大北方戰爭
- 时期
- 1700年 – 1721年
- 阵营
- 俄国及其盟友 vs 瑞典
- 战役
- 51
大北方战争 是1700年至1721年欧洲地区发生的大规模冲突，交战双方分别为瑞典帝国及其盟友，与俄罗斯沙皇国、波兰立陶宛联邦和萨克森选侯国共主邦联、丹麦-挪威组成的反瑞联盟。1700年，丹麦-挪威入侵瑞典盟友霍尔斯坦-戈托普公国，萨克森及俄罗斯向瑞典宣战。瑞典则迫使丹麦退出战争，在纳尔瓦之战大败俄军，横扫过波兰立陶宛，罢黜波兰国王奥古斯特二世，并在1706年的弗劳施塔特之战后占领萨克森。1709年，瑞典国王卡尔十二世率军入侵俄罗斯，在波尔塔瓦之战战败后逃至奥斯曼帝国。
来源: 维基百科 — 大北方戰爭 · CC BY-SA 4.0
战役 51
1700年
納爾瓦之戰 (1700年)
纳尔瓦之役 发生于1700年11月30日，俄罗斯帝国入侵瑞典领土。最终瑞典国王卡尔十二世以一流的战术大败沙皇彼得大帝的大军。这场战役是大北方战争的开端。
1700年
里加圍城戰 (1700年)
里加围城战指的是大北方战争期间，发生于1700年2月22日及6月15日在里加的两场围城战。瑞典四千名守军在埃里克·达尔堡的指挥下成功击退萨克森的部队，直到瑞典主力军在卡尔十二世在里加战役横扫萨克森军后，彻底在当年解围了里加。下一次尝试从瑞典手中夺取里加的企图，要往后到1710年，彼得大帝率领俄军所发起的里加围城战。
1701年
橫渡迪納河
横渡迪纳河（也被称为里加战役）是大北方战争一场重要事件，发生于1701年7月19日的里加（位于今日拉脱维亚境内）。当时瑞典国王卡尔十二世率军紧追波兰立陶宛联邦国王兼萨克森选帝侯奥古斯特二世。瑞军最终轻易横渡，而联军则是迅速崩溃与败逃。
1701年
Battle of Rauge
The Battle of Rauge took place on 15 September 1701 near Rõuge, Livonia during the Great Northern War in which the Swedes defeated the numerically superior Russians.
1702年
Battle of Kliszów
The Battle of Kliszów took place on 19 July 1702, near the village of Kliszów in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the Great Northern War. A Swedish army under the command of King Charles XII of Sweden defeated a Polish–Saxon army twice the size that was led by King Augustus II the Strong.
1702年
Battle of Hummelshof
Battle of Hummelshof took place on 18 July 1702 (O.S.) near the small town Hummelshof in Swedish Livonia. It was the second significant Russian victory in the Great Northern War in which a Russian army under Boris Sheremetev attacked a much smaller force under Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach and defeated it after experiencing similar casualties to the Swedes. This was a final blow to the Swedish force defending Livonia and the defeat left it fully open to Russian attacks.
1702年
Siege of Nöteborg (1702)
The siege of Nöteborg was one of the first sieges of the Great Northern War, when Russian forces captured the Swedish fortress of Nöteborg in October 1702. Peter the Great had assembled a force of 20,000 men for this task, and marched for ten days to his destination. About 12,000 of these men were positioned on the banks of the Neva river, where they camped until 6 October (N.S.). On that day, after giving command of the main force to Boris Sheremetev, he moved toward Nöteborg. After the Swedish commander, Wilhelm von Schlippenbach, refused to give up the fort immediately, the Russians began bombarding it. A final Russian assault on the fort was tactically unsuccessful, resulting in heavy casualties, but forced the fort's defenders to surrender on 22 October 1702. After taking control, Peter immediately began reconstructing the fort for his own purposes, renaming it Shlisselburg.
1702年
Battle of Erastfer
The Battle of Erastfer took place on 29 December 1701 (O.S.) / 30 December 1701 / 9 January / 1702 (N.S.) near Erastfer in eastern Swedish Livonia between a Russian force of around 13,000 regulars along with 6,000 irregulars led by general Boris Sheremetev and a Swedish force of about 3,470 men, under the command of Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach. The Swedes were defeated, with a loss of 1,000 men killed and captured along with all their artillery pieces. The Russians sustained about 1,000 killed along with another 2,000 wounded.
