프로이센-프랑스 전쟁
- 시기
- 1870년 7월 – 1871년 1월
- 진영
- 프랑스 vs 프로이센·독일 연방
- 전투
- 49
프로이센-프랑스 전쟁(1870년 7월 19일 ~ 1871년 5월 10일)은 통일 독일을 이룩하려는 프로이센과 이를 저지하려는 프랑스 제2제국 간에 벌어진 전쟁이다. 보불전쟁(普佛戰爭) 또는 독불전쟁(獨佛戰爭)이라고도 불린다. 이 전쟁으로 프랑스에서는 제2제국이 무너지고 제3공화국이 세워졌으며, 프로이센은 오스트리아를 제외한 독일 연방 내 모든 회원국을 통합해 독일 제국을 세웠다. 전쟁의 직접적인 원인은 스페인 왕위 계승 문제로 불거진 엠스 전보사건이다. 이 사건으로 인해 프랑스와 프로이센 국민간에 감정이 격해지고 여론이 악화되자 프로이센의 세력확장을 저지하고 유럽내 지배적 위치를 유지하고자 하는 프랑스가 선전포고를 하면서 전쟁이 시작되었다.
출처: 위키백과 — 프로이센-프랑스 전쟁 · CC BY-SA 4.0
전투 49
1870년 8월
그라블로트 전투
그라블로트 전투(영어: Battle of Gravelotte, 프랑스어: Bataille de Gravelotte, 독일어: Schlacht bei Gravelotte)는 1870년 8월 18일 프로이센-프랑스 전쟁 과정에서 벌어진 최대 규모의 전투이다. 프랑스 로렌의 그라블로트 마을에서 이름을 따왔으며, 메스에서 서쪽으로 약 9.7km 떨어진 지역에서 벌어졌다. 그라블로트-생프리바 전투(영어: Battle of Gravelotte–St. Privat), 생프리바 전투(프랑스어: Bataille de Saint-Privat), 또는 아망빌 전투(프랑스어: Bataille d'Amanvillers)라는 명칭으로도 불린다.
1870년 8월 – 1870년 10월
Siege of Metz (1870)
The Siege of Metz was a siege fought during the Franco-Prussian War from 19 August to 27 October 1870, and ended in a decisive allied German victory.
1870년 8월
마르스라투르 전투
마르스라투르 전투는 1870년 프랑스-프로이센 전쟁 당시 프랑스와 프로이센이 전투를 벌여 프로이센이 승리한 전투로, 연이어 발생한 그라블로트 전투와 함께 프로이센군이 프랑스군보다 더 많은 사상자를 냈으나 프랑스군을 함정에 빠뜨려 스당 전투에서 승리하는 데 성공했다.
1870년 8월 – 1870년 9월
Siege of Strasbourg
The siege of Strasbourg took place during the Franco-Prussian War, and resulted in the French surrender of the fortress on 28 September 1870.
1870년 8월
Battle of Wissembourg (1870)
The Battle of Wissembourg or Battle of Weissenburg, the first of the Franco-Prussian War, was joined when three German army corps surprised the small French garrison at Wissembourg on 4 August 1870. The defenders, greatly outnumbered, fought stubbornly "especially considering they were surprised and greatly outnumbered, that the French sustained their old renown as fighting men and that the first defeat, although severe, reflected no discredit on the soldiers of the 1st Corps." The fall of Wissembourg allowed the Prussian army to move into France and compelled Marshal Patrice MacMahon to give battle, and suffer defeat, at the Battle of Wörth on 6 August.
1870년 8월
Battle of Spicheren
The Battle of Spicheren was fought on 6 August 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War. German forces won a victory compelled the French to withdraw to the defenses of Metz. The battle was the second of three critical French defeats. General Helmuth von Moltke the Elder had originally planned to keep François Achille Bazaine's army around the Saar until he could attack it with the 2nd Army in front and the 1st Army on its left flank, while the 3rd Army closed towards the rear. The aging General Karl Friedrich von Steinmetz made an overzealous, unplanned move, leading the 1st Army south from his position on the Moselle. He moved straight toward the town of Spicheren, cutting off Prince Frederick Charles from his forward cavalry units in the process.
1870년 8월
Battle of Wörth
The Battle of Wörth, also known as the Battle of Reichshoffen or as the Battle of Frœschwiller, refers to the second battle of Wörth, which took place on 6 August 1870 in the opening stages of the Franco-Prussian War. In the second battle, troops from Germany commanded by Crown Prince Frederick William and directed by his chief of staff, General Leonhard Graf von Blumenthal, defeated the French under Marshal MacMahon near the village of Wœrth in Alsace, on the Sauer River, 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) north of Haguenau.
