三十年戰爭
- 时期
- 1618年 – 1648年
- 阵营
- 神圣罗马帝国与天主教联盟 vs 新教诸邦、瑞典与法国
- 战役
- 66
三十年战争 是1618年至1648年爆发的欧洲军事冲突，交战双方分别为法兰西王国、瑞典王国、荷兰共和国和神圣罗马帝国新教诸侯组成的反哈布斯堡王朝联盟，与哈布斯堡王朝所统治的帝国诸领地和西班牙帝国。这场战争是当时欧洲最血腥的宗教战争，致450万至800万士兵与平民死亡，德意志地区人口仅剩原先一半。这场战争的相关冲突包括八十年战争、曼图亚王位继承战争、法西战争、托尔斯腾森战争、荷兰—葡萄牙战争和葡萄牙王政复辟战争。
来源: 维基百科 — 三十年戰爭 · CC BY-SA 4.0
战役 66
1618年
比爾森圍城戰
比尔森围城战 是波希米亚的新教徒在恩斯特·冯·曼斯菲尔德的领导下，对筑有要塞的比尔森城发动的攻城战，结果是新教徒胜利并占领了城市。本战役是三十年战争中的第一场大型战役，它进一步扩大了波希米亚起义的规模。
1618年
Battle of Lomnice
The Battle of Lomnice or Lomnice nad Lužnicí occurred on 9 November 1618, during the Bohemian period of the Thirty Years' War. It was fought between the Habsburg Roman Catholic army of Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy, and the Protestant army of Jindřich Matyáš Thurn.
1619年
Battle of Sablat
The Battle of Sablat or Záblatí occurred on 10 June 1619, during the Bohemian period of the Thirty Years' War. The battle was fought between a Roman Catholic Imperial army led by Charles Bonaventure de Longueval, Count of Bucquoy and the Protestant army of Ernst von Mansfeld.
1619年
Battle of Wisternitz
The Battle of Wisternitz or Dolní Věstonice was fought on 5 August 1619 between a Moravian force of the Bohemian Confederation under Friedrich von Tiefenbach (Teuffenbach) and a Habsburg army under Henri de Dampierre. The battle was a Moravian victory. The battle is part of the Thirty Years' War.
1619年
Battle of Humenné
The Battle of Humenné took place on 22–23 November 1619 near Humenné during the first period of the Thirty Years' War between the Transylvanian army and the joined loyalist Hungarian and Polish forces of Lisowczycy. It was the only battle of that war to involve the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth.
1620年
白山之戰
白山之战 发生于1620年11月8日，是三十年战争初期的一场会战，由安哈尔特公爵克里斯蒂安率领的21,000名波希米亚及佣兵部队在布拉格附近的白山被神圣罗马帝国皇帝费迪南二世阵营的23,000名联军部队击败。联军由让·德·蒂利指挥的天主教联盟军队和夏尔·德·比夸指挥的帝国军组成，这场会战终结了三十年战争中波希米亚战区的战事。
1620年 – 1623年
普法爾茨戰役
普法尔茨战役（1620年8月30日-1623年8月27日），也被称为西班牙普法尔茨的征服或三十年战争的普法尔茨阶段，是神圣罗马帝国军队在下普法尔茨针对新教联盟进行的一场战役。在8月的最后一天，在沿著莱茵河进行了不祥的一周后，安布罗吉奥·斯皮诺拉将一支由24,000人组成的帝国军队投入了下普法尔茨。到10月1日，他们占领了巴特克罗伊茨纳赫、奥本海姆和巴哈拉赫，并占领了贝格施特拉瑟。
1620年
Capture of Bacharach
The Capture of Bacharach took place on 1 October 1620 at Bacharach, Electorate of the Palatinate. The conflict was between the Spanish forces commanded by Don Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba and the Protestant forces of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, during the Palatinate campaign in the context of the Thirty Years' War. After a quick start of the invasion of states of Frederick V, proclaimed King of Bohemia, the operations slowed in mid-September, after the Capture of Oppenheim. Don Ambrosio Spinola, the Spanish general in command, assessed at a council of war the choice between undertaking the siege of Heidelberg or, secondarily, the town of Bacharach. The Spanish officers decided to take Bacharach due to the small number of Frederick's scattered forces. On 1 October Córdoba captured Bacharach with a force of 2,500 soldiers, forcing the Anglo-German defenders to surrender.
