십자군
- 시기
- 1095년 – 1291년
- 진영
- 십자군 국가 vs 이슬람 국가
- 전투
- 67
십자군 전쟁(영어: Crusades)은 중세 라틴 교회의 공인을 받은 원정대와 이슬람 군대 사이에 레반트 지역의 지배권을 놓고 벌어진 종교전쟁(교황의 권력을 찾기 위한 전쟁)이다. 좁은 의미의 십자군이라고 하면 성지를 이슬람 세력으로부터 탈환하기 위해 지중해 동해안 지역에서 진행된 전쟁들을 가리키나, 넓은 의미에서 중세의 기독교회에서 주동한 다른 전쟁들을 십자군으로 보는 관점 또한 존재한다. 이교도나 이단의 토벌, 가톨릭 집단 내부의 분쟁, 정치적 이득 등 전쟁의 동기는 매우 다양했다. 십자군 시대에는 '십자군'이라는 말이 존재하지 않았으며, 1760년경을 전후하여 처음 사용례가 나타난다.
출처: 위키백과 — 십자군 · CC BY-SA 4.0
전투 67
1096년
Siege of Xerigordos
The siege of Xerigordos in 1096 pitted 6,000 Germans of the People's Crusade under Rainald of Broyes against the Turks commanded by Elchanes, general of Kilij Arslan, the Seljuk Sultan of Rûm. The Crusader raiding party captured the Turkish fort of Xerigordos, about four days' march from Nicaea, in an attempt to set up a pillaging outpost. Elchanes arrived three days later and besieged the Crusaders. The defenders had no water supply, and after eight days of siege, they surrendered on September 29. Some of the Crusaders converted to Islam, while others who refused were killed.
1096년
Battle of Civetot
The Battle of Civetot was fought between the forces of the People's Crusade and of the Seljuk Turks of Anatolia on 21 October 1096. The battle brought an end to the People's Crusade; some of the survivors joined the First Crusade.
1097년 – 1098년
안티오키아 공방전
안티오키아 공방전은 1097년~1098년 제1차 십자군의 주요 공성전 중 하나이다. 제1차 공성전은 십자군이 무슬림 도시에 대해 벌인 공성전으로 1097년 10월 21일 시작해 1098년 6월 2일 도시가 함락되면서 종료되었다. 제2차 공성전은 도시를 점령한 십자군에 대해 구원하기 위해 달려온 무슬림군이 벌인 공성전으로 1098년 6월 7일 시작해 6월 28일 십자군이 성밖에서 무슬림군을 격파하면서 종료되었다.
1097년
니케아 공방전
니케아 공방전 혹은 니카이아 공방전은 1097년 5월 14일부터 6월 19일까지 니케아에서 벌어진 포위전으로, 제1차 십자군의 첫번째 주요 전투였다. 당시 니케아를 지배하고 있던 셀주크 투르크의 수비군은 킬라지 아르슬란의 지원군이 격파되자 도시를 포위한 십자군에 스스로 항복하였다.
1097년
도릴라이움 전투
도릴라이움 전투 혹은 도릴라에움 전투는 1097년 7월 1일 제1차 십자군 운동 중에 일어난 사건으로 셀주크 튀르크와 십자군이 아나톨리아에 있는 도릴라이움 근처에서 벌인 전투이다.
1098년
마라 공방전
마라트 공방전 혹은 마라 공방전은 제1차 십자군 기간 동안 현재 시리아의 마라트 안누만이란 도시에서 1098년에 발생하였다. 십자군은 이곳에서 광범위한 식인을 벌였다는 주장이 기록되어 있고, 무슬림들 사이에서 이 기억은 몇 세기 동안 남아 있었다.
1099년
예루살렘 공방전 (1099년)
예루살렘 공방전 은 제1차 십자군 전쟁 때 유럽 십자군이 일으킨 전투이며, 이 결과로 이슬람 세력의 파티마 칼리파국한테서 성도 예루살렘의 점령으로 이어졌고, 거의 2세기간 이어진 기독교 세력인 예루살렘 왕국의 토대를 이루었다. 예루살렘 점령은 1095년에 시작된 성지를 점령하려는 제1차 십자군의 마지막 주요 전투였다. 이 공방전에 대한 다수의 목격담이 기록으로 남아있으며, 그 중 가장 많이 인용되는 것은 익명의 작가가 쓴 '게스타 프랑코룸'이다.
