西班牙王位繼承戰爭
- 时期
- 1701年 – 1714年
- 阵营
- 大同盟 vs 波旁阵营（法国与西班牙）
- 战役
- 45
西班牙王位继承战争 是法兰西王国为首的波旁王朝与哈布斯堡君主国为首的大同盟之间的战争，一般被认为是法兰西国王路易十四在位时期的最后一场大型战争。1701年，法兰西王国与哈布斯堡君主国因西班牙王位继承问题爆发战争，而英格兰与荷兰亦陆续对法宣战，双方交锋十多年后，以路易十四之孙安茹的菲利普继承西班牙王位、西班牙帝国被瓜分结束。
来源: 维基百科 — 西班牙王位繼承戰爭 · CC BY-SA 4.0
战役 45
1701年
Battle of Carpi
The Battle of Carpi was a series of engagements in the summer of 1701, and the first battle of the War of the Spanish Succession that took place on 9 July 1701 between France and Austria. It was a minor skirmish that the French commander decided was not worth fighting, but his soldiers were displeased at his decision to retreat, and he was subsequently replaced.
1701年
Battle of Chiari
The Battle of Chiari was fought on 1 September 1701 during the War of the Spanish Succession. The engagement was part of Prince Eugene of Savoy's campaign to seize the Spanish controlled Duchy of Milan in the Italian peninsula, and had followed his victory over Marshal Catinat at the Battle of Carpi in July. Marshal Villeroi replaced Catinat as commander of the Franco–Spanish–Savoyard forces in the theatre, carrying with him orders from King Louis XIV to push the Imperialists out of Italy.
1702年
维哥湾海战
维哥湾海战是1702年10月23日（西班牙王位继承战争的初期）发生在西班牙大西洋沿岸维哥湾的一次海战。交战双方是英荷联合舰队和法西联合舰队。
1702年
Battle of Cremona
The Battle of Cremona took place on the night of 31 January to 1 February 1702, during the War of the Spanish Succession, between a French force under Maréchal Villeroi and an Imperial/Austrian army led by Prince Eugene of Savoy.
1702年
Battle of Luzzara
The Battle of Luzzara took place in Lombardy on 15 August 1702 during the War of the Spanish Succession, between a combined French and Savoyard army under Louis Joseph, duc de Vendôme, and an Imperial force under Prince Eugene.
1702年
弗里德林根之戰
弗里德林根之战 是西班牙王位继承战争期间爆发的会战，战场位于今德国巴登-符腾堡与瑞士交界处的莱茵河畔魏尔，交战双方分别是维拉尔将军指挥的法国陆军与巴登藩侯路德维希·威廉指挥的帝国陆军。
1702年
Battle of Cádiz (1702)
The Battle of Cádiz was an attempt by English and Dutch forces to seize the southern Spanish port of Cádiz in 1702 during the War of the Spanish Succession. The Andalusian port of Cádiz served as the centre of Spanish trade with its American colonies. As such, the port's capture would not only help to sever Spain's links with her empire in the Americas, but it would also provide the Allies with a strategically important base from which the English and Dutch navies could control the western Mediterranean Sea.
1703年
赫希施塔特之戰
赫希施塔特之战 是西班牙王位继承战争期间爆发的会战，战场位于今巴伐利亚多瑙河畔赫希施泰特，交战双方分别是维拉尔元帅指挥的法国、巴伐利亚联军与斯蒂霍姆伯爵指挥的帝国军。
1703年
Battle of Ekeren
The Battle of Ekeren, which took place on 30 June 1703, was a battle of the War of the Spanish Succession. A Bourbon army of around 24,000 men, consisting of troops from France, Spain and Cologne, surrounded a smaller Dutch force of 12,000 men, which however managed to break out and retire to safety.
1703年
凱爾圍城戰 (1703年)
1703年的凯尔围城战是西班牙王位继承战争中的一场战役，在这场战役中法军与西班牙军在德·维拉尔公爵的率领下，攻占隶属神圣罗马帝国的凯尔（该城与斯特拉斯堡隔著一条莱茵河）。这场战役从1703年2月20日的围城开始，随后维拉尔离开冬季的住所前去指挥；另一方面，基尔要塞守军则由巴登-巴登选帝侯路德维希·威廉指挥，最后在十馀天的围城后于3月10日投降
1703年
Battle of Speyerbach
The Battle of Speyerbach took place on 15 November 1703 during the War of the Spanish Succession, near Speyer in the Rhineland-Palatinate. A French army commanded by Camille de Tallard defeated an Allied force under Frederick of Hesse.