1702年
維爾紐斯戰役 (1702年)
大北方战争期间的维尔纽斯战役，发生于1702年4月16日的维尔纽斯（立陶宛大公国首都）。立陶宛大公证人 路德维克·波切伊在看到这座城市早就被瑞典军队占领后，率领三千人 的部队发起突袭。他们遭遇对手，是由卡尔·古斯塔夫·莫纳率领为数相当的三千名驻军，但因严重的疾病，导致守军实际上降至接近两千五百人。战斗前，单单达拉军团 就从原先的一千两百人降至七百四十人。但瑞军还是击败了波兰立陶宛的部队，使后者被迫在战死100人并损失两门加农炮后撤退，而瑞军仅仅在战斗中损失五十人。瑞典持续控制维尔纽斯，直到莫纳为了加入卡尔十二世对抗奥古斯都二世的战役而离开。随后瑞典将军卡尔·古斯塔夫·杜克再次于1706年夺回该城。
1703年
普烏圖斯克戰役 (1703年)
大北方战争期间的普乌图斯克战役发生于1703年4月21日的普乌图斯克。瑞军在卡尔十二世的率领下击败了亚当·海因里希·冯·施泰诺的萨克森部队。卡尔十二世随后在12月攻占托伦。
1703年
薩拉登戰役
萨拉登战役发生于1703年3月19日的萨洛奇埃附近（位于今日立陶宛境内），是大北方战争中的一场战役，最终由瑞典取胜。
1703年
托恩圍城戰 (1703年)
大北方战争期间的托恩围城战发生于1703年5月至10月14日，起因于卡尔十二世亲率瑞军围攻由冯·卡尼兹将军 指挥的萨克森守军。最终瑞军在围攻中取得了胜利，所有守军都向对方投降。
1703年
Battle of Systerbäck
The Battle of Systerbäck took place on July 19, 1703 near the Sestra River during the Great Northern War. The Swedish army under the command of Abraham Cronhjort had to pull back to escape encirclement of the much larger Russian force under Boris Sheremetev. The two sides estimated their losses to 390 Swedish dead and wounded and 150 Russians dead and wounded.
1704年
Siege of Narva (1704)
The siege of Narva, also known as the second battle of Narva, was the second Russian siege of Swedish Narva during the Great Northern War from 8 July to 20 August 1704.
1704年
Battle of Jakobstadt
The Battle of Jakobstadt was fought in the Great Northern War. It took place on 25 July 1704 (O.S.) / 26 July 1704 / 5 August 1704 (N.S.) between a Swedish army under Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt and a combined Polish/Russian force under Great Hetman Michał Serwacy Wiśniowiecki at the town of Jēkabpils in the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia. The Swedes were victorious.
1704年
Battle of Poniec
The Battle of Poniec took place on 7 November 1704 (N.S.) at Poniec, in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, during the Great Northern War. With a force of cavalry and dragoons, Charles XII of Sweden successfully dislodged the Saxon Army under Johann Matthias von der Schulenburg from Poniec. To fend off the Swedish pursuit, Schulenburg formed a massive square formation at Moraczewo. Having failed to break it, Charles XII called off the attacks at the approach of night. This allowed Schulenburg to escape into neutral Silesia. With Greater Poland cleared of Saxon troops, the Swedes shattered their Cossack and Russian allies at Bełcz Wielki and Tillendorf.
1704年
倫堡戰役 (1704年)
伦堡战役发生在1704年9月6日的伦堡（现利维夫），是大北方战争的一场战役，因当地领主加维兹基拒绝向瑞典提供捐献，导致卡尔十二世率军进攻。最终瑞典取得胜利，大多数的守军被俘。
1704年
Battle of Poznań (1704)
The Battle of Poznań took place on 19 August 1704 (N.S.) in Poznań, Poland during the Great Northern War.
1704年
Battle of Wesenberg (1704)
The Battle of Wesenberg took place on 26 June 1704 close to Rakvere (Wesenberg) during the Great Northern War. The Swedish cavalry force of 1,400 men under the command of Wolmar Anton von Schlippenbach retreated before Carl Ewald von Rönnes larger force. However, the Swedes were caught at Wesenberg and after a valiant defense they had been close to annihilated with only 400 managing to escape towards Reval the rest was either killed or captured. The Russian losses are unknown.