1099년
아스칼론 전투
아스칼론 전투(영어: Battle of Ascalon)는 1099년 8월 12일 일어난 전투로 제1차 십자군의 마지막 교전으로 여겨진다.
1099년
First siege of Arsuf
The First siege of Arsuf, originally Apollonia, took place in 1099, just after the First Crusade. It was carried out by Godfrey of Bouillon after the city failed to pay a previously agreed tribute. The attempt to capture the city failed for want of ships.
1100년
Battle of Melitene
In the Battle of Melitene in 1100, a Crusader force led by Bohemond I of Antioch was defeated in Melitene in eastern Anatolia by Danishmend Turks commanded by Gazi Gümüshtigin.
1101년
Battle of Ramla (1101)
The First Battle of Ramla took place on 7 September 1101 between the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Fatimids of Egypt. The town of Ramla lay on the road from Jerusalem to Ascalon, the latter of which was the largest Fatimid fortress in Palestine. From Ascalon the Fatimid vizier, Al-Afdal Shahanshah, launched almost annual attacks into the newly founded Crusader kingdom from 1099 to 1107. It was thrice the case that the two armies met each other at Ramla.
1102년
Battle of Ramla (1102)
The Second Battle of Ramla took place in the Levant on 17 May 1102 between the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt.
1102년 – 1109년
Siege of Tripoli
The siege of Tripoli lasted from 1102 until 12 July 1109. It took place on the site of the present day Lebanese city of Tripoli, in the aftermath of the First Crusade. It led to the establishment of the fourth Crusader state, the County of Tripoli.
1104년
Battle of Harran
The Battle of Harran took place on 7 May 1104 between the Crusader states of the Principality of Antioch and the County of Edessa, and the Seljuk Turks. It was the first major battle against the newfound Crusader states in the aftermath of the First Crusade, marking a key turning point against Frankish expansion. The battle had a disastrous effect on the Principality of Antioch as the Turks regained territory earlier lost.
1105년
Battle of Ramla (1105)
The Third Battle of Ramla took place on 27 August 1105 between the Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Fatimids of Egypt.
1110년
Siege of Sidon
The siege of Sidon occurred in 1110 in the aftermath of the First Crusade. The coastal city of Sidon was captured by the forces of Baldwin I of Jerusalem and Sigurd I of Norway, with assistance from the Ordelafo Faliero, Doge of Venice.
1111년
Seljuk campaign on the Crusaders (1111)
The Seljuk campaign on the Crusaders (1111) was a military campaign that took place in Upper Mesopotamia and Levant, led by Mas'ud ibn Muhammed against the Crusaders and their states.
1113년
Battle of al-Sannabra
Battle of al-Sannabra, was a battle that occurred on 30 June 1113 between a Crusader army led by King Baldwin I of Jerusalem and a Muslim army commanded by Mawdud ibn Altuntash of Mosul.
1115년
Battle of Sarmin
The Battle of Sarmin, also known as the Battle of Tell Danith, took place on 14 September 1115 with Roger of Salerno's Crusader army surprising and routing the Seljuk Turkish army of Bursuq ibn Bursuq of Hamadan. It is also known as the First Battle of Tell Danith, distinguishing it from the Battle of Hab of 1119, the Second Battle of Tell Danith.
1119년
아제르 상귀니스 전투
아제르 상귀니스 전투는 피의 벌판 전투, 사르마다 전투, 발랏 전투로도 알려져 있으며 살레르노의 로제르가 지휘하는 안티오키아 공국의 십자군 부대가 알레포의 오르토퀴드 왕가의 지배자 마르딘의 일가지가 지휘하는 부대에게 1119년 7월 28일 궤멸한 사건이다.
1123년
Battle of Yibneh
In the Battle of Yibneh (Yibna) in 1123, a Crusader force led by Eustace Grenier crushed a Fatimid army from Egypt sent by vizier Al-Ma'mun between Ascalon and Jaffa.