1704年
布倫海姆之戰
布伦亨之战，德语作第二次霍赫施塔特之战，于1704年8月13日开战，是西班牙王位继承战争中的一场重要会战。法王路易十四欲藉攻占哈布斯堡帝国的首都维也纳，一举击垮神圣罗马帝国皇帝利奥波德一世，并定得有利的协议。维也纳存亡的关系十分重大：巴伐利亚选帝侯与马尔辛元帅位于巴伐利亚的军力自西方构成威胁，旺多姆元帅在义大利北部的大军则虎视眈眈、可伺机自布伦纳山口进攻。维也纳亦受到拉科齐匈牙利起义来自东方边界的威吓。基于这些危险，马尔博罗公爵决定从贝德堡向南进军以缓解利奥波德皇帝的危机并帮助皇帝留在奥格斯堡同盟内。
1704年
谢伦山之战
谢伦山之战 发生于1704年7月2日，即西班牙王位继承战争期间。这场交战是马尔伯勒公爵一系列军事行动的组成部分，他想要拯救哈布斯堡的首都维也纳，使其免受路易十四国王麾下的法国-巴伐利亚联军在德意志南部的进攻威胁。5月19日，马尔伯勒从科隆附近的贝德堡开始了约250英里（400千米）的行军；不到五个星期，他就将自己的部队与巴登藩侯的部队联手，然后继续向多瑙河进发。抵达德意志南部后，盟军的任务就是诱使巴伐利亚选侯国的君主马克斯·埃马努埃尔选侯放弃效忠路易十四，并重新加入大同盟；但是为了解决这个问题，盟军首先需要在多瑙河上强行争取到一座坚固的桥头堡和弹药库，以便他们的物资可以通过桥头堡到达河的南部，进入选侯的心脏地带。为此，马尔伯勒选择了市镇多瑙沃特。
1704年
Capture of Gibraltar
The capture of Gibraltar by Anglo-Dutch forces of the Grand Alliance occurred between 1 and 4 August 1704 during the War of the Spanish Succession. Since the beginning of the war the Alliance had been looking for a harbour in the Iberian Peninsula to control the Strait of Gibraltar and facilitate naval operations against the French fleet in the western Mediterranean Sea. An attempt to seize Cádiz had ended in failure in September 1702, but following the Alliance fleet's successful raid in Vigo Bay in October that year, the combined fleets of the "Maritime Powers", the Netherlands and England, had emerged as the dominant naval force in the region. This strength helped persuade King Peter II of Portugal to sever his alliance with France and Bourbon-controlled Spain, and ally himself with the Grand Alliance in 1703 as the Alliance fleets could campaign in the Mediterranean using access to the port of Lisbon and conduct operations in support of the Austrian Habsburg candidate to the Spanish throne, the Archduke Charles, known to his supporters as Charles III of Spain.
1704年
馬拉加海戰 (1704年)
马拉加海战发生于1704年8月24日，是西班牙王位继承战争中规模最大的海战，战役地点位于马加拉以南。
1704年 – 1705年
Twelfth siege of Gibraltar
The twelfth siege of Gibraltar was fought between September 1704 and May 1705 during the War of the Spanish Succession. It followed the capture in August 1704 of the fortified town of Gibraltar, at the southern tip of Spain, by an Anglo–Dutch naval force led by Sir George Rooke and Prince George of Hesse-Darmstadt. The members of the Grand Alliance, the Holy Roman Empire, England, the Netherlands, Pro-Habsburg Spain, Portugal and Savoy, had allied to prevent the unification of the French and Spanish thrones by supporting the claim of the Habsburg pretender Archduke Charles VI of Austria as Charles III of Spain. They were opposed by the rival claimant, the Bourbon Philip, Duke of Anjou, ruling as Philip V of Spain, and his patron and ally, Louis XIV of France. The war began in northern Europe and was largely contained there until 1703, when Portugal joined the confederate powers. From then, English naval attentions were focused on mounting a campaign in the Mediterranean to distract the French navy and disrupt French and Bourbon Spanish shipping or capture a port for use as a naval base. The capture of Gibraltar was the outcome of that initial stage of the Mediterranean campaign.
