मंगोल आक्रमण और विजय
- अवधि
- 1206 – 1368
- लड़ाइयाँ
- 29
मंगोल आक्रमण और विजय 13वीं और 14वीं शताब्दियों के दौरान हुए जिससे इतिहास का सबसे बड़े सन्निहित साम्राज्य मंगोल साम्राज्य (1206–1368) का निर्माण हुआ तथा सन् 1260 तक इसने यूरेशिया के एक बड़े हिस्से पर अधिकार कर लिया। इतिहासकार मंगोल विध्वंस को इतिहास की सबसे घातक प्रकरणों में से एक मानते हैं।
स्रोत: विकिपीडिया — मंगोल आक्रमण और विजय · CC BY-SA 4.0
लड़ाइयाँ 29
1211
Yehuling Campaign
The Battle of Yehuling, including the Battle of Huihe River, the Battles at Wild Fox Ridge, and the Battle of Badger Mouth, was fought between the Mongol Empire and the Jin dynasty in 1211, during the first stage of the Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty. The battle took place in the northwest of present-day Wanquan District, Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province. It concluded with a Mongol victory, hastening the decline of the Jin dynasty.
1215
Sieges of Zhongdu
The Sieges of Zhongdu took place in 1214 and 1215 during the Mongol conquest of the Jin dynasty. Zhongdu, the capital of the Jin dynasty and located in present-day Beijing, was progressively isolated by the forces of the Mongol Empire under Genghis Khan. After earlier Mongol incursions and the relocation of the Jin court to Kaifeng, the city endured prolonged blockade and famine before surrendering in June 1215. The Fall of Zhongdu marked a decisive blow to Jin authority in northern China and accelerated the dynasty’s decline.
1219 – 1220
Otrar Catastrophe
The Otrar Catastrophe was a siege that took place between December 1219 and February 1220 during the Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire at Otrar, a large trading city on the Syr Darya river. Inalchuq, the city's governor, had seized the goods of a Mongol trade caravan the previous year; after more provocations from Inalchuq's liege and ruler of the Khwarazmian Empire, Shah Muhammad II, Genghis Khan launched a full-scale invasion of the empire.
1220
Siege of Bukhara
The siege of Bukhara took place in February 1220, during the Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire. Genghis Khan, ruler of the Mongol Empire, had launched a multi-pronged assault on the Khwarazmian Empire ruled by Shah Muhammad II. While the Shah planned to defend his major cities individually, the Mongols laid siege to the border town of Otrar, and struck further into Khwarazmia.
1220
Siege of Samarkand (1220)
The siege of Samarkand took place in March 1220 after Genghis Khan, founder of the Mongol Empire, had launched a multi-pronged invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire, ruled by Shah Muhammad II. The Mongols had laid siege to the border town of Otrar, but finding its defences obdurate, a large force commanded by Genghis and his youngest son Tolui detached from the vanguard and set off southwards, towards Transoxiana.
1220 – 1221
Siege of Gurganj
The siege of Gurganj occurred during the Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire. The siege's length is variable, with historians such as Rashid al-Din Hamadani stating that it lasted for seven months, but it is largely agreed that it ended with the defeat and annihilation of the city in April 1221. Genghis Khan, ruler of the Mongol Empire, had launched a multi-pronged assault on the Turkic Khwarazmian Empire, ruled by Shah Muhammad II. Through a combination of efficient planning and excellent manoeuvering, the Khan's army managed to take the border town of Otrar swiftly, followed by the large cities of Bukhara and Samarkand. The siege, among others, was witnessed by the Persian biographer Shihab al-Din Muhammad al-Nasawi, who recorded an account in Arabic c. 1241.
1221
Battle of the Indus
The Battle of the Indus was fought on the banks of the Indus River, on 24 November 1221, between the armies commanded by Jalal al-Din of the Khwarazmian Empire, and Genghis Khan of the Mongol Empire. The battle, which resulted in an overwhelming Mongol victory, was the concluding engagement in the Mongol invasion of the Khwarazmian Empire.
1223
Battle of the Kalka River
The Battle of the Kalka River was fought between the Mongol Empire, whose armies were led by Jebe and Subutai, and a coalition of several Rus' principalities, including Kiev and Galicia-Volhynia, and the Cumans under Köten. They were under the joint command of Mstislav the Bold and Mstislav III of Kiev. The battle was fought on May 31, 1223 on the banks of the Kalka River in present-day Donetsk Oblast, Ukraine, and ended in a decisive Mongol victory.