1125년
Battle of Azaz (1125)
The Battle of Azaz was fought on 11 June 1125 between King Baldwin II of Jerusalem's crusader forces and allied Muslim forces led by Aq-Sunqur al-Bursuqi, the Seljuq atabeg of Mosul. One of the bloodiest confrontations before the Second Crusade, the battle resulted in a decisive victory for the Crusaders, causing disturbances of power in the Levant and weakening Seljuk domination in the area. Contemporary chronicler Matthew of Edessa even states that the remnants of al-Bursuqi's army were chased all the way to Aleppo. The battle effectively lifted the siege of Azaz and prevented it from falling to Turkoman hands.
1137년
Battle of Ba'rin
The Battle of Ba'rin in 1137 took place in Syria when a Crusader force commanded by King Fulk of Jerusalem was scattered and defeated by Zengi, the atabeg of Mosul and Aleppo. This setback resulted in the permanent loss of the Crusader castle of Montferrand in Baarin.
1138년
Siege of Shaizar (1138)
The city of Shaizar was besieged from April 28 to May 21, 1138. The allied forces of the Byzantine Empire, Principality of Antioch and County of Edessa invaded Muslim Syria. Having been repulsed from their main objective, the city of Aleppo, the combined Christian armies took a number of fortified settlements by assault and finally besieged Shaizar, the capital of the Munqidhite Emirate. The siege captured the city, but failed to take the citadel; it resulted in the Emir of Shaizar paying an indemnity and becoming the vassal of the Byzantine Emperor. The forces of Zengi, the greatest Muslim prince of the region, skirmished with the allied army, but it was too strong for them to risk battle. The campaign underlined the limited nature of Byzantine suzerainty over the northern Crusader states and the lack of common purpose between the Latin princes and the Byzantine Emperor.
1144년
Siege of Edessa (1144)
The siege of Edessa took place from 28 November to 24 December 1144, resulting in the fall of the capital of the County of Edessa to Imad al-Din Zengi, the atabeg of Mosul and Aleppo. This event was the catalyst for the Second Crusade.
1147년
Battle of Dorylaeum (1147)
The second Battle of Dorylaeum took place near Dorylaeum in October 1147 during the Second Crusade. The battle consisted of a series of encounters over several days. The German Crusader forces of Conrad III were defeated by the Seljuk Turks led by Sultan Mesud I.
1147년
Battle of Ephesus (1147)
The Battle of Ephesus took place on 24 December 1147 during the Second Crusade. The French Crusader army, led by Louis VII of France, successfully fended off an ambush by the Seljuks of Rum outside Ephesus.
1147년
Battle of Bosra (1147)
The Battle of Bosra was a lengthy and ultimately inconclusive battle fought in the spring of 1147 during the Second Crusade, between a Crusader force commanded by King Baldwin III of Jerusalem and Turkish forces from Damascus led by Mu'in ad-Din Unur, who was aided by Nur ad-Din's contingent from Mosul and Aleppo. Irritated by his Damascus overlord, the emir of Bosra and Salkhad invited the Crusaders to occupy the two places. Before the Latin army could take possession of Bosra, the emir's wife allowed a Damascene garrison into the city, and the thwarted Crusaders were forced to retreat via a grueling march through enemy territory. The Turks constantly harassed the retreating column but were unable to secure a inflict a defeat.
1148년
다마스쿠스 공방전
다마스쿠스 공방전은 제2차 십자군 운동 기간 중인 1148년 7월 25일 벌어졌으며 4일간 계속되어 7월 28일 끝났다. 이 공방전은 십자군의 결정적인 패배로 끝이 났으며, 십자군의 약화를 불러일으켰다. 교황 에우제니오 3세(Eugenius III)와 클레르보의 베르나르드(Bernard of Clairvaux)는 십자군의 필요성을 역설했고, 이에 호응하여 독일의 콘라트 3세(Conrad III of Germany)와 프랑스의 루이 7세(Louis VII of France)가 이끄는 두 개의 기독교 군세가 성지로 향했다. 양 군은 한 달 동안 아나톨리아를 돌파하는 힘겨운 행군을 하였고, 그들의 군세는 거의 붕괴되었다. 십자군의 주된 목표는 에데사였으나, 예루살렘의 왕 보두앵 3세(Baldwin III)와 성전 기사단은 다마스쿠스(Damascus)를 노리고 있었다. 독일과 프랑스, 그리고 예루살렘 왕국의 유력자로 구성된 아크레 회의에서 십자군의 목표를 에데사에서 다마스쿠스로 바꾸었다.
