미영 전쟁
- 시기
- 1812년 6월 – 1815년 2월
- 진영
- 미국 vs 영국
- 전투
- 48
미영 전쟁(美英戰爭) 또는 1812년 전쟁(영어: War of 1812)은 1812년 6월부터 1815년 2월까지 미국과 영국, 그리고 양국의 동맹국 사이에서 벌어진 전쟁이다. 영국의 역사학자들은 이 전쟁을 나폴레옹 전쟁의 일부로 간주하지만, 미국과 캐나다에서는 서로 구별하고 있으며, 나폴레옹 전쟁과 별개로 벌어진 전쟁으로 간주한다.
출처: 위키백과 — 미영 전쟁 · CC BY-SA 4.0
전투 48
1812년 7월
Siege of Fort Mackinac
The Capture of Fort Mackinac was one of the first engagements of the War of 1812. A British and Native American force captured the island soon after the outbreak of war between Britain and the United States. Encouraged by the easy British victory, more Native Americans rallied to their support. Their cooperation was an important factor in several British victories during the remainder of the war.
1812년 8월
Siege of Detroit
The siege of Detroit, also known as the surrender of Detroit or the Battle of Fort Detroit, was an early engagement in the War of 1812. A British force under Major General Isaac Brock in cooperation with Indigenous warriors under Shawnee leader Tecumseh used bluff and deception to intimidate American Brigadier General William Hull into surrendering the fort and town of Detroit, the Michigan Territory, and his army which actually outnumbered the victorious British and Indigenous warriors.
1812년 8월
Battle of Fort Dearborn
The Battle of Fort Dearborn was an engagement between United States troops, militia and Miami native auxiliaries, against Potawatomi Native Americans that took place on August 15, 1812, near Fort Dearborn, then part of Illinois Territory in the Chicago area. The battle, part of the War of 1812, followed the evacuation of the fort ordered by the commander of the United States Army of the Northwest, William Hull. The battle lasted about 15 minutes and resulted in a complete victory for the Potawatomi. After the battle, Fort Dearborn was burned down. Some of the soldiers and settlers who had been taken captive were later ransomed.
1812년 8월
Battle of Brownstown
The Battle of Brownstown was an early skirmish in the War of 1812. Although the United States military outnumbered the forces of Tecumseh's Confederacy 8 to 1, they lost the engagement and suffered substantial losses while Tecumseh's forces were almost completely untouched.
1812년 8월
Battle of Maguaga
The Battle of Maguaga was a small battle between British troops, Canadian militia and Tecumseh's natives and a larger force of American troops near the Wyandot village of Maguaga in what is now the city of Riverview, Michigan.
1812년 9월
해리슨 요새 포위전
1812년 9월 테쿰세 동맹에 속한 원주민 전사 수백 명이 인디애나 준주 와배시강 가의 해리슨 요새를 공격했다. 병자가 많아 싸울 수 있는 병사가 얼마 되지 않던 재커리 테일러 대위의 수비대는 방어 시설에 붙은 불을 끄며 버텼고, 구원군이 올 때까지 요새를 지켰다. 이 전쟁에서 미국이 육상에서 거둔 첫 승리로 꼽힌다.
1812년 9월
Siege of Fort Wayne
The siege of Fort Wayne took place from September 5–12, 1812, during the War of 1812. The stand-off occurred in the modern city of Fort Wayne, Indiana, between the U.S. military garrison at Fort Wayne and a combined force of Potawatomi and Miami forces. The conflict began when warriors under the Potawatomi chiefs Winamac and Five Medals killed two members of the U.S. garrison. Over the next several days, the Potawatomi burned the buildings and crops of the fort's adjacent village and launched assaults from outside the fort. Winamac withdrew on September 12 ahead of reinforcements led by Major General William Henry Harrison.
