普法戰爭
- 时期
- 1870年7月 – 1871年1月
- 阵营
- 法国 vs 普鲁士与德意志诸邦
- 战役
- 49
普法战争，法国称1870年法德战争，在德国称德法战争，是一场在普鲁士王国与法兰西第二帝国之间爆发的战争，双方的目标是争夺欧洲西部的陆上霸权。这场战争是德国统一运动中的第三场也是最后一场战争，最终普鲁士大获全胜，以建立起统一的德意志帝国而告终。
来源: 维基百科 — 普法戰爭 · CC BY-SA 4.0
战役 49
1870年8月
格拉沃洛特之戰
格拉沃洛特之战，又称圣普里瓦之战，发生于1870年8月18日，是普法战争中规模最大的一场会战，约有超过30万名士兵和1252门大炮部署在11公里宽的战场上，这场战役以法军的战术胜利和德军的战略胜利告终。
1870年8月 – 1870年10月
梅斯圍城戰
梅斯围城战发生于1870年8月19日至10月27日普法战争期间，结果普军取得决定性胜利。
1870年8月
馬斯拉圖爾之戰
马斯拉图尔之战，亦称维永维尔之战或勒宗维尔之战，是1870年8月16日普法战争期间在法国东北部马斯拉图尔村附近爆发的会战。一个普鲁士军团，在当天晚些时候又增援了两个军团，在一次会议上遇到了整个法国莱茵军团，令人惊讶的是，它迫使莱茵军团撤退到梅斯要塞。
1870年8月 – 1870年9月
史特拉斯堡圍城戰
斯特拉斯堡围城战 发生在普法战争，并且导致法兰西第二帝国在1870年9月28日放弃堡垒。
1870年8月
维桑堡之战 (1870年)
维桑堡之战 或称魏森堡之战 发生于1870年8月4日，此日三个德国军团突袭驻扎在维桑堡的法国军队，这是普法战争中德军的第一次反击。守方被攻方的数量和装备大大超过，且这是一次突袭。“虽然损失惨重，但并没有有损第一军团士兵们的名誉。”维桑堡的陷落导致普鲁士军队进入法国，并迫使帕特里斯·麦克马洪元帅率兵迎战，两日后在8月6日双方爆发了沃尔特之战。
1870年8月
斯皮什倫之戰
斯皮什伦之战，或称福尔巴赫之战，是普法战争期间的一场会战，发生在法国东北部的斯皮什伦。德国人的胜利迫使法国人撤退到梅斯的防御工事。8月6日的斯皮什伦之战是法国三场重大失败中的第二场。毛奇原本计划将巴赞的军队留在萨尔河上，直到他可以用第2军团在前面，第1军团在左翼进攻，而第3军团向后方靠近。年迈的冯·施泰因梅茨将军采取了一个过分热心的、计划外的行动，带领第1军团从他在摩泽尔河的阵地向南。他直奔斯皮什伦镇，在此过程中将腓特烈·卡尔亲王与他的前锋骑兵部队隔开。
1870年8月
沃爾特之戰
沃尔特之战，也称为赖什索芬之战或弗勒什维莱尔之战，是指1870年8月6日在普法战争初期发生会战。由腓特烈·威廉王储和他的参谋长莱昂哈德·冯·布卢门塔尔指挥的德国军队在阿尔萨斯沃尔特村附近10公里的绍尔河上击败了麦克马洪元帅率领的法国军队。
1870年8月
Battle of Beaumont
The Battle of Beaumont on 30 August 1870 was won by Prussia during the Franco-Prussian War.
1870年8月
Battle of Noisseville
The Battle of Noisseville on 31 August 1870 was fought during the Franco-Prussian War and ended in a Prussian victory.
1870年8月
Battle of Borny–Colombey
The Battle of Borny–Colombey or the Battle of Colombey-Nouilly took place on 14 August 1870 as part of the Franco-Prussian War. During the battle the escape route of the French army under François Bazaine was blocked when the French encountered the First Army under von Steinmetz. The outcome of the battle itself was a French victory as the French were able to escape to Metz, although they were delayed for 12 hours.