1148년
Battle of Mount Cadmus
The Battle of Mount Cadmus took place near Laodicea at Chonae on 6 January 1148 during the Second Crusade. The French Crusader army, led by Louis VII of France, was defeated by the Seljuks of Rum.
1149년
이나브 전투
이나브 전투는 아르드 알하팀 전투(Battle of Ard al-Hâtim) 혹은 폰스 무라투스(Fons Muratus)라 불리기도 한다. 이 전투에서 누르 앗 딘(Nur ad-Din) 휘하의 시리아군은 안티오키아의 레몽(Raymond of Antioch) 휘하의 십자군과 그들과 동맹을 맺은 알리 이븐 와파(Ali ibn-Wafa)의 군대를 1149년 6월 29일 격파하였다.
1153년
Siege of Ascalon
The siege of Ascalon took place from 25 January to 22 August 1153, in the time period between the Second and Third Crusades, and resulted in the capture of the Fatimid Egyptian fortress by the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Ascalon was an important castle that was used by the Fatimids to launch raids into the Crusader kingdom's territory, and by 1153 it was the last coastal city in Palestine that was not controlled by the Crusaders.
1157년
Battle of Lake Huleh (1157)
In the Battle of Lake Huleh in June 1157, a Crusader army led by King Baldwin III of Jerusalem was ambushed and badly defeated by Nur ad-Din Zangi, the emir of Aleppo and Damascus. While the king and some fighting men escaped to a nearby castle, a large number were killed or made prisoner. The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem escaped worse damage when their adversary became ill and was unable to follow up his victory. The Hula Valley is located in the northeast part of modern-day Israel. At the time of the battle, the area belonged to the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
1163년
Battle of al-Buqaia
In the Battle of al-Buqaia in 1163, the Crusaders and their allies inflicted a rare defeat on Nur ad-Din Zangi, the Emir of Aleppo and Damascus. King Amalric I led the army of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, together with contingents from the northern Latin states, a substantial body of pilgrims who had just arrived from France, and a force brought by the Byzantine governor of Cilicia. For the Christian forces, this victory only gave a brief respite from the sustained Muslim offensive.
1164년
Battle of Harim
The Battle of Harim (Harenc) was fought on 12 August 1164 at Harim, Syria, between the forces of Nur ad-Din, and a combined army from the County of Tripoli, the Principality of Antioch, the Byzantine Empire, and Armenia. Nur ad-Din won a crushing victory, capturing most of the leaders of the opposing army.
1167년
Battle of al-Babein
The Battle of al-Babein took place on March 18, 1167, during the third Crusader invasion of Egypt. King Amalric I of Jerusalem, and a Zengid army under Shirkuh, both hoped to take the control of Egypt over from the Fatimid Caliphate. Saladin served as Shirkuh’s highest-ranking officer in the battle. The result was a tactical draw between the forces, however the Crusaders failed to gain access to Egypt.
1177년
몽기사르 전투
몽기사르 전투는 1177년 11월 25일 팔레스타인 몽기사르에서 벌어진 예루살렘 왕국과 아이유브 술탄국의 전투이다.
1179년
Battle of Marj Ayyun
The Battle of Marj Ayyun was a military confrontation fought at Marj Ayyun near the Litani River in June 1179 between the Kingdom of Jerusalem under Baldwin IV and the Ayyubid armies under the leadership of Saladin. It ended in a decisive victory for the Muslims and is considered the first in the long series of Islamic victories under Saladin against the Christians. However, the Christian King, Baldwin IV of Jerusalem, who was crippled by leprosy, was saved by his bodyguard and narrowly escaped capture.
1179년
Siege of Jacob's Ford
The siege of Jacob's Ford was a victory of the Muslim Sultan Saladin over an unnamed Templar Castellan of Jacob's Ford. It occurred in August 1179, when Saladin conquered and destroyed Chastelet, a new border castle built by the Knights Templar at Jacob's Ford on the upper Jordan River, a historic passage point between the Golan Heights and north Galilee. Jacob's Ford is also known by the Latin name of Vadum Iacob and in modern Hebrew as Ateret. Many scholars believe that Saladin's reconquest of the Holy Land and Jerusalem in 1187 was heralded by this earlier victory.