1705年
Battle of Gemauerthof
The Battle of Gemauerthof took place during the Great Northern War, fought south of Riga near Jelgava, in present-day Latvia in July 1705. The Swedish forces under Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt fought a Russian army under Boris Sheremetev. The Swedes were victorious, but the victory was only symbolic. In August, the Russians conquered Courland.
1706年
Battle of Fraustadt
The Battle of Fraustadt was fought on 2 February 1706 (O.S.) / 3 February 1706 / 13 February 1706 (N.S.) near Fraustadt, now Wschowa, Poland, during the Great Northern War. A Swedish army under Carl Gustaf Rehnskiöld defeated a larger Saxon–Russian force commanded by Johann Matthias von der Schulenburg, consisting of troops from Saxony, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, German mercenaries, and the Tsardom of Russia.
1706年
Battle of Kalisz
The Battle of Kalisz took place on 29 October 1706 in Kalisz, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth during the Great Northern War. The battle was fought between an anti-Swedish army of Russians, Saxons and Poles led by Augustus the Strong and Russian general Alexander Danilovich Menshikov, and a Swedish–Polish–Lithuanian army headed by colonel Arvid Axel Mardefelt, loyal to Stanisław Leszczyński. The battle, which occurred as peace had been concluded between Sweden and Saxony, marked Sweden's only major defeat in Poland during the war and temporarily secured a major part of Greater Poland for the coalition. However, they failed to exploit their success as Augustus returned to Saxony soon thereafter to abide by the peace treaty, while Charles XII sent a new corps of 8,000 Swedes into Greater Poland.
1706年
Battle of Kletsk (1706)
The Battle of Kletsk took place on 30 April 1706, in- and outside the city of Kletsk, Belarus during Charles XII's Polish campaign of 1701–1706, in the Great Northern War. The Swedish forces were led by Carl Gustaf Creutz who defeated a larger Russian–Cossack force under the command of Semjon Nepljujev and Danylo Apostol. Many of the Russian and Cossack regiments participating in the battle were wiped out and ceased to exist as fighting units. Some historians consider the main reason for the defeat to be the actions of the Ukrainian Cossacks, who immediately turned into a blameless flight at the sight of the Swedish attacks, disrupting the formation of the Russian units behind them.
1708年
Battle of Lesnaya
The Battle of Lesnaya was fought on 9 October 1708 during the Swedish invasion of Russia in the Great Northern War. Russia was the sole remaining enemy of Sweden following the dissolution of the anti-Swedish coalition in 1706. Peter I of Russia led a flying corps, supported by two additional divisions, to destroy a convoy under general Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt that was heading for the Swedish main army in Ukraine with reinforcements and supplies. Peter caught up with the convoy at the village of Lesnaya (Lyasnaya) in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, present-day Belarus.
1708年
Battle of Holowczyn
The Battle of Holowczyn was fought in July 1708 between the Russian army and the Swedish army, led by Charles XII of Sweden, who was only 26 years of age at the time. Despite difficult natural obstacles and superior enemy artillery, the Swedes were able to achieve surprise and defeat the numerically superior Russian forces, who were separated from each other, had no overall command and could not coordinate their actions, disallowing them an engagement in full force. Reportedly, it was Charles' favourite victory.
1708年
Sack of Baturyn
The sack of Baturyn, or the Baturyn tragedy was the 1708 seizure of the city of Baturyn and its Fortress during the Great Northern War (1700–1721), by Russian troops under the command of Alexander Danilovich Menshikov. They captured and destroyed Baturyn on 2 November 1708 O.S.. The fortress of Baturyn was the capital of the Cossack Hetmanate at the time of Ivan Mazepa. According to various estimates, between 9,000 and 15,000 civilians and defenders of Baturyn were killed.
1708年
Battle of Malatitze
The Battle of Molyatichi, also known as the Battle of Dobroye, took place on 31 August 1708 at Molyatichi during the Great Northern War. The Russian army of Peter the Great under the command of Mikhail Golitsyn launched a surprise attack on the isolated vanguard of Charles XII's Swedish Army, under the direct command of Carl Gustaf Roos, in order to destroy it. Their cavalry was unable to arrive in time to cut Roos' command off before Swedish reinforcements arrived, forcing the Russians to retreat.
