南北战争
- 时期
- 1861年4月 – 1865年5月
- 阵营
- 美利坚联盟国 vs 联邦
- 战役
- 129
美国内战，中文通称南北战争，是美国自1861年至1865年发生的内战，交战双方为北方的联邦阵营 以及南方的邦联阵营。战争爆发的起因为蓄奴州及自由州之间的政治对立，随著维持蓄奴的南方各州脱离联邦自立为美利坚联盟国，进而演变为全面内战，最终以北方联邦阵营的获胜与美国奴隶制度的废除落幕。
来源: 维基百科 — 南北战争 · CC BY-SA 4.0
战役 129
1861年4月
桑特堡戰役
桑特堡之战 是南北战争中于1861年4月12日至13日发生在南卡罗来纳州（防卫查尔斯顿港）的萨姆特堡的一场会战，双方都无伤亡，但正因为此役才令新任总统林肯决定向南方宣战，南北战争因此爆发。
1861年5月 – 1861年6月
阿維亞溪之役
阿维亚溪之战 作为南北战争的一部分，于1861年5月29日至6月1日，发生在维吉尼亚州斯塔福德县的阿维亚溪，是北军开始封锁南方海岸的第二场小战役。北军军官为詹姆斯·沃德，南军则有丹尼尔·拉格尔斯。
1861年6月
大伯特利之役
大伯特利之战 于1861年6月10日发生在维吉尼亚州的汉普顿和塔博，是北军开始封锁南方海岸的第三场小会战，亦是在南北战争中的东部战事的第一场陆战，但其重要性不高。北军军官为巴特勒，南军则有丹尼尔·希尔。
1861年6月
腓立比之役
腓立比之战 是南北战争内部西维吉尼亚战役中的第一场会战，于1861年6月3日发生在西维吉尼亚的腓立比（当时仍属于维吉尼亚），但历史学者认为这只是一场小冲突。北军人数为3000人，南军则有800人。南军受训相当不足，几乎未作抵抗就逃离战场，故北军戏称此次会战为“腓立比赛跑”。
1861年6月
費爾費克斯首府前哨戰
费尔费克斯首府前哨战 是美国内战的第一场前哨战，发生于1861年6月1日。当时的费尔费克斯首府是邦联的防卫前线 ；而于战役之始，此地是邦联军旗的诞生地。
1861年6月
Battle of Boonville
The First Battle of Boonville was a minor skirmish of the American Civil War, occurring on June 17, 1861, near Boonville in Cooper County, Missouri. Although casualties were extremely light, the battle's strategic impact was far greater than one might assume from its limited nature. The Union victory established what would become an unbroken Federal control of the Missouri River, and helped to thwart efforts to bring Missouri into the Confederacy.
1861年7月
第一次牛奔河戰役
第一次牛奔河之战 也称第一次马纳沙斯之战 于1861年7月21日发生在维吉尼亚的马纳沙斯和牛奔河附近，于华盛顿西南偏南约30英里，是南北战争中的第一场重大会战。联盟军（南军）在石墙杰克森卓越的指挥下粉碎了联邦军（北军）剑指里士满的攻势。十三个月后石墙杰克森在同一地点的第二次马纳沙斯之战中再次大败联邦军。
1861年7月
里奇山之役
里奇山之战 于1861年7月11日发生在美国维吉尼亚（今西维吉尼亚）的兰道夫县，是南北战争早期中西维吉尼亚战役的一场会战。
1861年7月
布力般淺灘之役
布力般浅滩之战 于1861年7月18日发生，属南北战争马纳萨斯战役的一部分。联邦军东北弗吉尼亚军团在欧文·麦克道尔准将指挥下向南推进，目标是驻防在马纳萨斯重要铁路枢纽附近、由P·G·T·博雷加德准将率领的波多马克军团。抵达弗吉尼亚州费尔法克斯后，麦克道尔派遣师长丹尼尔·泰勒准将寻找可供横跨牛奔溪的浅滩。联邦军试图在布力般浅滩过河，但在联盟军的猛烈攻击下，泰勒只能下令撤退。
1861年7月
瀑布市之役
瀑布市之战 于1861年7月2日发生在西维吉尼亚，是第一次马纳沙斯之战中的一场小会战。北军军官为帕特松，南军则有石墙杰克森。
1861年8月
威爾遜溪之戰
威尔逊溪之战，又名桦树岭之战，是南北战争期间的一场会战。1861年10月10日，会战在密苏里州斯普林菲尔德附近爆发。最终美利坚联盟国获胜。美利坚联盟国控制了密苏里州西南部。之后美利坚联盟国向北进攻，并引发第一次列星顿之战。
1861年9月
第一次列星頓之戰
第一次列星顿之战于1861年9月13至20日发生在密苏里州的列星顿，是南军为控制密苏里州而发动的一场会战。
1861年9月
Battle of Cheat Mountain
The Battle of Cheat Mountain, also known as the Battle of Cheat Summit Fort, took place from September 12 to 15, 1861, in Pocahontas County and Randolph County, Virginia as part of the Western Virginia Campaign during the American Civil War. It was the first battle of the Civil War in which Robert E. Lee led troops into combat. During the battle, Lee attempted to surround the Union garrison atop Cheat Mountain, but the attack was never launched, due to false information from prisoners and poor communications among the various Confederate commands.