1870년 8월
Battle of Beaumont
The Battle of Beaumont on 30 August 1870 was won by Prussia during the Franco-Prussian War.
1870년 8월
Battle of Noisseville
The Battle of Noisseville on 31 August 1870 was fought during the Franco-Prussian War and ended in a Prussian victory.
1870년 8월
Battle of Borny–Colombey
The Battle of Borny–Colombey or the Battle of Colombey-Nouilly took place on 14 August 1870 as part of the Franco-Prussian War. During the battle the escape route of the French army under François Bazaine was blocked when the French encountered the First Army under von Steinmetz. The outcome of the battle itself was a French victory as the French were able to escape to Metz, although they were delayed for 12 hours.
1870년 8월 – 1870년 9월
Battle of Bazeilles
The Battle of Bazeilles was fought on 1 September 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War as a portion of the larger Battle of Sedan and was one of the first battles to feature modern urban warfare tactics. It took place in Bazeilles, France, a small village in the department of Ardennes near Sedan, and involved a force of Bavarian soldiers battling against French marines and partisans.
1870년 8월 – 1870년 9월
Siege of Toul
The siege of Toul was the siege of the fortified French town of Toul from 16 August to 23 September 1870 by Prussian, Bavarian and Württemberg forces during the Franco-Prussian War. Toul controlled a railway line leading to Germany and it was vital for the Germans to secure it to resupply and reinforce their armies in northern France.
1870년 8월
Battle of Saarbrücken
The Battle of Saarbrücken was the first major engagement between the French Empire and the Kingdom of Prussia during the Franco-Prussian War. The battle took place on 2 August 1870, around the city of Saarbrücken.
1870년 8월
Battle of Nouart
The Battle of Nouart was fought on 29 August 1870 at the village of Nouart. Part of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–1871, the battle saw Prince George's 46th Infantry Brigade of the XII Royal Saxony Corps defeat Pierre Louis Charles de Failly's V Corps of the French Empire.
1870년 8월 – 1870년 12월
Siege of Phalsbourg
The siege of Phalsbourg was an early battle of the Franco-Prussian War that was fought between the French Empire against Germany at Phalsbourg near the Vosges beginning on 10 August 1870, and ending on 12 December of the same year.
1870년 8월 – 1870년 11월
Siege of Thionville (1870)
The siege of Thionville took place within the Franco-Prussian War. It occurred in Thionville of the Moselle from 13 to 24 November 1870. The small French garrison repulsed an attempted attack on 14 August. The garrison was subjected to a blockade and then besieged from 13 November. After the capitulation of Metz, on 28 October 1870, the Prussians moved part of their powerful artillery to Thionville. Bombed from 22 November, the square surrendered on 24 November. The capture of Thionville and that of Montmédy a month later gave the Germans control of the railway to the Picardy front.
1870년 8월 – 1871년 3월
Siege of Bitche
The siege of Bitche was a battle during the Franco-Prussian War initially caused by the German forces on August 8, 1870, to March 26, 1871, where the two nations would sign an armistice. The siege was considered a brave siege under the command of governor Louis-Casimir Teyssier, and of the chief of the troops of the place: Geniès-Hippolyte Bousquet who both would be appointed lieutenant-colonels during the siege.
1870년 8월
Siege of Lichtenberg
The siege of Lichtenberg was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War that took place on August 9 to 10 in 1870 at Lichtenberg Castle between the French and the German troops. After a brief but fierce shelling a German force under the command of Generalmajor Hermann Freiherr von Hügel, part of the Württemberg Division and the Third Army forced the surrender of the French garrison of Lichtenberg under the command of Second Lieutenant Archer. In addition to Lichtenberg, in a single period in August 1870, the German army also defeated the French fortresses of La Petite-Pierre, Marsal and Vitry-le-François.
1870년 8월
Battle of Buzancy
Battle of Buzancy was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War which took place on 27 August 1870 in Buzancy, France between the French Empire and the combined German forces of Prussia and Saxony. The midfield force of the 24th Brigade of a division Saxon cavalry of the Maas Army of the Prussian army won a victory over the Cavalry Regiment. 12th Chasseur light infantry of the V Army of the French Empire under the command of General Pierre Louis Charles de Failly. Taken by surprise in this cavalry battle, the French formation was torn apart and almost completely annihilated. On the Prussian - German side, the captains of the two cavalry squadrons involved in the battle were wounded. The defeat at Buzancy forced the retreat of the French cavalry squadrons, and the Battle of Buzancy is arguably the most characteristic cavalry and artillery clash of the war.