1182년
Battle of Belvoir Castle
The Battle of Belvoir Castle, also called the Battle of Le Forbelet, was a part of Saladin's campaign in May — August 1182 against the Crusaders. Crusader forces led by King Baldwin IV of Jerusalem battled with Ayyubid forces from Egypt commanded by Saladin. Saladin took action in Damascus on June 11, 1182, together with his regent Farrukh Shah. Entering Palestine from the south of Tiberias, Saladin encountered the Crusader army coming from Transjordan near Belvoir Castle.
1183년
Battle of al-Fule
In the campaign and Battle of al-Fule, a Crusader force led by Guy of Lusignan skirmished with Saladin's Ayyubid army for more than a week in September and October 1183. The fighting ended on 6 October with Saladin being forced to withdraw.
1183년
Siege of Kerak (1183)
Kerak Castle, one of the most impregnable strongholds in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, underwent its first significant siege in late 1183. Saladin, ruler of Egypt and Damascus, besieged Kerak in early November 1183 after its lord, Raynald of Châtillon, conducted raids of Saladin's lands.
1187년
하틴 전투
하틴 전투는 1187년 7월 4일 예루살렘 왕국의 기독교 십자군 병력과 살라흐 앗 딘이 이끄는 아이유브 술탄국 군대 사이에 벌어진 전투이다. 살라흐 앗 딘의 이슬람군은 이 전투에서 대승리를 거두어 대부분의 십자군 장군들과 병사를 죽이거나 사로잡았고, 이 전투의 패배로 군사력을 상실한 예루살렘 왕국은 결국 예루살렘을 이슬람에게 내주게 된다.
1187년
예루살렘 공방전 (1187년)
예루살렘 공방전은 1187년 9월 20일부터 10월 2일까지 예루살렘에서 아이유브 술탄국과 예루살렘 왕국 사이에 있었던 전투이다. 1187년 여름 살라흐 앗 딘은 하틴 전투에서 예루살렘 왕국의 군대를 물리치고 여러 도시들을 함락했다. 이에 맞서 발리앙 디블랭이 예루살렘의 방비를 맡아 몇 차례 도시를 방어하였으며, 살라흐 앗 딘과의 협상으로 도시의 항복이 이루어졌다.
1187년
Battle of Cresson
The Battle of Cresson was a small battle between Frankish and Egyptian Ayyubid forces on 1 May 1187 at the "Spring of the Cresson." While the exact location of the spring is unknown, it is located in the environs of Nazareth. The conflict was a prelude to the decisive defeat of the Kingdom of Jerusalem at the Battle of Hattin two months later.
1187년 – 1188년
Siege of Tyre (1187)
The siege of Tyre took place from 12 November 1187 to 1 January 1188. An Ayyubid army commanded by Saladin made an amphibious assault on the city, defended by Conrad of Montferrat. After two months of continuous struggle, Saladin dismissed his army and retreated to Acre.
1189년 – 1191년
Siege of Acre (1189–1191)
The siege of Acre was the first significant counterattack by Guy of Jerusalem against Saladin, Sultan of Egypt and Syria. This pivotal siege formed part of what later became known as the Third Crusade. The siege lasted from August 1189 until July 1191, at which time the city's coastal position meant the attacking Latin forces were unable to fully capture the city and Saladin was unable to fully relieve it, with both sides receiving supplies and resources by sea. It concluded as a key victory for the Crusaders and a serious setback for Saladin's ambition to destroy the Crusader states.
1190년
Battle of Iconium (1190)
The Battle of Iconium took place on May 18, 1190, during the Third Crusade, in the expedition of Frederick Barbarossa to the Holy Land. As a result, Iconium, the capital city of the Sultanate of Rûm under Kilij Arslan II, fell to the Imperial forces.
1190년
Battle of Philomelion (1190)
The Battle of Philomelion was a victory of the forces of the Holy Roman Empire over the Turkish forces of the Sultanate of Rûm on 7 May 1190 during the Third Crusade.
1191년
Battle of Arsuf
The Battle of Arsuf took place on 7 September 1191, as part of the Third Crusade. It saw a multi-national force of Crusaders, led by Richard I of England, defeat a significantly larger army of the Ayyubid Sultanate, led by Saladin.