1620年
Siege of Kreuznach
The siege of Kreuznach or the Spanish capture of Kreuznach took place on 10 September 1620, at Kreuznach in the Palatinate, where the Army of Flanders, led by the Spanish Don Ambrosio Spinola, defeated the troops of Frederick V, Elector of the Palatinate, during the Palatinate campaign of the Thirty Years' War. The Army of Flanders was a multinational army in the service of the kings of Spain that was based in the Netherlands during the 16th to 18th centuries. Spinola's troops stormed Bad Kreuznach and its garrison surrendered. Later the town was freed on an oath not to rebel against the Holy Roman Empire.
1621年 – 1623年
Siege of Frankenthal
The siege of Frankenthal was a siege of the Palatinate campaign during the Thirty Years' War. A Spanish army under Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba besieged the Palatinate fortified city of Frankenthal and its mostly English garrison commanded by John Burroughs. The siege lasted from 1621 to 20 March 1623, when King James I ordered the city to surrender.
1622年
Battle of Mingolsheim
The Battle of Mingolsheim was fought on 27 April 1622, near the German village of Wiesloch, 23 km (14 mi) south of Heidelberg, between a Protestant army under General von Mansfeld, Hans Michael Elias von Obentraut, and the Margrave of Baden-Durlach against a Roman Catholic army under Count Tilly.
1622年
Battle of Wimpfen
The Battle of Wimpfen took place during the Palatinate campaign period of the Thirty Years' War on 6 May 1622 near Wimpfen.
1622年
Battle of Fleurus (1622)
The Battle of Fleurus, 29 August 1622, took place during the Thirty Years' War near Fleurus in Belgium, then part of the Spanish Netherlands. A Spanish army commanded by Córdoba defeated a larger Protestant mercenary force under Ernst von Mansfeld and Christian of Brunswick.
1622年
Battle of Höchst
The Battle of Höchst was fought between a Catholic League army led by Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly and a Protestant army commanded by Christian the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, close to the town of Höchst, today a suburb of the city of Frankfurt am Main. The result was a one-sided Catholic League victory. The action occurred during the Thirty Years' War.
1622年
Siege of Heidelberg (1622)
The siege of Heidelberg or the Imperial-Spanish capture of Heildelberg took place from 23 July to 19 September 1622, at Heidelberg, Electorate of the Palatinate, between the Imperial-Spanish army led by Johan Tzerclaes, Count of Tilly and Don Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba against the Anglo-Protestant forces of Frederick V, Elector Palatine, commanded by Sir Gerard Herbert and Sir Horace Vere during the Palatinate campaign, in the context of the Thirty Years' War. On 16 September the city of Heidelberg was taken by storm, and the Heidelberg Castle surrendered three days later to the Imperial and Spanish forces.
1623年
Battle of Stadtlohn
The Battle of Stadtlohn was fought on 6 August 1623 between the armies of the Electoral Palatinate and of the Catholic League during the Thirty Years' War. The League's forces were led by Johann Tserclaes, Count of Tilly, the Protestants by Christian of Brunswick. The battle resulted in a resounding Catholic victory that largely ended the military resistance of the Palatinate forces and thus marked the end of the first phase of the Thirty Years' War.
1626年
盧特之戰
卢特之战 是三十年战争期间发生于1626年8月27日的一场会战，作战双方一边为由丹麦国王克里斯蒂安四世率领的以新教国家为主的军队，另一边为由天主教国家组建的军队。战役发生地巴伦山麓卢特位于萨尔茨吉特以南。最终克里斯蒂安四世的部队被由约翰·塞尔克拉斯率领的神圣罗马帝国皇帝斐迪南二世的部队重创。
1626年
Battle of Dessau Bridge
The Battle of Dessau Bridge was a significant battle of the Thirty Years' War between Danish Protestants and the Imperial German Catholic forces on the Elbe River outside Dessau, Germany on 25 April 1626.
1628年
Siege of Stralsund (1628)
The Siege of Stralsund, 13 May to 4 August 1628, took place during the Thirty Years' War when an Imperial Army under Albrecht von Wallenstein attempted to capture the key Baltic Sea port of Stralsund. Then an independent city and part of the Hanseatic League, Stralsund was initially reinforced by small numbers of Scots mercenaries in Danish service, before Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden sent a larger force under Alexander Leslie.