1708年 – 1709年
Siege of Vepryk
The siege of Vepryk or Veprik took place on 3–18 January 1709 during the Poltava campaign in the Northern War in Ukraine near the Ukrainian city of Vepryk. The town was defended by a garrison of about 1,500 men, from who 1,100 were soldiers of Pereiaslav Regiment and the rest were Zaporozhian Cossacks.
1708年
Battle of Koniecpol
The Battle of Koniecpol was an encounter in November 1708 during the Great Northern War.
1709年
波爾塔瓦戰役
波尔塔瓦之战 是俄国彼得大帝的军队与瑞典卡尔十二世的军队于1709年6月27日（儒略历；格里历7月8日、瑞典历6月28日）所发生的一场会战，是大北方战争中最大规模的决定性会战。俄军的胜利终结了瑞典作为欧洲列强的时代。
1709年 – 1710年
Siege of Riga (1709–1710)
The siege of Riga in 1709–1710 was a military operation of the army of the Tsardom of Russia during the Great Northern War against the forces of the Swedish Empire defending the fortress of Riga. As a result of the operation, Riga was taken by Russian troops.
1710年
Battle of Helsingborg
The Battle of Helsingborg was the last major engagement of the Great Northern War to take place on Swedish soil. It resulted in a decisive victory of a Swedish force of 14,000 men under the command of Magnus Stenbock against a Danish force of equal strength under the command of Jørgen Rantzau, ensuring that Denmark's final effort to regain the Scanian territories that it had lost to Sweden in 1658 failed. The battle was fought on 10 March 1710 (N.S.) in the province of Scania, just outside the city of Helsingborg, and directly on the Ringstorp heights just north-east of the city.
1710年
Siege of Viborg (1710)
The siege of Viborg took place in the spring of 1710 during the Great Northern War (1700–1721), as a second attempt by the Russians to capture the fortress port of Viborg, near the modern border between Russia and Finland, after a failed attempt in 1706. After the outbreak of the war, Swedish forces had fortified themselves in the port of Viborg. In order to assure safety for the newly founded city of Saint Petersburg, Peter the Great ordered the Swedish fort to be secured. A first unsuccessful attempt was made in 1706. Later plans were put on hold because of other ongoing conflicts but, after the Russian success at the Battle of Poltava in June 1709, the men and resources were available to capture the town.
1711年 – 1715年
Siege of Stralsund (1711–1715)
The siege of Stralsund was an armed engagement during the Great Northern War. The Swedish Empire defended her Swedish Pomeranian port of Stralsund against a coalition of Denmark-Norway, the Electorate of Saxony and the Tsardom of Russia, which was joined by the Kingdom of Prussia during the siege.
1712年
Battle of Gadebusch
The Battle of Gadebusch or Wakenstädt was Sweden's final great victory in the Great Northern War. It was fought by the Swedes to prevent the loss of the city of Stralsund to Danish and Saxon forces.
1713年
Skirmish at Bender
The Skirmish at Bender was devised to remove Charles XII of Sweden from the Ottoman Empire after his military defeats in Russia. It took place on 1 February 1713 (O.S.) or 12 February 1713 (N.S.) on Ottoman territory, in what is now the town of Bender, Moldova.
1713年
Battle of Pälkäne
The Battle of Pälkäne, sometimes called the Battle at Kostianvirta or Battle on the Pialkiane River was fought between the Russian army under Admiral Fyodor Apraksin and the defending Finnish army of the Swedish Empire under General Carl Gustaf Armfeldt on 17 October 1713 (N.S.), as part of the Great Northern War. It resulted in a Russian victory, although General Armfeldt was able to withdraw his army in good order.
1713年
Battle of Hogland (1713)
The Battle of Hogland was a naval battle between Sweden and Russia which took place on 21–22 July 1713 near the Kalbådagrund shoal in the Gulf of Finland, 50 km (31 mi) south of Porvoo, Sweden. It was an indecisive engagement, part of the Great Northern War.
1714年
甘古特会战
甘古特会战 发生于1714年8月7日，是大北方战争（1700年-1721年）中瑞典海军及俄国海军的其中一场海战。海战发生于芬兰南部的汉科半岛，邻近现今的汉科市。这场海战是俄罗斯历史上第一次重要的海战胜利。“甘古特”一词是从瑞典语“汉科半岛”的俄语转译。此战的胜利加速了《尼斯塔德和约》的签订，从而结束了北方战争。
1714年
Battle of Napue
The Battle of Napue, the Battle of Isokyrö (Storkyro), or the Battle of Lappola was fought on 2 March [O.S. 19 February] 1714 at the villages of Napue and Laurola, located in the Isokyrö parish of the Swedish Empire. The battle took place between the Swedish Empire and the Tsardom of Russia and was the final land battle of the Finnish campaign in the Great Northern War.