1870年8月 – 1870年9月
巴澤耶之戰
巴泽耶之战 发生于1870年9月1日，是普法战争中的一场会战，也是近代历史中最早以巷战为主的会战之一。巴伐利亚军队与法国海军陆战队和民兵在法国阿登省的小镇巴泽耶交战。
1870年8月 – 1870年9月
Siege of Toul
The siege of Toul was the siege of the fortified French town of Toul from 16 August to 23 September 1870 by Prussian, Bavarian and Württemberg forces during the Franco-Prussian War. Toul controlled a railway line leading to Germany and it was vital for the Germans to secure it to resupply and reinforce their armies in northern France.
1870年8月
萨尔布吕肯之战
萨尔布吕肯之战 是普法战争期间法兰西帝国与普鲁士王国之间的第一次重大交战。战斗于1870年8月2日在萨尔布吕肯附近进行。
1870年8月
Battle of Nouart
The Battle of Nouart was fought on 29 August 1870 at the village of Nouart. Part of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, the battle saw Prince George's 46th Infantry Brigade of the XII Royal Saxony Corps defeat Pierre Louis Charles de Failly's V Corps of the French Empire.
1870年8月 – 1870年12月
Siege of Phalsbourg
The siege of Phalsbourg was an early battle of the Franco-Prussian War that was fought between the French Empire against Germany at Phalsbourg near the Vosges beginning on 10 August 1870, and ending on 12 December of the same year.
1870年8月 – 1870年11月
Siege of Thionville (1870)
The siege of Thionville took place within the Franco-Prussian War. It occurred in Thionville of the Moselle from 13 to 24 November 1870. The small French garrison repulsed an attempted attack on 14 August. The garrison was subjected to a blockade and then besieged from 13 November. After the capitulation of Metz, on 28 October 1870, the Prussians moved part of their powerful artillery to Thionville. Bombed from 22 November, the square surrendered on 24 November. The capture of Thionville and that of Montmédy a month later gave the Germans control of the railway to the Picardy front.
1870年8月 – 1871年3月
Siege of Bitche
The siege of Bitche was a battle during the Franco-Prussian War initially caused by the German forces on August 8, 1870, to March 26, 1871, where the two nations would sign an armistice. The siege was considered a brave siege under the command of governor Louis-Casimir Teyssier, and of the chief of the troops of the place: Geniès-Hippolyte Bousquet who both would be appointed lieutenant-colonels during the siege.
1870年8月
Siege of Lichtenberg
The siege of Lichtenberg was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War that took place on August 9 to 10 in 1870 at Lichtenberg Castle between the French and the German troops. After a brief but fierce shelling a German force under the command of Generalmajor Hermann Freiherr von Hügel, part of the Württemberg Division and the Third Army forced the surrender of the French garrison of Lichtenberg under the command of Second Lieutenant Archer. In addition to Lichtenberg, in a single period in August 1870, the German army also defeated the French fortresses of La Petite-Pierre, Marsal and Vitry-le-François.
1870年8月
Battle of Buzancy
Battle of Buzancy was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War which took place on 27 August 1870 in Buzancy, France between the French Empire and the combined German forces of Prussia and Saxony. The midfield force of the 24th Brigade of a division Saxon cavalry of the Maas Army of the Prussian army won a victory over the Cavalry Regiment. 12th Chasseur light infantry of the V Army of the French Empire under the command of General Pierre Louis Charles de Failly. Taken by surprise in this cavalry battle, the French formation was torn apart and almost completely annihilated. On the Prussian - German side, the captains of the two cavalry squadrons involved in the battle were wounded. The defeat at Buzancy forced the retreat of the French cavalry squadrons, and the Battle of Buzancy is arguably the most characteristic cavalry and artillery clash of the war.