1812년 10월
퀸스턴 하이츠 전투
퀸스턴 하이츠 전투(Battle of Queenston Heights)은 미영 전쟁 초기인 1812년 10월 13일에 현재의 온타리오 퀸스턴 근처에서 영국군과 미군과의 사이에 벌어진 전투이다. 영국군은 아이작 브록 소장과 로저 쉐프가 이끈 정규군과 캐나다 민병대, 모호크 족이었고, 미군은 스티븐 밴 렌셀러 소장이 이끈 뉴욕주 민병대를 주체로 한 군대였다. 미군이 겨울에 접어들기 전에 나이아가라 강을 넘어 캐나다 측에 근거지를 만들면서 시작된 이 전투는 미영 전쟁이 시점에서 가장 큰 전투가 되었다. 이 결전은 너무 서투르게 작전 계획을 짠 결과 수적 열세의 영국군을 이끌어 성과를 거둬 온 브록 장군이 전사한 이후 전쟁의 경과에 심각한 영향을 남겼다.
1812년 11월
Battle of Frenchman's Creek
The Battle of Frenchman's Creek took place during the War of 1812 between Great Britain and the United States in the early hours of November 28, 1812, in the Crown Colony of Upper Canada, near the Niagara River. The action was part of Brigadier General Alexander Smyth's attempt to renew the American offensive on the Niagara Frontier after the defeat at the Battle of Queenston Heights.
1812년 11월
Battle of Lacolle Mills (1812)
The Battle of Lacolle Mills was fought on November 20, 1812, during the War of 1812. In this relatively light skirmish, a very small garrison of Canadian militia, with the assistance of Kahnawake Mohawk warriors, defended the Lacolle Mills Blockhouse on the Montreal road bridge over the Lacolle River at the village of Lacolle, Quebec against a disorganized American attack.
1813년 1월
Battle of Frenchtown
The Battle of Frenchtown, also known as the Battle of the River Raisin and the River Raisin Massacre, refers to two consecutive engagements during the War of 1812. Fighting between American forces commanded by Brigadier General James Winchester and British and allied forces under Colonel Henry Procter took place on January 18 and 22, 1813, at Frenchtown, Michigan Territory on the River Raisin roughly 35 miles (56 km) southwest of Detroit.
1813년 2월
Battle of Ogdensburg
The Battle of Ogdensburg was a battle of the War of 1812. The British gained a victory over the Americans and captured the village of Ogdensburg, New York. Although small in scale, it removed the American threat to British supply lines for the remainder of the war.
1813년 4월
Battle of York
The Battle of York was a War of 1812 battle fought in York, Upper Canada on April 27, 1813. An American force, supported by a naval flotilla, landed on the western lakeshore and captured the provincial capital after defeating an outnumbered force of regulars, militia and Ojibwe natives under the command of Major General Roger Hale Sheaffe, the Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada.
1813년 4월 – 1813년 5월
Siege of Fort Meigs
The siege of Fort Meigs was a significant War of 1812 military engagement in northwestern Ohio during the spring of 1813. British regulars and militia led by Brigadier General Henry Procter, supported by Indigenous forces led by Tecumseh, attempted to capture the recently constructed fort in order to forestall Major General William Henry Harrison's campaign to retake Detroit and invade Upper Canada. An American attempt to relieve the fort on May 5 resulted in heavy casualties, however, Procter was unable to breech Harrison's defences and withdrew after a 11-day siege.
1813년 5월
Battle of Fort George
The Battle of Fort George was fought during the War of 1812, in which the Americans defeated a British force and captured Fort George in Upper Canada. The troops of the United States Army and vessels of the United States Navy cooperated in a very successful amphibious assault, although most of the opposing British force escaped encirclement.
1813년 5월
Second Battle of Sacket's Harbor
The Second Battle of Sacket's Harbor, or simply the Battle of Sacket's Harbor, took place on 29 May 1813, during the War of 1812. A British force was transported across Lake Ontario and attempted to capture the town, which was the principal dockyard and base for the American naval squadron on the lake. Twelve warships were built here. The British were repulsed by American regulars, militia, marines and sailors, although the attack resulted in the destruction of naval stores and self-inflicted damage to American warships.