1628年
Battle of Wolgast
The Battle of Wolgast took place on 2 September 1628 during the Thirty Years' War, outside Wolgast in Pomerania. An Imperial army under Albrecht von Wallenstein defeated a Danish expedition commanded by Christian IV of Denmark, and forced them to evacuate the town.
1631年
布賴滕費爾德之戰 (1631年)
布赖滕费尔德之战，或称第一次布赖滕费尔德之战。瑞典国王古斯塔夫二世指挥的瑞典－萨克森联军在此战击败帝国元帅让·采克拉斯·德·蒂利指挥的天主教军队，被视为是新教势力在三十年战争中的首次重大胜利。1630年，古斯塔夫二世率领部队登陆波美拉尼亚公国，直接干预德意志战局。1631年夏季，蒂利伯爵率军入侵萨克森选侯国，使萨克森选侯约翰·格奥尔格一世与瑞典结盟，两国聚集了超过4万人，准备与蒂利的部队交战。
1631年
洗劫馬格德堡
洗劫马格德堡，是指三十年战争中，1630年冬至1631年5月，天主教军队对新教城市马格德堡的围攻。
1631年
Battle of Werben
The Battle of Werben took place during the Thirty Years' War on 7 August 1631 (N.S.), between the Swedish Empire and the Holy Roman Empire. The Swedes had 15,100 soldiers and were led by Gustavus Adolphus, while the Imperialists had 16,200 soldiers and were led by Field-Marshal Count Tilly. Tilly's troops attacked Gustavus' entrenchments in front of Werben (Elbe), but Swedish batteries and the cavalry under Wolf Heinrich von Baudissin forced them to retreat, at the cost of 6,000 Imperials and 200 Swedes.
1631年
Battle of Frankfurt an der Oder
The Battle of Frankfurt an der Oder on 13 April 1631 took place during the Thirty Years' War. The Imperial city of Frankfurt an der Oder was taken by a Swedish army, the first town within the Empire to be occupied outside Pomerania, where Sweden had established a bridgehead in 1630.
1632年
吕岑之战 (1632年)
吕岑之战发生于1632年11月16日，是三十年战争的决定性会战之一，主要由瑞典、萨克森和黑森-卡塞尔军队组成的新教联军以微弱优势击败了阿尔布雷希特·冯·华伦斯坦领导的帝国军队取得胜利，但是却失去了他们最重要的领袖之一古斯塔夫二世·阿道夫，从而导致其军事行动陷入停滞。
1632年
賴恩之戰
赖恩之战 又被称为莱希河之战，是指1632年4月15日，在巴伐利亚选侯国赖恩的莱希河附近发生的一场会战。这场会战属于三十年战争的一部分，交战双方分别是由瑞典国王古斯塔夫二世·阿道夫领导的瑞典-德国军队，以及由蒂利伯爵约翰·塞尔克拉斯领导的天主教联盟／神圣罗马帝国军队。这场会战是继布赖滕费尔德之战之后，古斯塔夫二世·阿道夫与约翰·塞尔克拉斯第二度在战场上交手。最终是瑞典军队取得胜利，而约翰·塞尔克拉斯则在过程中受到重伤，并在后来伤重不治。
1632年
Battle of the Alte Veste
The Battle of the Alte Veste or Battle of Fürth was a significant battle of the Thirty Years' War in which Gustavus Adolphus' attacking forces were defeated by Wallenstein's entrenched troops. It was fought on 3 September 1632 between the Catholic forces of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand II and the Protestant forces of King Gustavus II Adolphus of Sweden during the period of Swedish intervention in the Thirty Years War.
1632年
Siege of Nuremberg
The siege of Nuremberg was a campaign that took place in 1632 about the Imperial City of Nuremberg during the Thirty Years' War.
1632年
Battle of Wiesloch (1632)
The Battle of Wiesloch occurred on 16 August 1632 during the Thirty Years' War near the German city of Wiesloch, south of Heidelberg.
1633年
Battle of Oldendorf
The Battle of Oldendorf, took place on 8 July 1633 during the Thirty Years' War near Hessisch-Oldendorf in Lower Saxony. Troops besieging Hamelin led by the Duke of Brunswick combined with their Swedish allies to defeat an Imperial army sent to relieve the town.