1232 – 1233
Siege of Kaifeng (1232)
In the siege of Kaifeng from 1232 to 1233, the Mongol Empire captured Kaifeng, the capital of the Jurchen-led Jin dynasty. The Mongol Empire and the Jin dynasty had been at war for nearly two decades, beginning in 1211 after the Jin dynasty refused the Mongol offer to submit as a vassal. Ögedei Khan sent two armies to besiege Kaifeng, one led by himself, and the other by his brother Tolui. Command of the forces, once they converged into a single army, was given to Subutai who led the siege. The Mongols arrived at the walls of Kaifeng on April 8, 1232.
1237
Siege of Ryazan
The siege of Ryazan happened in Ryazan on December 1237 during the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'. Ryazan was the capital of the Principality of Ryazan, and was the first Kievan Rus' city to be besieged by the Mongol invaders under Genghis Khan's grandson Batu Khan.
1238
Battle of the Sit River
The Battle of the Sit River took place on 4 March 1238 between the Mongol forces of Batu Khan and the army of Vladimir-Suzdal led by Grand Prince Yuri II of Vladimir during the Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'. The engagement occurred in the northern part of what is now the Sonkovsky District of Tver Oblast, near the selo of Bozhonka.
1240
Siege of Kiev (1240)
The Siege of Kiev by the Mongols took place between 28 November and 6 December 1240, and resulted in a Mongol victory. It was a heavy morale and military blow to the Principality of Galicia–Volhynia, which was forced to submit to Mongol suzerainty, and allowed Batu Khan to proceed westward into Central Europe.
1241
मोही का युद्ध
मोही का युद्ध या सायो नदी का युद्ध मंगोल साम्राज्य और हंगरी राज्य के बीच ११ अप्रैल १२४१ को लड़ा गया एक युद्ध था जो यूरोप पर मंगोल हमले का एक चरण था। यह पूर्वोत्तर हंगरी में सायो नदी के दक्षिणपश्चिम में स्थित मोही शहर के पास लड़ा गया। इस युद्ध में मंगोलों की पूर्ण विजय हुई और उन्होंने हंगरी को ध्वस्त कर दिया। हंगरी के लगभग आधे बस्ती-गाँव नष्ट कर दिए गए और हंगेरियाई लोगों की १५-२०% आबादी इसके पश्चात मारी गई।
1243
Battle of Köse Dağ
The Battle of Köse Dağ took place in eastern Anatolia on 26 June 1243 when an army of the Sultanate of Rum, led by Sultan Kaykhusraw II, confronted an invading Mongol army under the general Baiju and was decisively defeated. The battle was the pivotal event of the Mongol conquest of Anatolia: Rum, previously a significant independent power in the eastern Mediterranean, was reduced to the status of a client kingdom, and its territories were later absorbed into the Mongol Ilkhanate.
1258
बगदाद का युद्ध (१२५८)
हलाकु ख़ान के नायकत्व में मंगोल सेनाओं ने २९ जनवरी से १० फरवरी तक अब्बासी ख़िलाफ़त की राजधानी बगदाद को घेरे रखा और अन्ततः इस पर अधिकार करके खलीफा की हत्या कर दी।
1260
Battle of Ain Jalut
The Battle of Ain Jalut, also spelled Ayn Jalut, was fought between the Bahri Mamluks of Egypt and the Ilkhanate on 3 September 1260 near the spring of Ain Jalut in southeastern Galilee in the Jezreel Valley. It marks the first major halt to Mongolian advances and paused their expansion into Arabia and Europe.
1260
First Battle of Homs
The First Battle of Homs was fought in Homs, Syria, on December 10, 1260, between the Ilkhanids and the Muslim alliance of Syria.
1260
Siege of Aleppo (1260)
The siege of Aleppo was a major military engagement during the Mongol invasions of the Levant, lasting from 18 January to 24 January 1260. The Mongol army under Hulagu Khan, supported by forces from the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia and the Principality of Antioch, besieged the Ayyubid-held city after crossing the Euphrates and capturing nearby settlements.