1870年9月
色當之戰
色当之战 为普法战争之中最具决定性的一场会战，发生于1870年9月1日，结果为法军惨败、德军大获全胜，大量法军被俘，连法皇拿破仑三世本人亦沦为阶下囚。虽然德军仍需要与即时重组的法国政府作战，但此战实际上已经决定了在普法战争中普鲁士及其盟军的胜利。
1870年9月 – 1871年1月
巴黎围城战 (1870年—1871年)
巴黎之围 始自1870年9月19日，终于1871年1月28日，以法国国防政府同普鲁士王国为首、诸多邦国组成的北德意志邦联相互签订停战协议而告终。此次围城战乃普法战争之高潮，迤自1866年普奥战争，法国作为欧陆霸主之地位逐渐遭到以普鲁士王国为首之北德意志联邦所威胁。继1870年法国议会决议向普鲁士王国宣战后，法兰西第二帝国于接下来数月内在对德战役中不断遭遇军事重挫，并触发决定性的色当战役。
1870年9月
Battle of Chevilly
The battle of Chevilly was fought during the siege of Paris. The battle was the second French sortie from Paris against the German armies. On 30 September 1870 General Joseph Vinoy attacked the Prussian VI Corps at Chevilly and was easily repulsed.
1870年9月 – 1870年12月
Siege of Montmédy
The siege of Montmédy was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War at the small commune of Montmédy, in the Meuse, it was besieged by the army of the German coalition. Defended by the 57th Line Infantry Regiment, the Garde Mobile and elements of other units, it surrendered on December 14, 1870.
1870年9月 – 1870年10月
Siege of Soissons
The Siege of Soissons was a military engagement during the Franco-Prussian War, ending with the capitulation of Soissons.
1870年10月
Battle of Bellevue
The Battle of Bellevue on 7 October 1870 was fought during the Franco-Prussian War and ended in a Prussian victory.
1870年10月
勒布爾熱之戰
第一次勒布尔热之战 是1870年10月28日至10月30日的普法战争期间。法国与普鲁士王国在勒布尔热发生的一场会战。
1870年10月
Battle of Châtillon
The battle of Châtillon, also known as the battle of Châtillon-sous-Bagneux, was a skirmish in the siege of Paris between France and North German Confederation in the Franco-Prussian War, took place on 13 October 1870. This is also considered the first battle in the history of the French Third Republic. In this fierce battle – occurred at Châtillon and Sceaux, Corps V of the Prussian army under the command of Lieutenant General Infantry Hugo von Kirchbach, along with the II Corps of the Kingdom of Bavaria by the Supreme Minister infantry Jakob von Hartmann which were the forces of the army Group 3 of Prussia by Prince Friedrich Wilhelm as General command., won a victory against an attack by the XIV Corps under General Renault - of the French army under General Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot. Although some soldiers under Ducrot fought well, the majority of his army became agitated. The French were forced to flee to Paris, losing the Châtillon Plateau - a very favorable defensive position overlooking the fortresses south of Paris - to the Germans. This was a disaster for the "justice" of the French army during the war, although the French reported that they suffered only minor losses.
1870年10月 – 1871年1月
Battle of Dijon (1870)
The Battles of Dijon were a series of battles that took place in 1870 and 1871, as part of the Franco-Prussian War, on the current territory of the French commune of Dijon between the French Republic and the German states of Prussia and Baden and later, the German Empire.
1870年10月
比藏瓦爾之戰 (1870年)
比藏瓦尔之战 ，也称第一次比藏瓦尔之战或瓦莱里之战，是1870年10月21日普法战争期间，法国被围困在巴黎的部队试图在吕埃-马尔迈松方向突破德军包围的一场会战。
1870年10月
Battle of Châteaudun
The Battle of Châteaudun took place in northwestern France during the Franco-Prussian War on 18 October 1870. In this battle, the Imperial German Army led by General Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig von Wittich attacked the city of Châteaudun and captured the city. During the nine-hour battle the attackers defeated forces that included Francs-tireurs led by Ernest de Lipowski who was of Polish origin. Although it ended in defeat, the resistance of the French army at Châteaudun is recorded by one document as legendary. The fighting at Châteaudun was immortalized by a painting by Philippoteaux.