1634年
讷德林根之战
讷德林根之战（有时也称为阿尔布赫之战）发生于1634年9月6日，地点在德国南部讷德林根附近，是三十年战争的一部分。战斗中，由马蒂亚斯·加拉斯率领的天主教联军彻底击败了新教联军。新教联军由古斯塔夫·霍恩和伯恩哈德·魏玛率领，试图拯救讷德林根，以免它落入围攻的神圣罗马军队手中。
1634年
Battle of Strasbourg Bridge
The Battle of Strasbourg Bridge, 26 to 27 September 1634, took place during the Thirty Years' War, outside the Free imperial city of Strasbourg. Following their defeat at Nördlingen on 6 September by an Imperial-Spanish force, the Swedish commander, Otto Louis, tried to retreat over the Rhine using the Strasbourg bridge.
1635年
Battle of Les Avins
The Battle of Les Avins took place on 20 May 1635, outside the town of Les Avins, near Huy in modern Belgium, then part of the Bishopric of Liège. It was the first major engagement of the 1635 to 1659 Franco-Spanish War, a connected conflict of the Thirty Years' War.
1635年
Siege of Leuven
The siege of Leuven was an important siege in the Thirty Years' War in which a Franco-Dutch army under Frederick Henry of Orange and the French Marshals Urbain de Maillé-Brezé and Gaspard III de Coligny, who had invaded the Spanish Netherlands from two sides, laid siege to the city of Leuven, defended by a force of 4,000 comprising local citizen and student militias with Walloons, Germans, Spanish and Irish of the Army of Flanders under Anthonie Schetz, Baron of Grobbendonck. Poor organization and logistics and the spread of sickness among the French, along with the appearance of an Imperial-Spanish relief army of 11,000 under Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand and Ottavio Piccolomini, forced the invading army to lift the siege. This failure allowed the Spanish forces to take the initiative and soon the invaders were forced into a headlong retreat.
1636年
Battle of Wittstock
The Battle of Wittstock was fought on 4 October 1636, near Wittstock in northern Germany, during the Thirty Years' War. A Swedish army commanded jointly by Johan Banér and Alexander Leslie won a decisive victory against a combined Imperial-Saxon army, led by Count Melchior von Hatzfeld and John George I, Elector of Saxony.
1638年
Battle of Rheinfelden
The Battle of Rheinfelden was a military event in the course of the Thirty Years' War, consisting in fact of two battles to the north and south of the present-day town of Rheinfelden. On one side was a French-allied mercenary army led by Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar while the other side consisted of a joint Bavarian and Holy Roman Empire army and led by Johann von Werth and Federico Savelli. Bernhard was beaten in the first battle but managed to defeat and capture Werth and Savelli in the second.
1638年
Siege of Fuenterrabía (1638)
The siege of Hondarribia of 1638 took place in June – September 1638, between Spain and France during the Thirty Years' War and the Franco-Spanish War (1635-1659).
1638年
Siege of Breisach
The siege of Breisach was fought on 18 August — 17 December 1638 as part of the Thirty Years' War. It ended after several unsuccessful relief attempts by Imperial forces with the surrender of the Imperial garrison to Bernard of Saxe-Weimar, commander of a Protestant army in French service.
1638年
Battle of Wittenweiher
The Battle of Wittenweiher took place on August 9, 1638, near the village of Wittenweiher today: Wittenweier, a district of Schwanau, Baden-Württemberg, which was completely destroyed in the course of the battle.
1638年
Battle of Vlotho
The Battle of Vlotho was fought on 17 October 1638. It was a victory for the Imperial Army under the command of Field Marshal Melchior von Hatzfeldt, and ended the attempt by Charles I Louis, Elector Palatine, to recapture the Electoral Palatinate.
1639年
Battle of Chemnitz
The Battle of Chemnitz, 14 April 1639, took place near Chemnitz in Saxony during the Thirty Years' War. Swedish forces under Johan Banér inflicted a crushing defeat on a combined Saxon/Imperial detachment under Rodolfo Giovanni Marazzino and von Puchheim.
1639年
Relief of Thionville
The relief of Thionville took place on 7 June 1639, during the Thirty Years' War. The allied Imperial-Spanish forces under the overall command of Ottavio Piccolomini hammered the French force under the leadership of Marquis de Feuquieres, causing it to lift the siege of the Thionville stronghold.