1870년 9월
스당 전투
스당 전투는 프랑스-프로이센 전쟁 당시 프로이센이 뫼즈강 연안 스당 요새에서 프랑스군을 격파한 결정적인 전투로 이 전투에서 프랑스 황제 나폴레옹 3세가 포로로 잡혀 프랑스 제2제정의 몰락을 초래했다.
1870년 9월 – 1871년 1월
Siege of Paris (1870–1871)
The Siege of Paris took place from 19 September 1870 to 28 January 1871 and ended in the capture of the city by forces of the various states of the North German Confederation, led by the Kingdom of Prussia. The siege was the culmination of the Franco-Prussian War, which saw the Second French Empire attempt to reassert its dominance over continental Europe by declaring war on the North German Confederation. The Prussian-dominated North German Confederation had recently emerged victorious in the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, which led to the questioning of France's status as the dominant power of continental Europe. With a declaration of war by the French parliament on 16 July 1870, Imperial France soon faced a series of defeats at German hands over the following months, leading to the Battle of Sedan, which, on 2 September 1870, saw a decisive defeat of French forces and the capture of the French emperor, Napoleon III.
1870년 9월
Battle of Chevilly
The battle of Chevilly was fought during the siege of Paris. The battle was the second French sortie from Paris against the German armies. On 30 September 1870 General Joseph Vinoy attacked the Prussian VI Corps at Chevilly and was easily repulsed.
1870년 9월 – 1870년 12월
Siege of Montmédy
The siege of Montmédy was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War at the small commune of Montmédy, in the Meuse, it was besieged by the army of the German coalition. Defended by the 57th Line Infantry Regiment, the Garde Mobile and elements of other units, it surrendered on December 14, 1870.
1870년 9월 – 1870년 10월
Siege of Soissons
The Siege of Soissons was a military engagement during the Franco-Prussian War, ending with the capitulation of Soissons.
1870년 10월
Battle of Bellevue
The Battle of Bellevue on 7 October 1870 was fought during the Franco-Prussian War and ended in a Prussian victory.
1870년 10월
Battle of Le Bourget
The First battle of Le Bourget was part of the siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War, fought between 27 and 30 October 1870.
1870년 10월
Battle of Châtillon
The battle of Châtillon, also known as the battle of Châtillon-sous-Bagneux, was a skirmish in the siege of Paris between France and North German Confederation in the Franco-Prussian War, took place on 13 October 1870. This is also considered the first battle in the history of the French Third Republic. In this fierce battle – occurred at Châtillon and Sceaux, Corps V of the Prussian army under the command of Lieutenant General Infantry Hugo von Kirchbach, along with the II Corps of the Kingdom of Bavaria by the Supreme Minister infantry Jakob von Hartmann which were the forces of the army Group 3 of Prussia by Prince Friedrich Wilhelm as General command., won a victory against an attack by the XIV Corps under General Renault - of the French army under General Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot. Although some soldiers under Ducrot fought well, the majority of his army became agitated. The French were forced to flee to Paris, losing the Châtillon Plateau - a very favorable defensive position overlooking the fortresses south of Paris - to the Germans. This was a disaster for the "justice" of the French army during the war, although the French reported that they suffered only minor losses.
1870년 10월 – 1871년 1월
Battle of Dijon (1870)
The Battles of Dijon were a series of battles that took place in 1870 and 1871, as part of the Franco-Prussian War, on the current territory of the French commune of Dijon between the French Republic and the German states of Prussia and Baden and later, the German Empire.
1870년 10월
Battle of Buzenval (1870)
The (First) Battle of Buzenval took place on 21 October 1870 during the siege of Paris in the Franco-Prussian War. Following the collapse of the French field armies and the encirclement of Paris, Governor Louis-Jules Trochu authorised a limited sortie to test Prussian positions west of the capital. General Auguste-Alexandre Ducrot, commanding the French 14th Army Corps, was tasked with probing the sector around Rueil, the Château of Malmaison, the hamlets of La Jonchère and Buzenval, held by elements of the Prussian V Corps, parts of the IV Corps and detachments of the Guard Corps. the hamlets of Malmaison, la Jonchère, and the château of Buzenval.
1870년 10월
Battle of Châteaudun
The Battle of Châteaudun took place in northwestern France during the Franco-Prussian War on 18 October 1870. In this battle, the Imperial German Army led by General Friedrich Wilhelm Ludwig von Wittich attacked the city of Châteaudun and captured the city. During the nine-hour battle the attackers defeated forces that included Francs-tireurs led by Ernest de Lipowski who was of Polish origin. Although it ended in defeat, the resistance of the French army at Châteaudun is recorded by one document as legendary. The fighting at Châteaudun was immortalized by a painting by Philippoteaux.