1861年10月
李斯堡之役
李斯堡之战，又名博尔斯布拉夫之战，于1861年10月21日发生在维吉尼亚，是在早期南北战争中麦克莱伦发动的维吉尼亚战事的一场战役，在1861年的维吉尼亚战事中，这李斯堡之战是第二大的会战。北军人数为2,000；南军则有1,600人。
1861年11月
伯蒙特之役
伯蒙特之战是美国内战中，于1861年11月7日发生在密苏里州(Missouri)的密西西比郡，这一场会战让尤里西斯·格兰特一展身手, 使他日后成为北军的司令, 打败李将军。
1862年1月 – 1862年6月
河谷戰役
河谷战役 是于1862年在维吉尼亚的雪伦多亚河谷进行，南军军官为石墙杰克森，在他的率领下，南军彻底打败了北军，粉碎了北军原先要去攻打里奇蒙的计划。
1862年2月
唐納爾遜堡之戰
唐纳尔逊堡之战 是指1862年2月11日至2月16日期间，在美国南北战争西部战线爆发的会战，也是南北战争最重要的会战之一。北方的联邦军队占领在田纳西州和肯塔基州边界附近、坎伯兰河沿岸的南方邦联防御工事——唐纳尔逊堡，得以控制坎伯兰河的道路，并成为入侵美国南方的重要通道。由于联邦军在这次会战中赢得胜利，迫使美利坚邦联放弃田纳西州和肯塔基州的部分地区（包括纳许维尔等地）。原先默默无闻的准将尤利西斯·格兰特也因为领导军队而提升地位。其后格兰特晋升成为少将，并且因而获得“无条件·投降·格兰特”的绰号。
1862年2月
Battle of Fort Henry
The Battle of Fort Henry was fought on February 6, 1862, in Stewart County, Tennessee, during the American Civil War. It was the first important victory for the Union and Brig. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant in the Western Theater.
1862年3月
漢普頓錨地海戰
汉普顿锚地海战 是美国内战的一次海战。从海军发展的观点来看，这次海战是美国南北战争最著名和最为重要的海战，是历史上第一次以钢制成装甲的铁甲舰之间对决，南方邦联的维吉尼亚号铁甲舰和北方联邦的浅水重炮舰莫尼特号于维吉尼亚附近的汉普顿锚地从1862年3月8至9日进行的战斗。北方联邦的封锁切断了弗吉尼亚州最大城市诺福克和里士满的国际贸易。此次海战是南方邦联为打破封锁而努力的一部分。
1862年3月 – 1862年7月
半岛会战
半岛战役 美国南北战争时期一次于1862年3月至7月间由联邦军少将乔治·B·麦克莱伦组织的东线攻势。这是东部战区的第一次大规模攻势，也是一次针对北弗吉尼亚联盟军的水陆共同作战行动，目的是攻占联盟国首都里士满。麦克莱伦最初在同样谨慎的约瑟夫·约翰斯顿将军面前取得了成功。但更具侵略性的罗伯特·E·李将军的出现开始了七日战役，将战事演变成了一场联邦军的耻辱性的失败。
1862年3月
豌豆岭战役
豌豆岭之战（1862年3月7日至8日），也被称为鹿角酒馆之战，是美国内战西部战场上的一场会战，发生于阿肯色州费耶特维尔东北部的李敦附近。由塞缪尔·R·柯蒂斯准将领导的联邦军，从密苏里州中部向南推进，将联盟军逼入了阿肯色西北部。
1862年3月
第一次克恩斯鎮之戰
第一次克恩斯镇之战 是美国内战中，于1862年3月23日发生在维吉尼亚的弗雷德里克县，是河谷战役中的第一场会战。
1862年4月
夏羅之役
夏罗之战，又名为匹兹堡登陆点之战，为美国南北战争其中的一场会战，发生于田纳西州哈丁县，最后由美利坚合众国胜出。双方参战人数达111,511人，伤亡人数总计23,746人。
1862年4月 – 1862年5月
Siege of Corinth
The siege of Corinth, also known as the first battle of Corinth, was an American Civil War engagement lasting from April 29 to May 30, 1862, in Corinth, Mississippi. A collection of Union forces under the overall command of Major General Henry W. Halleck engaged in a month-long siege of the city, whose Confederate occupants were commanded by General P.G.T. Beauregard. The siege resulted in the capture of the town by Federal forces.