1714年
Siege of Tönning
During the Great Northern War, the fortress of Tönning in the territory of Holstein-Gottorp, an ally of the Swedish Empire, was besieged twice. Denmark–Norway was forced to lift the first siege in 1700, but a combined force of the anti-Swedish coalition successfully besieged and took Tönning in 1713–1714.
1715年
Battle of Stresow
The Landing on Groß Stresow by an anti-Swedish coalition Prussian, Norwegian, Danish and Saxon troops took place on 15 November 1715 on the island of Rügen during the Great Northern War. At the time, Rügen was a possession of the Swedish Empire, the opponent of the coalition forces.
1715年
Battle of Rügen (1715)
Battle of Rügen was a major naval battle fought on 8 August 1715 (N.S.) off Jasmund on the Swedish island of Rügen during the Great Northern War.
1716年
Battle of Dynekilen
The naval Battle of Dynekilen took place on 8 July 1716 during the Great Northern War between a Dano-Norwegian fleet under Peter Tordenskjold and a Swedish fleet under Olof Strömstierna. The battle resulted in a Dano-Norwegian victory.
1717年
Battle of Gothenburg
The Battle of Gothenburg was a Danish-Norwegian attempt to destroy the Swedish squadron in Gothenburg, which was led by Olof Strömstierna. The Danes were led by the famous Peter Tordenskjold. The Swedish land defence was led by Fredrik of Hessen, and it consisted of the land batteries Billingen and Rya Nabbe with 12 guns each, and the Älvsborg fortress, who had 400 soldiers with 90 guns.
1717年
Battle of Strömstad
The Battle of Strömstad took place on 19 July 1717 (N.S.) at Strömstad during the Great Northern War. The Swedish army of about 1,800 men under the command of Johan Giertta defeated the Danish fleet of several larger vessels and perhaps 4,000 men under Peder Tordenskjold. Peter tried to destroy the stocks of supplies Sweden had gathered for the upcoming invasion of Norway. In the battle about 200 Swedes were either dead or wounded and about 350 Norwegians.
1718年
Siege of Fredriksten
The siege of Fredriksten was an attack on the Norwegian fortress of Fredriksten in the city of Fredrikshald by King Charles XII of Sweden. While inspecting his troops' lines, Charles XII was killed by a projectile. The Swedes broke off the siege, and the Norwegians held the fortress. Along with the Treaty of Nystad three years later, the death of Charles XII marked the end of the imperial era in Sweden, and the beginning of the Age of Liberty in that country.
1719年
Battle of Ösel Island
The Battle of Ösel Island took place on 4 June 1719 (N.S.), during the Great Northern War. It was fought near the island of Saaremaa (Ösel).
1719年
Battle of Stäket
The Battle of Stäket was a minor battle on 24 August 1719 (N.S.) during the Great Northern War. A probing Russian force, circumventing Vaxholm Castle, attempted to pass through Baggensstäket, a very narrow passage in the Stockholm archipelago. After a counterattack by Södermanlands regemente the Russian force were defeated and departed.
1719年
Attack on Marstrand
The attack on Marstrand was a successful Dano-Norwegian siege of the Swedish town of Marstrand and Carlsten fortress which took place between 21–27 July 1719 (N.S.) during the end of the Great Northern War.
1720年
Battle of Grengam
The Battle of Grengam of 1720 was the last major naval battle of the Great Northern War. It took place in Åland, in the Ledsund strait between the island communities of Föglö and Lemland. Russian forces captured four Swedish vessels, and the battle is generally regarded as a Russian victory; however, the extent of Russian losses and the strategic significance of the result have been disputed in later historiography. Russian forces conducted further operations against the Swedish coast in 1721 before the Treaty of Nystad ended the war.
附近的前后事件
- 988年基輔羅斯的基督教化
- 1700年 – 1721年大北方戰爭本页
- 1709年波爾塔瓦戰役
- 1943年库尔斯克会战
- 1986年切尔诺贝利核事故
统治这片土地的国家
根据历史疆域数据（Cliopatria），此地曾属于以下国家。年份按数据间隔（数年至百年）为近似值。点击可查看当年的地图。