1266
Battle of Mari
The Battle of Mari, also called the Disaster of Mari, was a battle between the Egyptians of the Mamluk Sultanate and the Armenians of Cilician Armenia on 24 August 1266.
1267 – 1273
Battle of Xiangyang
The Battle of Xiangyang was a protracted series of battles between the Yuan dynasty and the Southern Song dynasty from 1267 to 1273. The battle was a significant victory for the Yuan dynasty and ended a 30-year defensive campaign waged by the Southern Song dynasty, allowing Yuan forces to advance into the Southern Song heartland. The capture of Xiangyang also allowed the Yuan dynasty to take control of the Han and Yangtze rivers, thereby depriving the Southern Song dynasty of two formidable natural barriers. The defeat devastated the Southern Song dynasty, which collapsed several years later at the Battle of Yamen.
1274
Battle of Bun'ei
The Battle of Bun'ei also known as the First Battle of Hakata Bay was the first major attempt by the Mongol Empire to invade Japan. The Mongol-led force, including Mongols, Koreans, Chinese, and Jurchens, landed at Hakata Bay after raiding the nearby islands of Tsushima and Iki. Although the Mongols established positions on islands within the bay and launched attacks on the mainland, they were ultimately unable to secure a foothold and withdrew after several days. The battle demonstrated both the reach of the Mongol military and the difficulties of overseas operations in unfamiliar territory.
1277
Battle of Elbistan
On April 15, 1277, the Sultan of Egypt Baybars marched from Syria into the Mongol-dominated Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm and attacked the Mongol occupation force in the Battle of Elbistan (Abulustayn). While the Mongol forces initially gained the upper hand, the likely superior numbers of the Egyptian Mamluk forces decided the battle. The victory limited Mongol influence in Asia Minor and led to open hostilities between the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt and the Mongol Ilkhanate.
1279
Battle of Yamen
The Battle of Yamen, also known as the Battle of Yashan, was a naval battle which took place in southern China on 19 March 1279. It is considered to be the last stand of the Song dynasty against the invading forces of the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty.
1281
Second Battle of Homs
The Second Battle of Homs was fought in western Syria on 29 October 1281, between the armies of the Mamluk dynasty of Egypt and the Ilkhanate, a division of the Mongol Empire centered on Iran. The battle was part of Abaqa Khan's attempt at taking Syria from the Egyptians.
1281
Battle of Kōan
The Battle of Kōan, also known as the Second Battle of Hakata Bay, was the second attempt by the Mongol-led Yuan dynasty of China to invade Japan after their failed attempt seven years earlier at the Battle of Bun'ei. In the summer of 1281, the Yuan invaded with two large armies. The Japanese defenders were aided by a major storm which sank a sizeable portion of the Yuan fleets. The invaders who reached the shore were repulsed shortly after landing. The Japanese called the opportune storm kamikaze, a name later used in the Second World War for pilots who carried out aerial suicide attacks.
1288
Battle of Bạch Đằng (1288)
The Battle of Bạch Đằng was a decisive naval battle during the third Mongol invasion of Vietnam between Đại Việt commanded by Commander-in-Chief Prince Trần Quốc Tuấn, and the fleet of the Yuan dynasty, commanded by Admirals Omar and Fan Yi on the Bạch Đằng River, which Prince Hưng Đạo staged an ambush that destroyed the Yuan fleet, capturing its general, ending Kublai’s intention to conquer Dai Viet and Champa. The battle was a tactical masterpiece of the same stature as a previous battle of Bạch Đằng that occurred in 938 and is considered as one of the greatest victories in Vietnamese military history.
1299
Battle of Wadi al-Khaznadar
The Battle of Wadi al-Khaznadar, also known as the Third Battle of Homs, was a Mongol victory over the Mamluks in 1299.
1303
Battle of Marj al-Saffar (1303)
The Battle of Marj al-Saffar, also known as the Battle of Shaqhab, took place on April 20 through April 22, 1303 between the Egyptian Mamluks and the Mongols and their Armenian allies near Kiswe, Syria, just south of Damascus. The battle has been influential in both Islamic history and contemporary time because of the controversial jihad against other Muslims and Ramadan related fatwas issued by Ibn Taymiyyah. The battle, a disastrous defeat for the Mongols, put an end to Mongol invasions of the Levant.