1192년
Battle of Jaffa (1192)
The Battle of Jaffa took place during the Crusades, as one of a series of campaigns between the army of Sultan Saladin and the Crusader forces led by King Richard I of England. It was the final battle of the Third Crusade, after which Saladin and King Richard were able to negotiate a truce. Although the Crusaders did not regain possession of Jerusalem, Christian pilgrims were permitted entry into the city, and the Crusaders were able to retain control of a sizable strip of land stretching from Beirut to Jaffa.
1203년
Siege of Constantinople (1203)
The siege of Constantinople in 1203 was a crucial episode of the Fourth Crusade, marking the beginning of a series of events that would ultimately lead to the fall of the Byzantine capital. The crusaders, diverted from their original mission to reclaim Jerusalem, found themselves in Constantinople, in support of the deposed emperor Isaac II Angelos and his son Alexios IV Angelos. The besieging forces, primarily composed of Western European knights faced initial setbacks, but their determination and advanced siege weaponry played a pivotal role in pressuring the Byzantine defenders.
1204년
Sack of Constantinople
The sack of Constantinople occurred in April 1204 and marked the culmination of the Fourth Crusade. Crusaders sacked and destroyed most of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire. After the capture of the city, the Latin Empire was established and Baldwin IX of Flanders crowned emperor in Hagia Sophia.
1205년
Battle of Adrianople (1205)
The Battle of Adrianople occurred around Adrianople on April 14, 1205, between Bulgarians, Cumans and Vlachs under the command of Tsar Kaloyan of Bulgaria, and Crusaders under Baldwin I, who only months before had been crowned Emperor of Constantinople, allied with Venetians under Doge Enrico Dandolo. The battle was won by the Bulgarian Empire after a successful ambush.
1205년
Battle of Adramyttion (1205)
The Battle of Adramyttion occurred on 19 March 1205 between the Latin Crusaders and the Byzantine Greek Empire of Nicaea, one of the kingdoms established after the fall of Constantinople to the Fourth Crusade in 1204. It resulted in a comprehensive victory for the Latins. There are two accounts of the battle, one by Geoffrey de Villehardouin, and the other by Nicetas Choniates, which differ significantly.
1218년 – 1219년
Siege of Damietta (1218–1219)
The siege of Damietta of 1218–1219 was part of the Fifth Crusade in which the Crusaders attacked the Egyptian port city of Damietta. The city was besieged in 1218 and taken by the Crusaders in 1219.
1244년
Siege of Jerusalem (1244)
The siege of Jerusalem of 1244 took place after the Sixth Crusade, when a Khwarazmian army conquered the city on July 15, 1244.
1244년
Battle of Forbie
The Battle of Forbie, also known as the Battle of La Forbie or the Battle of Hiribya, was fought on October 17–18, 1244 between the allied armies and the Egyptian army of the Ayyubid Sultan as-Salih Ayyub, reinforced with Khwarezmian mercenaries. The resulting Ayyubid victory led to the call for the Seventh Crusade and marked the collapse of Christian power in the Holy Land.
1249년
Siege of Damietta (1249)
The siege of Damietta occurred in 1249 and was part of the Seventh Crusade.
1250년
파리스크르 전투
파리스크르 전투(영어: Battle of Fariskur)는 1250년 4월 6일 프랑스 왕 루이 9세(훗날 성 루이 )가 지휘하는 프랑스의 십자군과 투란샤가 지휘하는 이집트(당시 아이유브 왕조) 군대 사이에서 벌어진 전투이다.
1250년
Battle of Mansurah (1250)
The Battle of Mansurah was fought from 8 to 11 February 1250, between Crusaders led by Louis IX, King of France, and Ayyubid forces led by Egypt's Sultana Shajar al-Durr, vizier Fakhr al-Din ibn al-Shaykh, Faris ad-Din Aktai, Baybars and Qutuz. It was fought in present-day Mansoura, Egypt. The Crusader force was enticed into entering the town where it was set upon by the Muslim force. The Crusaders withdrew in disorder to their encampment where they were besieged by the Egyptians. The Crusaders broke out and withdrew to Damietta in early April.