1813년 6월
Battle of Beaver Dams
The Battle of Beaver Dams took place on 24 June 1813, during the War of 1812. A column of troops from the United States Army marched from Fort George and attempted to surprise a British outpost at Beaver Dams, billeting themselves overnight in the village of Queenston, Ontario. Laura Secord, a resident of Queenston, had earlier learned of the American plans from several Americans billeted at her house and had struck out on a long and difficult trek to warn the British at Decou's stone house near present-day Brock University. When the Americans resumed their march, they were ambushed by Kahnawake and other native warriors and eventually surrendered to a small British detachment led by Lieutenant James FitzGibbon. About 500 U.S. troops, including their wounded commander, were taken prisoner.
1813년 6월
Battle of Stoney Creek
The Battle of Stoney Creek was fought on 6 June 1813, during the War of 1812 near what is now Stoney Creek, Ontario, Canada. British units made a night attack on the American encampment, and due in large part to the capture of the two senior officers of the American force and an overestimation of British strength by the Americans, the outcome of the battle was a victory for the British, and a turning point in the defence of Upper Canada.
1813년 6월
Capture of USS Chesapeake
The capture of USS Chesapeake, also known as the Battle of Boston Harbor, was fought on 1 June 1813, between the Royal Navy frigate HMS Shannon and the United States Navy frigate USS Chesapeake, as part of the War of 1812 between the United States and the United Kingdom. HMS Shannon, commanded by Captain Philip Broke, captured USS Chesapeake, commanded by Captain James Lawrence, in one of the Royal Navy's clearest single-ship victories of the war. The action lasted only about ten to fifteen minutes, but ended with Chesapeake disabled, boarded, captured, and taken into British service.
1813년 6월
Battle of Craney Island
The Battle of Craney Island was fought on June 22, 1813 during the War of 1812. British forces under George Cockburn and John Borlase Warren attempted an amphibious landing on Craney Island, Virginia but were repulsed by defending American troops under Robert B. Taylor. The battle prevented Norfolk and Portsmouth, two major hubs of American commerce, from coming under British attack.
1813년 7월
Battle of Burnt Corn
The Battle of Burnt Corn, also known as the Battle of Burnt Corn Creek, was fought on July 27, 1813, in what is now Escambia County, Alabama, United States. The battle was the first conflict of the Creek War to be fought between American forces and a faction of the Muscogee known as the Red Sticks. The Creek War began as an intratribal conflict between two factions of Muscogee, one that supported a centralized tribal government and cooperation with the United States government and the other that opposed the encroachment of American settlers and championed a return to the traditional Muscogee lifestyle. A group of Red Sticks traveled to Pensacola to obtain weapons and supplies from the Spanish to further their fight.
1813년 8월
Fort Mims massacre
The Fort Mims massacre occurred on August 30, 1813, at a fortified homestead site 35–40 miles north of Mobile, Alabama, during the Creek War. A large force of Creek Indians belonging to the Red Sticks faction, under the command of Peter McQueen and William Weatherford, stormed the fort and defeated the militia garrison.
1813년 8월
Battle of St. Michaels
The First Battle of St. Michaels was an engagement contested on August 10, 1813, during the War of 1812. British soldiers attacked Maryland militia at St. Michaels, which is located on Eastern Shore of Maryland with access to the Chesapeake Bay. At the time, this small town was on the main shipping route to important cities such as Baltimore and Washington, D.C.
1813년 8월
Battle of Fort Stephenson
The Battle of Fort Stephenson was a decisive American victory in Ohio during the War of 1812. American forces led by Major George Croghan successfully defended the fort during a two-day siege by British and Indigenous forces in August 1813.
1813년 9월
이리호 전투
이리호 전투(Battle of Lake Erie) 또는 풋인베이 전투(Battle of Put-in-Bay)는 미영 전쟁 중인 1813년 9월 10일, 이리호의 오하이오주 어귀인 만 근처에서 싸운 수상전이다. 미국 해군 함정 9척이 영국 해군의 함정 6척을 격파하고 붙잡았다. 따라서 미영 전쟁의 나머지 기간 동안 이리호에 제수권을 확보하는 한편 디트로이트 요새의 지배권을 회복하고 테임즈 전투에도 승리하여 테쿰세의 인디언 동맹을 소멸시켰다.