1640年
都靈圍城戰 (1640年)
都灵围城战 发生于1640年5月22日至9月20日，是法西战争和皮埃蒙特内战两场战争的重大围城战。当卡里尼亚诺亲王率领的部队攻占都灵时，支持摄政王法兰西的克莉丝汀的法军部队撤退至城中的堡垒内并继续战斗。一支由阿尔库尔伯爵和蒂雷纳子爵率领的法国-皮埃蒙特联军包围了在城中的托马索亲王部队。而西班牙的解围部队同时也在包围法国军队。这场战斗最终以法国胜利，托马索亲王有条件的投降告终。
1640年
Siege of Arras (1640)
The siege of Arras took place from 22 June to 9 August 1640, during the Franco-Spanish War that had begun in 1635, a connected conflict of the Thirty Years' War. A French army besieged the Spanish-held town of Arras, capital of the province of Artois, then part of the Spanish Netherlands, which surrendered after holding out for 48 days.
1641年
Battle of La Marfée
The Battle of La Marfée took place on 6 July 1641, during the 1635 to 1659 Franco-Spanish War. Fought near Sedan, France, a French army led by the Duke of Châtillon, was defeated by an Imperial-Spanish force under Lamboy, supported by French rebels led by the Comte de Soissons and Bouillon.
1641年
Battle of Preßnitz
The Battle of Preßnitz was a military engagement fought on 27 March [O.S. 17 March] 1641 during the Thirty Years' War. In the battle, Imperial troops under Octavio Piccolomini defeated the Swedish army under Field Marshal Johan Baner.
1642年
布賴滕費爾德之戰 (1642年)
布赖滕费尔德之战（或第二次布赖滕费尔德之战）是三十年战争中的1642年10月23日，瑞典和神圣罗马帝国之间的战役，如同第一次布赖滕费尔德之战，瑞典再度取得重大胜利。导致瑞典能够占领萨克森，也使斐迪南三世提高谈和的意愿。
1642年
Battle of Honnecourt
The Battle of Honnecourt took place on 26 May 1642, during the 1635 to 1659 Franco-Spanish War. A Spanish army led by Francisco de Melo defeated and largely destroyed a French force under the Comte de Guiche.
1642年
肯彭之戰
肯彭之战发生于1642年1月17日，是三十年战争中一场位于西发里亚肯彭的会战，法国-黑森联军在盖布里昂伯爵的领导下战胜了纪尧姆·德·朗布瓦领导的帝国军并俘虏了他。
1643年
羅克魯瓦之戰
罗克鲁瓦之战 发生于1643年5月19日，三十年战争期间。交战双方为路易二世·德·波旁率领的法国军队和西班牙军队，地点在法国罗克鲁瓦。该会战以法国军队的获胜而告终。
1643年
Battle of Tuttlingen
The Battle of Tuttlingen was part of the Thirty Years' War and was fought in Tuttlingen on 24 November 1643 between a French-led army under Marshal Josias Rantzau and the forces of the Holy Roman Empire, Bavaria, Spain, and the exiled Duke of Lorraine, all led by Franz von Mercy. The French army—including the so-called Weimarans or Bernhardines, German troops once in service of Bernard of Saxe-Weimar—was wiped out in a surprise attack in heavy snowfall, reversing French strategic gains since 1638. The French court suppressed news of the defeat and it remains largely unknown today, even among historians of the war.
1644年
弗萊堡之戰
弗莱堡之战 或称三日会战，是1644年三十年战争期间的一场血腥战斗。此场会战发生在帝国军队于7月28日占领弗赖堡后不久，法军决定派遣支援部队以收复这座城市。
1644年
Battle of Fehmarn (1644)
The battle of Fehmarn took place north-west of the island of Fehmarn, now part of Germany, in the Baltic Sea. A combined Swedish fleet, with a large element of hired Dutch ships, defeated a Danish fleet and took 1,000 prisoners, including Ulfeldt, Benjamin Grabov and von Jasmund. The Danish admiral Pros Mund was killed in the battle.
1644年
Battle of Listerdyb
This battle took place on 16 May 1644 during the Torstenson War near List Deep, between Sylt and Rømø in western Denmark. Nine Danish ships under King Christian IV forced a retreat back into List Deep of 26 smaller Dutch ships which had been leased to Sweden. 4 more Dutch ships from Marcus' squadron appeared during the battle but took no part.