1870年11月
亞眠之戰 (1870年)
亚眠之战（或称维莱布勒托讷之战）发生于1870年11月27日，是普法战争中的一场会战，最终普鲁士获胜。
1870年11月
博讷拉罗朗德之战
博讷拉罗朗德之战（法语：Bataille de Beaune-la-Rolande，是1870年11月28日普法战争期间，法国与普鲁士王国在卢瓦雷省的博讷拉罗朗德的一场会战，最终以普军胜利告终。
1870年11月
庫爾米耶之戰
库尔米耶之战（法语：Bataille de Coulmiers，是1870年11月9日普法战争期间，法国与巴伐利亚王国在卢瓦雷省的奥尔良以西的库尔米耶附近的一场会战。
1870年11月 – 1871年2月
貝爾福圍城戰
贝尔福围城战，是1870年11月3日至1871年2月18日普法战争期间，普鲁士军队对法国贝尔福市进行的为期104天的军事攻击和封锁。法国驻军一直坚持到1871年1月，直到法国和德意志帝国之间签署了停战协定，迫使法军在1871年2月18日放弃这个据点。
1870年11月 – 1870年12月
尚皮尼之戰
尚皮尼之战，又称马恩河之战 、维利耶之战，是1870年11月29日至12月3日普法战争期间，法国被围困在巴黎的部队企图在马恩河畔尚皮尼和马恩河畔维利耶突破德军包围的一场会战。
1870年11月
Siege of La Fère
The Siege of La Fère took place during the Franco-Prussian War from 15 November until 26 November 1870, at the fortress of La Fère in France. French troops stationed at La Fère under the command of Captain Jacques Ferdinand Planche resisted the siege from the Imperial German Army, but surrendered the fort after eleven days on 26 November 1870, which resulted in a German victory. During the siege, the German army captured thousands of prisoners, most of whom were Garde Mobile soldiers, and took control of many French weapons. The German shelling of La Fère took place over the course of two days and severely damaged the town. After the Germans captured La Fère, they used cannons to arm the stronghold of Amiens.
1870年12月
第二次奧爾良之戰
奥尔良之战 是1870年12月2日至4日普法战争期间，在法国奥雷勒·德·帕拉迪纳的带领下的大约80,000法军，与普鲁士腓特烈·卡尔领导的第二军团和弗里德里希·弗朗茨二世领导的军团部分兵力，总共约有30,000普军，在奥尔良展开的战斗，最终以普鲁士的胜利而告终，普军成功占领了这座城市，并将法军分为两部分，阻止了法军解救巴黎的计划。
1870年12月
盧瓦尼之戰
卢瓦尼之战，又称卢瓦尼-普普里-吕莫之战，是1870年12月2日普法战争期间，法国在厄尔-卢瓦省的卢瓦尼、普普里和吕莫展开的3个战斗的合称，是由法国路易·多雷勒·德·帕拉迪纳率领的卢瓦尔军团的3个军团与弗里德里希·弗朗茨二世率领的普鲁士军团的一场会战。
1870年12月
阿吕河之戰
阿吕河之战，是1870年12月23日至24日普法战争期间，由埃德温·冯·曼陀菲尔今指挥的普鲁士北部集团军与法国路易·费代尔布领导的法国北部军团的一场会战。由于在12月20日的凯里约首先展开战斗，临近蓬努瓦耶勒，因此又称为蓬努瓦耶勒之战
1870年12月
Battle of Beaugency (1870)
The Battle of Beaugency took place during the Franco-Prussian War between the army group of the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg, and the French Armée de la Loire, won by the Prussians. It lasted from 8 to 10 December 1870 and occurred on the left bank of the river Loire to the northwest of the town of Beaugency. Due to the large area over which it was fought, it is also known as the Battle of Beaugency-Cravant or the Battle of Villorceau-Josnes.
1870年12月 – 1871年1月
Siege of Péronne
The siege of Peronne was a battle during the Franco-Prussian War, from December 26, 1870 until January 9, 1871, in Péronne, Somme of France. The German siege force, under the command of Lieutenant Generals August von Goeben and Albert von Barnekow, forced the French army at Péronne- which could not be rescued and had to surrender after more than a week under the bombardment of the Prussian army. With the victory, the armies of Albert von Barnekow captured a defending force of thousands of French soldiers in Peronne, and obtained a large number of cannons and war materials to the Prussians hands. In general, the advantage of the artillery of the Prussians as well as the dynamism of German officers is credited with leading to German victories in the sieges of French fortresses, and the success at the Siege of Péronne solidified German control over the river Somme.