1813년 10월
테임즈 전투
테임즈 전투(또는 모라비안타운 전투로 알려짐)는 대영제국을 상대로 1812년 전쟁에서 미군이 결정적인 승리를 거둔 전투였다. 1813년 10월 5일 오늘 날의 어퍼캐나다 온타리오주 채트햄 근처에서 발발했다. 이 전투로 쇼니 족 지도자 테쿰세가 전사했고, 그가 이끌던 인디언 연맹의 붕괴를 가져왔다.
1813년 10월
Battle of the Chateauguay
The Battle of the Chateauguay was an engagement of the War of 1812. On 26 October 1813, a Canadian and Native force consisting of 1,530 militia and Mohawk warriors from Lower Canada, commanded by Charles de Salaberry, repelled an American force of about 2,600 regulars which was attempting to invade Lower Canada and ultimately attack Montreal. The battle was one of the two battles which caused the Americans to abandon the Saint Lawrence campaign, their major strategic effort in the autumn of 1813.
1813년 11월
Battle of Crysler's Farm
The Battle of Crysler's Farm, also known as the Battle of Crysler's Field, or the Battle of Williamsburg, was fought on 11 November 1813, during the War of 1812, in the British province of Upper Canada. A British and Upper Canadian force defeated a much larger American invasion force, prompting the US to abandon the Saint Lawrence campaign, its plan to capture Montreal in the autumn of 1813.
1813년 11월
Battle of Talladega
The Battle of Talladega was fought between the Tennessee Militia and the Red Stick Creek Native Americans during the Creek War, in the vicinity of the present-day county and city of Talladega, Alabama, in the United States.
1813년 11월
Battle of Tallushatchee
The Battle of Tallushatchee was fought on November 3, 1813, in northeastern Mississippi Territory during the Creek War. United States dragoons, commanded by Brigadier General John Coffee, defeated the Red Sticks.
1813년 11월
Battle of Autossee
The Battle of Autossee took place on November 29, 1813, during the Creek War, at the Creek towns of Autossee and Tallassee near present-day Shorter, Alabama. General John Floyd, with 900 to 950 militiamen and 450 allied Creek, attacked and burned down both villages, killing 200 Red Sticks in the process.
1814년 1월
Battle of Calebee Creek
The Battle of Calebee Creek took place on January 27, 1814, during the Creek War, in Macon County, Alabama, 50 miles (80 km) west of Fort Mitchell. General Floyd, with 1,200 Georgia volunteers, a company of cavalry and 400 friendly Yuchi, repulsed a night attack of the Red Sticks on his camp. Floyd lost so many in this hostile country that he immediately withdrew to the Chattahoochee River. Also referred to as the Battle for Camp Defiance.
1814년 3월
호스슈벤드 전투
호스슈벤드 전투(The Battle of Horseshoe Bend, 토호페카, 콜로코 리타빅스비 또는 호스슈 전투로 알려져 있음)는 1812년 전쟁 중 앨라배마 중부에서 벌어진 전투이다. 1814년 3월 27일, 앤드루 잭슨 이 이끄는 미합중국군과 인디언 연합은 미국의 팽창을 반대하는 크리크 족 지파인 레드스틱스 족들을 물리쳐서 사실상 크리크 전쟁을 종식시켰다.
1814년 3월
Battle of Lacolle Mills (1814)
The Battle of Lacolle Mills was fought on 30 March 1814 during the War of 1812. The small garrison of a British outpost position, aided by Canadian reinforcements, fought off a large American attack.
1814년 5월
Battle of Fort Oswego (1814)
The Battle of Fort Oswego was a partially successful British raid on Fort Ontario and the village of Oswego, New York on 6 May 1814 during the War of 1812.