1362 – 1363
Battle of Blue Waters
The Battle of Blue Waters was fought at some time in the autumn of 1362 or 1363 on the banks of the Syniukha River, a left tributary of the Southern Bug, between the armies of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Principality of Moldavia against the Golden Horde. The Lithuanians won a decisive victory and finalized their conquest of the Principality of Kiev, while the Moldavians managed to end their dependence on the Golden Horde.
आसपास की पहले और बाद की घटनाएँ
- 762 – 766Founding of Baghdad
- लगभग 820किताब-अल-जबर-वल-मुक़ाबला
- लगभग 830बैत अल-हिक्मा
- 1206 – 1368मंगोल आक्रमण और विजययह पृष्ठ
- 1258बगदाद का युद्ध (१२५८)
- 1639Treaty of Zuhab
- 1990 – 1991खाड़ी युद्ध
इस भूमि पर किसने शासन किया
ऐतिहासिक सीमा डेटा (Cliopatria) के अनुसार यह स्थान जिन राज्यों में था। वर्ष डेटा के अंतराल (कुछ वर्षों से एक सदी) के अनुसार अनुमानित हैं। उस वर्ष का नक्शा देखने के लिए टैप करें।
16 और दिखाएँ
- 3400 ई.पू. – 2400 ई.पू.सुमेरी नगर-राज्य
- 2300 ई.पू. – 2200 ई.पू.अक्कादियन साम्राज्य
- 2100 ई.पू.गुटियन राजवंश
- 2000 ई.पू. – 1800 ई.पू.एलाम
- 1700 ई.पू. – 1300 ई.पू.कसदी
- 1200 ई.पू. – 1100 ई.पू.असीरिया
- 1000 ई.पू. – 950 ई.पू.कसदी
- 900 ई.पू. – 700 ई.पू.नव-असीरियायी साम्राज्य
- 650 ई.पू.असीरियाई मिस्र
- 600 ई.पू. – 550 ई.पू.नव-बेबीलोन साम्राज्य
- 500 ई.पू. – 350 ई.पू.हख़ामनी साम्राज्य
- 300 ई.पू. – 150 ई.पू.सेल्यूकस साम्राज्य
- 100 ई.पू. – 100पहलवी साम्राज्य
- 125रोमन साम्राज्य
- 150 – 225पहलवी साम्राज्य
- 250 – 625सासानी साम्राज्य
- 650राशिदून ख़िलाफ़त
- 675 – 750उमवी ख़िलाफ़त
- 775 – 950ख़िलाफ़त ए अब्बासिया
- 975 – 1040बुयिद राजवंश
- 1060 – 1200सलजूक़ साम्राज्ययह पृष्ठ
- 1220 – 1240ख़िलाफ़त ए अब्बासिया
- 1260 – 1280मंगोल साम्राज्य
- 1300 – 1340इलख़ानी साम्राज्य
- 1360 – 1400जलायिरी सल्तनत
18 और दिखाएँ
- 1420 – 1460क़ारा कोयुनलू
- 1480 – 1510अक़ कोयुनलू
- 1520 – 1530सफ़वी राजवंश
- 1540 – 1600उस्मानी साम्राज्य
- 1610सफ़वी राजवंश
- 1620उस्मानी साम्राज्य
- 1630सफ़वी राजवंश
- 1640 – 1916उस्मानी साम्राज्य
- 1918 – 1920ब्रिटिश साम्राज्य
- 1922 – 1930ब्रिटिश अफ़्रीका
- 1932 – 1942इराक़ राज्य
- 1944ब्रिटिश अफ़्रीका
- 1946ब्रिटिश साम्राज्य
- 1948 – 1956इराक़ राज्य
- 1958अरब संघ
- 1960 – 2004इराक
- 2006 – 2012संयुक्त राज्य
- 2014 –इराक
इस अवधि के अन्य मानचित्र
- युद्ध मानचित्रक्रूसयुद्ध
- युद्ध मानचित्रMongol invasions of Korea
- युद्ध मानचित्रMongol conquest of the Song dynasty
- युद्ध मानचित्रशतवर्षीय युद्ध
- महामारी मानचित्रकाली मौत
- युद्ध मानचित्रRed Turban invasions of Goryeo