1705年
卡薩諾之戰 (1705年)
卡萨诺之战 发生于1705年8月16日，是西班牙王位继承战争中的一场会战，交战双方分别为旺多姆公爵指挥的法军与欧根亲王领导的帝国军队。
1705年
巴塞隆納圍城戰 (1705年)
1705年的巴塞隆纳围城战发生于9月14日至10月19日间，是西班牙王位继承战争的一场战役，由彼得伯勒领主所率领的大同盟联军（支持哈布斯堡派），最终攻陷由法西联军（支持波旁派）所保卫的巴塞隆纳。
1705年
Battle of Elixheim
At the Battle of Elixheim, 18 July 1705, also known as the Passage of the Lines of Brabant during the War of the Spanish Succession, the Anglo-Dutch forces of the Grand Alliance, under the Duke of Marlborough and Field Marshal Ouwerkerk, successfully broke through the French Lines of Brabant. These lines were an arc of defensive fieldworks stretching in a seventy-mile arc from Antwerp to Namur. Although the Allies were unable to bring about a decisive battle, the breaking and subsequent razing of the lines would prove critical to the Allied victory at Ramillies the next year.
1705年
Battle of Montjuïc (1705)
The Battle of Montjuïc took place between 13 and 17 September 1705 during the War of the Spanish Succession. In the War of the Spanish Succession, a multinational force of the Second Grand Alliance, which supported Archduke Charles of Austria the Habsburg pretender to the Spanish throne, under the command of English general Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough landed on the Catalan coast on August 22, 1705, intending to capture Barcelona. However, the force first had to take possession of Montjuïc Castle which defended the city. The Spanish and Neapolitan defenders were commanded by Francisco de Velasco
1705年 – 1706年
Siege of Nice (1705)
The siege of Nice took place between 15 March 1705 and 4 January 1706 as part of the War of the Spanish Succession. It pitched the forces of Louis XIV of France against those of Victor Amadeus II of Savoy – the latter were led by the marquis of Caraglio.
1705年
巴達霍斯圍城戰 (1705年)
巴达霍斯围城战 发生于1705年6月及10月的巴达霍斯(位于西班牙)，系西班牙王位继承战争期间的围城。两次围城都由英荷联军发起，他们在加尔韦伯爵及弗朗索瓦·尼古拉斯·法格尔的带领下进攻西南西班牙。然而联军第一次的围攻却因勒内·德·弗鲁莱·德·泰塞元帅所率领的骑兵援军到来而被迫撤离。他们于10月再次发起包围，但这次加尔韦伯爵断了臂而法格尔又再次被迫撤离，使得法军得以撤走他们所有的火炮。这场败仗让法格尔最终被叫回了荷兰。
1706年
拉米伊之战
1706年5月23日爆发的拉米伊之战，是西班牙王位继承战争期间的一场战斗。对于大同盟成员奥地利、英格兰与荷兰共和国而言，这场战斗是在1705年对法国国王路易十四的波旁军队展开的一系列非决定性战役之后发生的。虽然同盟军在那一年占领了巴塞罗那，但他们被迫放弃了在摩泽尔河的战线、在西属尼德兰受阻并在意大利北部战败。尽管对手遭受挫折，路易十四仍然希望达成和平，但条件必须是合理的。因此，为了保持他们的势头，法国及其盟友在1706年发动了攻势。
1706年
都靈圍城戰
都灵围城战 发生于1706年5月14日-9月7日，是西班牙王位继承战争期间法国军队围攻萨伏依公国城市都灵的战役。法军在奥尔良公爵腓力二世和拉弗亚德公爵路易·奥布松领军下包围了都灵，但因为守军的顽强抵抗使得法军屡攻不下。9月7日欧根亲王率军救援，大败围城的法军，都灵解除围城。法军损失惨重并开始往北撤出义大利，再加上先前拉米伊之战的惨败，1706年对路易十四和法国而言是“可怕的一年”。
1706年
卡爾奇納托之戰
卡尔奇纳托之战 是西班牙王位继承战争期间爆发的会战，战场位于今意大利卡尔奇纳托附近，交战双方分别是旺多姆公爵指挥的法国陆军与雷文特洛伯爵指挥的帝国陆军。
1706年
巴塞隆納圍城戰 (1706年)
1706年的巴塞隆纳围城战发生于4月3日至27日间，是西班牙王位继承战争的一场战役，起因于费利佩五世率领他的法西联军，试图夺回前一年被英国领导的联军占领的巴塞隆纳。
1707年
阿爾曼薩之戰
阿尔曼萨之战发生于1707年4月25日，是西班牙王位继承战争的一场会战，交战双方分别为波旁王室的王位宣称者腓力五世，以及其对手哈布斯堡的查理大公。这场会战最终由波旁王室获得胜利，并让腓力几乎重夺整个东西班牙。
1707年
土倫圍城戰 (1707年)
1707年的土伦战役是西班牙王位继承战争中的一场战役，发生于当年7月29日至8月21日的土伦港。战役的结果是法西联军击败了由奥地利、荷兰共和国、萨伏依及大不列颠组成的盟军。