1870년 11월
Battle of Amiens (1870)
The Battle of Amiens, also known as the Battle of Villers-Bretonneux, was fought on 27 November 1870 between French and Prussian forces during the Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871). It ended in a Prussian victory, forcing the French to retreat and allowing the Prussians to capture Amiens, France.
1870년 11월
Battle of Beaune-la-Rolande
The Battle of Beaune-la-Rolande on 28 November 1870 took place during the Franco-Prussian War, which was won by Prussia. In an attempt to relieve the Siege of Paris, French General Crouzat's XX Corps launched an attack against three Prussian brigades resting in Beaune-la-Rolande. These brigades were from the Prussian X Corps which was detailed to guard the flanks and rear of the force besieging Paris and provide early warning of any French counter-attacks. The French committed a force of 60,000 men, largely conscripts of the Garde Mobile, and 140 guns against the Prussians' 9,000 men and 70 guns, mostly drawn from regular troops, although military historian Gaston Bodart estimated their strength at 40,000 men and 174 guns. Despite the superiority of numbers the French attack failed to take the village and was ultimately forced to retreat by Prussian reinforcements.
1870년 11월
Battle of Coulmiers
The Battle of Coulmiers was fought on 9 November 1870 between French and Bavarian forces during the Franco-Prussian War, ending in French victory.
1870년 11월 – 1871년 2월
Siege of Belfort
The siege of Belfort was a 103-day military assault and blockade of the city of Belfort, France by Prussian forces during the Franco-Prussian War. The French garrison held out until the January 1871 armistice between France and the German Empire obligated French forces to abandon the stronghold in February 1871.
1870년 11월 – 1870년 12월
Battle of Villiers
The Battle of Villiers, also called the Battle of Champigny, was the largest of the French sorties from besieged Paris during the Franco-Prussian War.
1870년 11월
Siege of La Fère
The Siege of La Fère took place during the Franco-Prussian War from 15 November until 26 November 1870, at the fortress of La Fère in France. French troops stationed at La Fère under the command of Captain Jacques Ferdinand Planche resisted the siege from the Imperial German Army, but surrendered the fort after eleven days on 26 November 1870, which resulted in a German victory. During the siege, the German army captured thousands of prisoners, most of whom were Garde Mobile soldiers, and took control of many French weapons. The German shelling of La Fère took place over the course of two days and severely damaged the town. After the Germans captured La Fère, they used cannons to arm the stronghold of Amiens.
1870년 12월
Battle of Orléans (December 1870)
The Second Battle of Orléans of Battle of Vaumainbert was fought during the Franco-Prussian War of 1870. It took place on December 3 and 4, 1870 and was part of the Loire Campaign. The Germans recaptured Orléans, which had been retaken by the French on November 11, 1870 after the Battle of Coulmiers, and divided the French Army of the Loire in two. Future king of Serbia, Peter, took part in the battle on the French side. The French lost 20,000 men in two days of combat, including 18,000 captured or missing, as well as 74 guns and four gunboats. German manpower losses amounted to 2,000, of which 400 killed and 1,600 wounded. The Germans lost 368 horses, including 175 killed, 183 wounded and 10 missing.
1870년 12월
Battle of Loigny–Poupry
The Battle of Loigny–Lumeau-Poupry was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War. It took place on 2 December 1870 during the Loire Campaign on a frontline between Loigny, Lumeau and Poupry. During the battle, the Royal Bavarian 10th Infantry Regiment, "King Ludwig" had to evade the attacking French. During operations following the recapture of Orléans in early December 1870, German forces secured their flanks while preparing for renewed fighting along the Loire, culminating in the Battle of Beaugency on 8–9 December.
1870년 12월
Battle of Hallue
The Battle of Hallue was a battle of the Franco-Prussian War on 23 and 24 December 1870.
1870년 12월
Battle of Beaugency (1870)
The Battle of Beaugency took place during the Franco-Prussian War between the army group of the Grand Duke of Mecklenburg, and the French Armée de la Loire, won by the Prussians. It lasted from 8 to 10 December 1870 and occurred on the left bank of the river Loire to the northwest of the town of Beaugency. Due to the large area over which it was fought, it is also known as the Battle of Beaugency-Cravant or the Battle of Villorceau-Josnes.