1814년 7월
Battle of Chippawa
The Battle of Chippawa was a War of 1812 battle fought on July 5, 1814, in which the United States Army defeated British forces during the American invasion of Upper Canada along the Niagara River. This battle and the subsequent Battle of Lundy's Lane demonstrated that trained American troops could hold their own against British regulars. The battlefield is preserved as a National Historic Site of Canada.
1814년 7월
런디스 레인 전투
런디스 레인 전투(Battle of Lundy's Lane 또는 나이아가라 폭포 전투로도 알려져 있다.)는 1814년 7월 25일에 벌어진 1812년 전쟁(미영전쟁)에서 벌어진 전투로 오늘 날 온타리오주 나이아가라 폭포가 전장터였다. 이 전투는 미영전쟁 중에서도 가장 많이 피를 흘렸던 전투이며, 캐나다 땅에서 벌어진 가장 치열한 전투 중 하나였다.
1814년 7월 – 1814년 8월
Battle of Mackinac Island (1814)
The Battle of Mackinac Island was a British victory in the War of 1812. Before the war, Fort Mackinac had been an important American trading post in the straits between Lake Michigan and Lake Huron. It was important for its influence and control over the Native American tribes in the area, which was sometimes referred to in historical documents as "Michilimackinac".
1814년 8월
워싱턴 방화
워싱턴 방화(The Burning of Washington)는 1814년 미국 워싱턴 D.C.에서 대영제국군과 아일랜드군과 미합중국군 사이에 발발한 1812년 전쟁 중에 일어난 사건이었다. 1814년 8월 24일, 블래던스버그 전투에서 미국군을 물리친 후에, 로버트 로스 장군이 이끄는 영국군은 워싱턴 시를 점령하고, 많은 공공 시설을 불태웠다. 백악관을 포함한 미국 정부의 공공 시설물들이 대규모로 파괴되었다. 영국군 사령관은 단지 공공시설물에 대한 소각을 명령했으며, 엄격한 규율을 지키던 영국군 부대를 시의 사적인 건물을 보존하여 체면은 챙겼다. 이 사건은 미국 독립 전쟁 이후 외국 군대가 수도를 점령한 유일한 사건이었다.
1814년 8월
블래던스버그 전투
블래던스버그 전투(Battle of Bladensburg)는 1812년 전쟁 중에 발생한 전투이다. 미국군의 패배로, 대영제국군과 아일랜드군이 수도 워싱턴 D.C.를 함락하고 공공 건물을 불태웠다. 이 사건은 미군 최대의 치욕이라고 불리고 있다.
1814년 8월 – 1814년 9월
Siege of Fort Erie
The siege of Fort Erie, also known as the Battle of Erie, from 4 August to 21 September 1814, was one of the last engagements of the War of 1812, between British and American forces. It took place during the Niagara campaign, and the Americans successfully defended Fort Erie against a British army under Gordon Drummond. During the siege, Drummond's troops suffered high casualties in a failed storming attempt; they also suffered casualties from sickness and exposure in their rough encampments. Unaware that the British were about to abandon the siege, the American garrison launched a sortie to destroy the British siege batteries, during which both sides again suffered high losses.
1814년 9월
볼티모어 전투
볼티모어 전투(Battle of Baltimore)은 미영 전쟁 중인 1814년 9월 12일부터 9월 15일까지 미국 메릴랜드주 볼티모어에서 영국군 육해군 합동군과 미합중국군 사이 벌어진 전투이다. 미합중국군은 영국군의 맹공을 잘 견뎌내며, 철수시켰으며 미영 전쟁을 끝내게 하는 전환점이 되었다. 이 싸움은 특히 영국 해군의 함포 사격을 25시간 견뎌낸 맥헨리 요새의 수비대와 폐허 속에서 요새에 휘날리는 성조기를 보고 감동한 프랜시스 스콧 키가 지은 시 ‘별이 빛나는 깃발’(The Star-Spangled Banner, 星條旗)로 유명해졌다.