1707年
Battle at The Lizard
The Battle at The Lizard took place on 21 October 1707 during the War of the Spanish Succession near Lizard Point, Cornwall between two French squadrons under René Duguay-Trouin and Claude de Forbin and a British convoy protected by a squadron under Commodore Richard Edwards. Duguay-Trouin and Forbin were two of the most successful French naval commanders and they caused much damage to the British merchant fleet.
1707年
Action of 2 May 1707
The action of 2 May 1707, also known as Beachy Head, was a naval battle of the War of the Spanish Succession in which a French squadron under Claude de Forbin intercepted a large British convoy escorted by three ships of the line, under Commodore Baron Wylde. The action began when three French ships, the Grifon, Blackoal and Dauphine, grappled HMS Hampton Court, killing her captain, George Clements, and taking her. Claude Forbin's 60-gun Mars next attacked HMS Grafton and, when joined by the French ships Blackoal and Fidèle, killed the Captain Edward Acton, and took her too. The convoy was scattered and the last British escort, HMS Royal Oak, badly hit and with 12 feet of water in her wells, managed to escape by running ashore near Dungeness, from where she was carried the next day into the Downs.
1707年
Siege of Xàtiva (1707)
The Siege of Xàtiva was a siege of Xàtiva in the Kingdom of Valencia. It took place between 8 May and 6 June 1707 during the War of the Spanish Succession.
1707年
Siege of Gaeta (1707)
The siege of Gaeta was a three-month siege of the Italian city of Gaeta in 1707 by the forces of the Austrian monarchy under Wirich Philipp von Daun, during the War of the Spanish Succession. It ended on 30 September with the total destruction of the city's historic fortifications.
1708年
奧德納爾德之戰
奥德纳德之战是西班牙王位继承战争期间的一场会战，交战一方是第一代马尔博罗公爵约翰·丘吉尔和欧根亲王指挥下的8万奥格斯堡同盟军队，另一方是在勃艮第公爵路易和路易·约瑟夫·德·旺多姆指挥下的法国八万五千人军队，最终奥格斯堡同盟获胜。这场战斗于1708年7月11日在西属尼德兰奥德纳尔德附近打响。
1708年
Siege of Lille (1708)
The siege of Lille was the main operation of the 1708 campaign season during the War of the Spanish Succession. Following their victory in the Battle of Oudenaarde, the Allies decided to besiege Lille, an important French city and perhaps the strongest fortress in Europe. After an obstinate defence of 120 days, the French garrison surrendered the city and citadel of Lille, commanded by Marshal Boufflers, to the forces of the Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene of Savoy.
1708年
Battle of Wijnendale
The Battle of Wijnendale took place during the War of the Spanish Succession fought on 28 September 1708 near Wijnendale, Flanders, between an allied force protecting a convoy carrying ammunition for the Siege of Lille (1708) and forces of Bourbon France and Spain. It ended in a victory for the allies, leading to the taking of Lille.
