskur (1250)
The Battle of Fariskur was the last major battle of the Seventh Crusade. The battle was fought on 6 April 1250, between the Crusaders led by King Louis IX of France and Egyptian forces led by Turanshah of the Ayyubid dynasty.
1250年
Battle of Mansurah (1250)
The Battle of Mansurah was fought from 8 to 11 February 1250, between Crusaders led by Louis IX, King of France, and Ayyubid forces led by Egypt's Sultana Shajar al-Durr, vizier Fakhr al-Din ibn al-Shaykh, Faris ad-Din Aktai, Baybars and Qutuz. It was fought in present-day Mansoura, Egypt. The Crusader force was enticed into entering the town where it was set upon by the Muslim force. The Crusaders withdrew in disorder to their encampment where they were besieged by the Egyptians. The Crusaders broke out and withdrew to Damietta in early April.
1260年
阿音札鲁特战役
阿音札鲁特之战，亦作艾因札鲁特之战，是1260年9月3日在今以色列北部进行的一场会战，对战双方是埃及穆斯林的马穆鲁克王朝和蒙古帝国的西征军队，该会战以埃及军队全胜而告终，亦使推进至巴勒斯坦的蒙古帝国未能进一步向西侵略到非洲。
1266年
Battle of Mari
The Battle of Mari, also called the Disaster of Mari, was a battle between the Egyptians of the Mamluk Sultanate and the Armenians of Cilician Armenia on 24 August 1266.
1268年
Siege of Antioch (1268)
The siege of Antioch occurred in 1268 when the Mamluk Sultanate under Baybars finally succeeded in capturing the city of Antioch. Prior to the siege, the Crusader Principality was oblivious to the loss of the city, as demonstrated when Baybars sent negotiators to the leader of the former Crusader state and mocked his use of "Prince" in the title Prince of Antioch.
1271年
Fall of Krak des Chevaliers
The Crusader fortress of Krak des Chevaliers fell to the Egyptian Mamluk sultan Baybars in 1271. Baybars went north to deal with Krak des Chevaliers after the death of Louis IX of France on 29 November 1270.
1271年
Truce of Tripoli (1271)
The Truce of Tripoli was an agreement signed in late May 1271 between the Mamluk Sultan Baybars and the Count of Tripoli Bohemond VI of Antioch. Baybars initially wanted to attack the County of Tripoli, but after the arrival of a new Ninth Crusade, he made a truce that lasted ten years with terms to allow Baybars to retain his conquests.
1291年
阿卡围城战 (1291年)
于1291年发生的阿卡围城战（又名阿卡陷落）中，十字军所控制的阿卡城被穆斯林占领。该围城战被认为是这一时期最重要的战役之一。虽然十字军运动持续了几个世纪，但阿卡的陷落标志着十字军进一步向黎凡特进军的失败。阿卡的陷落使十字军失去了耶路撒冷王国最后的堡垒。他们仍然在北部的塔尔图斯城拥有一座堡垒，并试图从艾尔瓦德岛进军，但在1302年/1303年十字军失去了该岛，从而彻底被赶出了圣地。
附近的前后事件
- 66年 – 74年第一次猶太–羅馬戰爭
- 636年雅尔穆克战役
- 691年岩石圆顶
- 1095年 – 1291年十字軍東征本页
- 1187年哈丁战役
- 1260年阿音札鲁特战役
- 1869年苏伊士运河
统治这片土地的国家
根据历史疆域数据（Cliopatria），此地曾属于以下国家。年份按数据间隔（数年至百年）为近似值。点击可查看当年的地图。