1260년
아인잘루트 전투
아인잘루트 전투(영어: Battle of Ain Jalut)는 1260년 9월 3일 현재는 요르단강 서안 지구(웨스트 뱅크)라 불리는 지방의 북부인 팔레스타인의 갈릴리, 제즈리엘 계곡에서 쿠투즈가 이끄는 이집트계 맘루크 술탄국군이 키트부카가 이끄는 시리아 주둔 몽골 제국군 및 기독교도 제후연합군을 격파한 전투이다.
1266년
Battle of Mari
The Battle of Mari, also called the Disaster of Mari, was a battle between the Egyptians of the Mamluk Sultanate and the Armenians of Cilician Armenia on 24 August 1266.
1268년
Siege of Antioch (1268)
The siege of Antioch occurred in 1268 when the Mamluk Sultanate under Baybars finally succeeded in capturing the city of Antioch. Prior to the siege, the Crusader Principality was oblivious to the loss of the city, as demonstrated when Baybars sent negotiators to the leader of the former Crusader state and mocked his use of "Prince" in the title Prince of Antioch.
1271년
Fall of Krak des Chevaliers
The Crusader fortress of Krak des Chevaliers fell to the Egyptian Mamluk sultan Baybars in 1271. Baybars went north to deal with Krak des Chevaliers after the death of Louis IX of France on 29 November 1270.
1271년
Truce of Tripoli (1271)
The Truce of Tripoli was an agreement signed in late May 1271 between the Mamluk Sultan Baybars and the Count of Tripoli Bohemond VI of Antioch. Baybars initially wanted to attack the County of Tripoli, but after the arrival of a new Ninth Crusade, he made a truce that lasted ten years with terms to allow Baybars to retain his conquests.
1291년
아크레 공방전 (1291년)
아크레 공방전(Siege of Acre, 혹은 아크레 함락 이라고 불리기도 한다.) 1291년에 일어났으며 무슬림에 의해 십자군이 다스리던 도시 아크레가 함락된 결과를 낳았다. 이는 이 시기에 가장 중요한 전투 중 하나로 여겨진다. 비록 십자군 운동이 그 후 몇세기 동안 몇번 더 계속되기도 했지만 이 도시의 함락은 더 이상 동지중해(Levant)에서의 십자군 운동의 종결을 뜻했다. 아크레가 함락될 때 십자군은 그들의 주전력인 예루살렘 왕국의 십자군을 잃었다. 그들은 여전히 북쪽 도시인 타르투스(Tartus)의 요새에 머물렀으며 해안가의 침입을 방어하고 루드(Ruad)의 작은 섬으로부터 침략을 시도하였다. 그러나 그들이 1302년과 1303년 사이에 벌어진 루드 공방전(Siege of Ruad)에서 이 거점을 잃은 뒤 십자군은 더 이상 성지의 어느부분에도 영향력을 발휘할 수 없었다.
이 땅의 앞뒤 사건
- 66년 – 74년제1차 유대-로마 전쟁
- 636년야르무크 전투
- 691년예루살렘 바위의 돔 완공
- 1095년 – 1291년십자군이 페이지
- 1187년하틴 전투
- 1260년아인잘루트 전투
- 1869년수에즈 운하 개통
이 땅을 다스린 나라
역사 국경 데이터(Cliopatria)에서 이곳이 속한 나라입니다. 연도는 데이터 간격(몇 년~100년)만큼 대략적입니다. 누르면 그해 지도로 갑니다.
16개 더 보기
- 기원전 1800년 – 기원전 1500년힉소스
- 기원전 1400년 – 기원전 1200년이집트 신왕국
- 기원전 1100년불레셋
- 기원전 1000년 – 기원전 750년이스라엘 왕국
- 기원전 700년신아시리아 제국
- 기원전 650년아시리아령 이집트
- 기원전 600년 – 기원전 550년신바빌로니아 제국
- 기원전 500년 – 기원전 350년아케메네스 왕조
- 기원전 300년 – 기원전 200년프톨레마이오스 왕국
- 기원전 150년 – 기원전 100년셀레우코스 제국
- 기원전 50년 – 1년유대
- 25년 – 375년로마 제국
- 400년 – 600년동로마 제국
- 625년사산 제국
- 650년정통 칼리파국
- 675년 – 750년우마이야 칼리파조