1709年
馬爾普拉凱之戰
马尔普拉凯之战发生于1709年9月11日，属西班牙王位继承战争，交战双方分别是维拉尔公爵率领的法军与马尔博罗公爵领导的大同盟军。作为18世纪最血腥的会战之一，联军以微弱优势取胜，但承受重大伤亡，且法军也还是能有秩序地撤走。
1709年
Battle of La Gudiña
The Battle of La Gudiña, Battle of Val Gudina, or Battle of Campo Maior, was fought on 7 May 1709 near Arronches between the Spanish Bourbon army of Extremadura, under the Marquis de Bay, and the Portuguese and British, under the Huguenot Earl of Galway and the Marquis of Fronteira. This battle resulted in a crushing defeat for the Anglo-Portuguese army, 4,000-5,000 soldiers were killed, wounded or captured, while the Spanish had only 400 soldiers dead or wounded.
1710年
比利亞維西奧薩之戰
比利亚维西奥萨之战发生于1710年12月10日，是西班牙王位继承战争的一场会战，由法国旺多姆公爵和西班牙国王费利佩五世的法西联军对抗史塔罕堡伯爵的哈布斯堡同盟军。费利佩五世和奥地利的查理大公均宣称自己的胜利，但大同盟军并未达成彻底击败法西联军的战略性目标，也在会战中丢弃许多火炮，确认了法西联军的胜利，稳固波旁王室在西班牙的统治权。
1710年
Battle of Almenar
The Battle of Almenar took place near Balaguer in Catalonia, on 27 July 1710, during the War of the Spanish Succession.
1710年
Battle of Saragossa
The Battle of Saragossa, 20 August 1710, took place during the War of the Spanish Succession, near Zaragoza in Spain. A slightly inferior Franco-Bourbon Spanish army commanded by the Marquis de Bay was severely defeated by a Grand Alliance force under Guido Starhemberg, which included Habsburg Spanish troops.
1710年
布里韋加之戰
布里韦加之战发生于1710年12月8日，是西班牙王位继承战争的一场会战，詹姆斯·斯坦霍普的大不列颠王国军队在前往巴塞隆纳时，遭到法国旺多姆公爵的法西联军袭击，詹姆斯·斯坦霍普的军队全军覆没。 而在会战结束后，旺多姆公爵就得知联军正在前往支援，比利亚维西奥萨之战随之爆发。
1710年
Battle of Syracuse (1710)
The Battle of Syracuse was a naval engagement of the War of the Spanish Succession fought on 9 November 1710, outside the Sicilian port of Syracuse. A French fleet of four ships under the command of Jacques Cassard came to relieve a heavily laden French merchant fleet that had been blockaded in the Syracuse harbour by a British fleet. Cassard arrived off Syracuse when most of the blockading fleet had left to resupply at Port Mahon; he successfully captured Falcon and Pembroke, the two ships left to maintain the blockade, and escorted the fleet to Marseille.
1711年
Siege of Bouchain (1711)
The siege of Bouchain, following the Passage of the Lines of Ne Plus Ultra, was a siege of the War of the Spanish Succession, and the last major victory of John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough. Marlborough and François Nicolas Fagel broke through the French defensive lines and took Bouchain after a siege of 34 days. Its capture left Cambrai the only French-held fortress between the allied army and Paris.
1712年
德南之戰
德南之战 发生于1712年7月24日，是西班牙王位继承战争后期的会战。维拉尔公爵在此役中指挥法军切断联军补给线，迫使联军停止进攻法军要塞，然后乘胜追击夺下数座重要要塞。
1713年 – 1714年
巴塞隆納圍城戰 (1713年—1714年)
1713年至1714年间的巴塞隆纳围城战 是西班牙王位继承战争最后一场战役，交战双方为奥格斯堡同盟支持（包括英国与荷兰等国）的查理大公，以及由法国支持的腓力五世，交战原因系起因于西班牙王位的争夺。
附近的前后事件
- 1610年星際信使
- 1648年威斯特伐利亚和约
- 1683年维也纳之战
- 1701年 – 1714年西班牙王位繼承戰爭本页
- 1805年奧斯特利茨之戰
- 1813年萊比錫之戰
- 1815年滑鐵盧之戰
统治这片土地的国家
根据历史疆域数据（Cliopatria），此地曾属于以下国家。年份按数据间隔（数年至百年）为近似值。点击可查看当年的地图。