1870년 12월 – 1871년 1월
Siege of Péronne
The siege of Peronne was a battle during the Franco-Prussian War, from December 26, 1870 until January 9, 1871, in Péronne, Somme of France. The German siege force, under the command of Lieutenant Generals August von Goeben and Albert von Barnekow, forced the French army at Péronne- which could not be rescued and had to surrender after more than a week under the bombardment of the Prussian army. With the victory, the armies of Albert von Barnekow captured a defending force of thousands of French soldiers in Peronne, and obtained a large number of cannons and war materials to the Prussians hands. In general, the advantage of the artillery of the Prussians as well as the dynamism of German officers is credited with leading to German victories in the sieges of French fortresses, and the success at the Siege of Péronne solidified German control over the river Somme.
1870년 12월
Battle of Chateauneuf
The Battle of Châteauneuf was a battle in the Franco-Prussian War that took place on 3 December 1870 at the Châteauneuf, Côte-d'Or, France. During this engagement, the 3rd Infantry Brigade of the Prussian army, which was a part of the Baden Division and was under the command of General Keller repelled an ambush of the French army under the command of General Camille Crémer. The battle facilitated the Prussian army to continue its withdrawal from Autun. The battle lasted for seven hours, and brought the Prussian army negligible losses, with 153 casualties. However, the Germans viewed this engagement as one of their most glorious victories of the campaign.
1871년 1월
Battle of St. Quentin (1871)
The Battle of St. Quentin took place during the Franco-Prussian War when Prussian forces defeated French attempts to relieve the besieged city of Paris.
1871년 1월
Battle of Le Mans
The Battle of Le Mans was a German victory during the Franco-Prussian War that ended French resistance in western France.
1871년 1월
Battle of the Lisaine
The Battle of the Lisaine, also known as the Battle of Héricourt, was fought from 15 January to 17 January 1871 between German and French forces. The French were led by Charles Denis Bourbaki, and were attempting to relieve the Siege of Belfort. The Germans prepared XIV Corps (Baden) and several other divisions, some 40,000–45,000 men, to halt the French advance of about 110,000 men. The Germans had their outer posts overran quite swiftly but the Prussians forced back and counterattacked the French forces, breaking the morale of French troops and leaving them to either die or retreat. In the end their efforts failed, and they were forced to flee into Switzerland where they were all interned soon after.
1871년 1월
Battle of Bapaume (1871)
The Battle of Bapaume took place during the Franco-Prussian War, brought about by French attempts to relieve the besieged city of Péronne, Somme. The battle was fought on 3 January 1871 near the town of Bapaume.
1871년 1월
Battle of Villersexel
The Battle of Villersexel took place on 9 January 1871 as part of the Franco-Prussian War. Elements of the French Armée de l'Est under General Bourbaki engaged August von Werder's German forces. It resulted in a French victory.
1871년 1월
Battle of Buzenval (1871)
The (Second) Battle of Buzenval, also known as the Battle of Mont Valérien, was part of the siege of Paris during the Franco-Prussian War. On 19 January 1871, the day after Wilhelm I was proclaimed German Emperor, Louis Jules Trochu attacked the Germans west of Paris in Buzenval Park. The attackers seized the town of Saint-Cloud, coming close to the new Emperor's headquarters at Versailles. Trochu was able to maintain his position at St Cloud for most of the day, but the failure of other French forces to hold their positions left him isolated and the Crown Prince's army was able to force Trochu's salient back into Paris by the next day. This was the last effort to break out of Paris. Trochu turned over command of the Paris defenses to Joseph Vinoy who negotiated the surrender of the city ten days later.
1871년 1월 – 1871년 2월
Battle of Pontarlier
The Battle of Pontarlier, also known as the Battle of Pontarlier-La Cluse, was the final military operation of the Franco-Prussian War, that took place from 29 January to 2 February 1871, near Pontarlier and La Cluse-et-Mijoux, not long after the newly formed German Empire and French Republic had a ceasefire. During these engagements, the German Army of the South, under the command of Lieutenant General Edwin von Manteuffel won over the French Eastern Army under the command of General Justin Clinchant, the battle forced the French Eastern Army to withdraw to neutral Switzerland. The strong efforts of the German armies led by General August von Werder in The previous Battle of the Lisaine, as well as that of General Von Manteuffel's armies at the Battle of Pontarlier, resulted in the collapse of the assault on southern Germany which the Eastern Army had expected to be ruined. At the same time, the defeat of the Eastern Army finally forced the French Interior Minister Léon Gambetta to end resistance to the Germans. The defeat at Pontarlier also brought the French heavy losses, including a large number of soldiers being taken prisoner.
이 땅의 앞뒤 사건
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역사 국경 데이터(Cliopatria)에서 이곳이 속한 나라입니다. 연도는 데이터 간격(몇 년~100년)만큼 대략적입니다. 누르면 그해 지도로 갑니다.