1814년 9월
플래츠버그 전투
플래츠버그 전투(Battle of Plattsburgh) 또는 섐플레인호 전투(Battle of Lake Champlain)는 미영 전쟁이 끝날 무렵 1814년 9월 6일에서 9월 11일에 걸쳐, 미국 뉴욕주 북부에서 미합중국군과 영국군 사이에서 싸운 전투이다. 북부에서 뉴욕으로 침공하려고 한 영국군을 미합중국군이 방어해 냈으며, 결국 당시 협의가 진행되고 있던 휴전 조약에서 유리한 조건을 선점하려는 의도를 가졌던 영국의 시도가 무산되었다.
1814년 9월
Battle of North Point
The Battle of North Point was fought on September 12, 1814, between General John Stricker's Maryland Militia and a British force led by Major-general Robert Ross. Although the Americans were driven from the field, they were able to do so in good order having inflicted significant casualties on the British, killing Ross and demoralizing the troops under his command. Some of Ross's units became lost among woods and swampy creeks during the battle, with others in similar states of confusion.
1814년 10월
Battle of Cook's Mills
The Battle of Cook's Mills was the last engagement between U.S. and British armies in the Niagara, and the penultimate engagement on Canadian soil during the War of 1812. After a battle lasting less than an hour, American forces out-maneuvered the British column, and later destroyed all grain found in the mill.
1814년 12월
Battle of Lake Borgne
The Battle of Lake Borgne was a coastal engagement between the Royal Navy and the United States Navy in the American South theatre of the War of 1812. It occurred on December 14, 1814 on Lake Borgne. The British victory allowed them to disembark their troops unhindered nine days later and to launch an offensive upon New Orleans on land.
1815년 1월
뉴올리언스 전투
뉴올리언스 전투(Battle of New Orleans)는 《헨트 조약》이 조인된 지 약 2주 후인 1815년 1월 8일 발발하여 1815년 1월 26일 종식된 전투로써 1812년 전쟁의 전투 중 하나이다. 이 전투는 1815년 1월 8일 신생국인 미국과 전 세계를 주름잡던 영국 간의 분쟁이 끝나가던 시점에 발생하였다. 얄궂게도 이 전투 전에 이미 전쟁 종식을 위한 협상이 이루어져 《헨트 조약》이 체결되었다. 하지만 이 소식은 미국 남부에서 교전 중인 미국과 영국의 군대에게 미처 전달되지 않았다. 뉴올리언스 지역에 주둔하고 있던 앤드루 잭슨 장군 휘하의 미국 군대는 당시 전 세계를 주름잡던 영국 군대를 격퇴하였다. 이 전투에서 영국군은 사상자와 포로를 합쳐 총 2,000명 이상의 병력 손실을 입었다. 뉴올리언스는 영국 해군이 미국의 남부 해역을 장악하는 데 거점이 되는 항구 도시였으나, 이 전투의 승리로 협정은 미국에게 유리한 조건으로 발효되었다.
1815년 1월
Bombardment of Fort St. Philip (1815)
The bombardment of Fort St. Philip was a ten day long distance bombardment of exploding bomb shells - by two Royal Navy bomb vessels, mounting a total of four mortars - against the American garrison of Fort St. Philip. The fort was unable to retaliate at the start, as the bomb vessels were out of the range of its solid shot cannon, and its mortar did not have ammunition. This was remedied by supply boats, whereby the fort counter-attacked the bomb vessels with its mortar on January 17, and the British duly withdrew. This riverine engagement took place during the concluding hostilities of the War of 1812.
이 땅의 앞뒤 사건
- 약 1050년미시시피 문화의 도시 카호키아 번영
- 1803년루이지애나 매입
- 1812년 6월 – 1815년 2월미영 전쟁이 페이지
- 1861년 – 1865년남북 전쟁
- 1969년아폴로 11호 달 착륙
이 땅을 다스린 나라
역사 국경 데이터(Cliopatria)에서 이곳이 속한 나라입니다. 연도는 데이터 간격(몇 년~100년)만큼 대략적입니다. 누르면 그해 지도로 갑니다.