1644年
Battle of Jüterbog
The Battle of Jüterbog was fought in Jüterbog on 3 December 1644 between Sweden and the Holy Roman Empire, resulting in a Swedish victory. The cavalry of the main Imperial army tried to break out of its blockade by the Swedish in Magdeburg but was caught and mostly shattered by the Swedes.
1645年
Battle of Jankau
The Battle of Jankau, took place on 6 March 1645 during the later stages of the Thirty Years' War, near Jankov in Bohemia. It featured Swedish and Imperial armies, each containing around 16,000 men.
1645年
阿勒海姆之戰
阿勒海姆之战，别称讷德林根之战，是于1645年三十年战争期间在巴伐利亚阿勒海姆附近进行的一场会战。此场会战发生在法兰西王国军队开始向巴伐利亚核心区域进军时，帝国军队志在阻止法国的入侵。
1645年
Battle of Herbsthausen
The Battle of Herbsthausen, 5 May 1645, took place during the Thirty Years' War, near Bad Mergentheim, in Baden-Württemberg. A French army led by Turenne was surprised and comprehensively defeated by a Bavarian force under Franz von Mercy.
1645年
Siege of Brno
The siege of Brno, which occurred from 3 May to 23 August 1645, was the second Swedish siege of the city of Brno in the last years of the Thirty Years' War. The Brno garrison, consisting of 500 soldiers and about 1,000 Brno residents, successfully defended the city against about 28,000 soldiers of General Lennart Torstensson. The success of the defenders was the starting point of a brilliant career for their commander, Jean-Louis Raduit de Souches, in the service of the Habsburgs; the siege kept the Swedish army occupied for several months. This Austrian victory ultimately contributed to Brno becoming the metropolis of Moravia, at the expense of the conquered Olomouc.
1646年
Siege of Dunkirk (1646)
The siege of Dunkirk was a siege commenced by France under the command of Louis, le Grand Condé with naval support of the Dutch Republic under the command of admiral Maarten Tromp, who were able to blockade the city to help Condé's siege.
1647年
Battle of Triebl
The Battle of Triebl or Battle of Třebel took place on 22 August 1647 during the Thirty Years' War. Imperial cavalry under Raimondo Montecuccoli and Johann von Werth launched a surprise attack on the Swedish camp of Carl Gustaf Wrangel and inflicted 380, or more than 1,300, losses on them in exchange for 200–300 casualties. Both sides claimed victory after the battle. The Imperial attack helped convince Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria to abandon the Truce of Ulm in September and rejoin the war on the Imperial side.
1648年
朗斯之戰
朗斯之战发生于1648年8月20日，是三十年战争中最后一场重要会战，由大孔代领导的法军大胜了西班牙军队，这场战斗证明了孔代作为他那个时代最伟大的将军之一的声誉。
1648年
Battle of Prague (1648)
The Battle of Prague, which occurred between 25 July and 1 November 1648 was the last action of the Thirty Years' War. While the negotiations for the Peace of Westphalia were proceeding, Sweden took the opportunity to mount one last campaign into Bohemia. The main result, and probably the main aim, was to loot the fabulous art collection assembled in Prague Castle by Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor (1552–1612), the pick of which was taken down the Elbe in barges and shipped to Sweden.
1648年
楚斯馬斯豪森之戰
楚斯马斯豪森之战发生于1648年5月17日，是三十年战争末期的一场会战，法国和瑞典组成的联军与神圣罗马帝国的部队在奥古斯堡地区进行战斗。这场会战的结果为新教联军胜利，而神圣罗马帝国的部队损失惨重。
1648年
Battle of Wevelinghoven
The Battle of Wevelinghoven or Battle of Grevenbroich was one of the final battles of the Thirty Years' War. It took place on 14 June 1648 between troops of Holy Roman Empire and of the victorious Hesse-Cassel. Several sources cite the Julian date of 4 June.
附近的前后事件
- 约1450年印刷机
- 1517年九十五条论纲
- 1543年天体运行论
- 1618年 – 1648年三十年戰爭本页
- 1683年维也纳之战
- 1740年 – 1748年奧地利王位繼承戰爭
- 1756年 – 1763年七年战争
统治这片土地的国家
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