1870年12月
Battle of Chateauneuf
The Battle of Châteauneuf was a battle in the Franco-Prussian War that took place on 3 December 1870 at the Châteauneuf, Côte-d'Or, France. During this engagement, the 3rd Infantry Brigade of the Prussian army, which was a part of the Baden Division and was under the command of General Keller repelled an ambush of the French army under the command of General Camille Crémer. The battle facilitated the Prussian army to continue its withdrawal from Autun. The battle lasted for seven hours, and brought the Prussian army negligible losses, with 153 casualties. However, the Germans viewed this engagement as one of their most glorious victories of the campaign.
1871年1月
聖康坦之戰 (1871年)
圣康坦之战，是1871年1月19日普法战争期间，法军为突破普鲁士军队对首都巴黎的包围所展开的联合攻势之一，这场会战在圣康坦展开，也是普军入侵法国领土后，对巴黎围城战的会战之一。
1871年1月
勒芒之戰
勒芒之战 是1871年1月10日至12日普法战争期间，法国在萨尔特省的勒芒地区，对普鲁士王国的一场决定性会战。法军在会战中失败后，结束了法军在法国西部的所有抵抗活动。
1871年1月
埃里庫爾之戰
埃里库尔之战，根据文献的不同也称为利宰讷河之战、蒙贝利亚尔之战，是1871年1月15日至17日普法战争期间，法国与普鲁士王国之间的一场军事冲突。法军为了解放被普军在贝尔福围城战中，被包围的法国驻军而展开的军事行动，结果以法军解放贝尔福失败，在撤退到瑞士后被拘留。
1871年1月
巴波姆之戰
巴波姆之战，是1871年1月2日至3日普法战争期间，法国北方军团为解除普鲁士对佩罗讷的包围，在加来海峡省的巴波姆所展开的一场会战。
1871年1月
維萊塞克塞勒之戰
维莱塞克塞勒之战，是1871年1月9日至10日普法战争期间，法军为了解救贝尔福围城战的法国驻军所展开的一场前哨战，法军与普鲁士军队在维莱塞克塞勒地区展开的一场短暂的战斗。
1871年1月
比藏瓦爾之戰 (1871年)
比藏瓦尔之战，也称第二次比藏瓦尔之战，是1871年1月19日普法战争期间，也是普鲁士国王威廉一世加冕德意志皇帝的第二天，法国被围困在巴黎的部队企图向凡尔赛方向撤退，在吕埃-马尔迈松的比藏瓦勒、加尔什和圣克卢地区，试图袭破德军包围的一场会战。
1871年1月 – 1871年2月
Battle of Pontarlier
The Battle of Pontarlier, also known as the Battle of Pontarlier-La Cluse, was the final military operation of the Franco-Prussian War, that took place from 29 January to 2 February 1871, near Pontarlier and La Cluse-et-Mijoux, not long after the newly formed German Empire and French Republic had a ceasefire. During these engagements, the German Army of the South, under the command of Lieutenant General Edwin von Manteuffel won over the French Eastern Army under the command of General Justin Clinchant, the battle forced the French Eastern Army to withdraw to neutral Switzerland. The strong efforts of the German armies led by General August von Werder in The previous Battle of the Lisaine, as well as that of General Von Manteuffel's armies at the Battle of Pontarlier, resulted in the collapse of the assault on southern Germany which the Eastern Army had expected to be ruined. At the same time, the defeat of the Eastern Army finally forced the French Interior Minister Léon Gambetta to end resistance to the Germans. The defeat at Pontarlier also brought the French heavy losses, including a large number of soldiers being taken prisoner.
附近的前后事件
- 1848年法國二月革命
- 1848年共产党宣言
- 1859年物种起源
- 1870年7月 – 1871年1月普法戰爭本页
- 1871年德意志统一
- 1886年伯尔尼保护文学和艺术作品公约
- 1914年第一次马恩河战役
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