1862年4月 – 1862年5月
約克鎮戰役 (1862年)
约克镇围城战 于1862年4月5日至5月4日发生在维吉尼亚的约克县，是南北战争中北军为夺得维吉尼亚半岛而发动的一场战斗，称为半岛战役。
1862年4月 – 1862年5月
Capture of New Orleans
The capture of New Orleans during the American Civil War was a turning point in the war that precipitated the capture of the Mississippi River. Having fought past Forts Jackson and St. Philip, the Union was unopposed in its capture of the city itself.
1862年4月
杰克逊堡和圣菲利普战役
杰克逊堡和圣菲利普之战（1862年4月18日-28日）是南北战争中交战各方为争夺新奥尔良的控制权而爆发的会战。新奥尔良南部密西西比河上的两座美利坚联盟国堡垒遭到美国海军袭击。最终新奥尔良被美国占领。会战过后，英国和法国不再在外交上承认美利坚联盟国。
1862年5月 – 1862年6月
七松之役
七松之战 于1862年5月31日至6月1日爆发于美国维吉尼亚州，为南北战争的半岛战役中的一场战事。
1862年5月
威廉斯堡之戰
威廉斯堡之战 于1862年5月5日发生在维吉尼亚的约克县，威廉斯堡和詹姆斯市县，是南北战争中北军为夺得维吉尼亚半岛而发动的一场会战。
1862年5月
Battle of Drewry's Bluff
The Battle of Drewry's Bluff, also known as the Battle of Fort Darling, or Fort Drewry, took place on May 15, 1862, in Chesterfield County, Virginia, as part of the Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War. Four Union Navy warships, including the ironclads USS Monitor and Galena, and the United States Revenue Cutter Service's ironclad USRC Naugatuck steamed up the James River to test the defenses of Richmond, Virginia, the Confederate capital. They encountered submerged obstacles, and the batteries of Fort Darling at Drewry's Bluff inflicted severe damage on Galena, forcing the ships to turn back.
1862年5月
第一次溫徹斯特之戰
第一次温彻斯特之战 于1862年5月25日发生在维吉尼亚的温彻斯特，是河谷战役中的第四场会战。
1862年5月
麥克道威之戰
麦克道威之战 于1862年5月8至9日发生在维吉尼亚的高地县，是美国南北战争中河谷战役的第二场会战。
1862年5月
Battle of Hanover Court House
The Battle of Hanover Court House, also known as the Battle of Slash Church, took place on May 27, 1862, in Hanover County, Virginia, as part of the Peninsula Campaign of the American Civil War.
1862年5月
Battle of Front Royal
The Battle of Front Royal, also known as Guard Hill or Cedarville, was fought on May 23, 1862, during the American Civil War, as part of Jackson's Valley campaign. Confederate forces commanded by Major General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson were trying to keep Union forces engaged in the Shenandoah Valley to prevent them from joining the Peninsula campaign. After defeating Major General John C. Frémont's force in the Battle of McDowell, Jackson turned against the forces of Major General Nathaniel Banks.
1862年6月
First Battle of Memphis
The First Battle of Memphis was a naval battle fought on the Mississippi River immediately north of the city of Memphis, Tennessee on June 6, 1862, during the American Civil War. The engagement was witnessed by many of the citizens of Memphis. It resulted in a crushing defeat for the Confederate forces, and marked the virtual eradication of a Confederate naval presence on the river. Despite the lopsided outcome, the Union Army failed to grasp its strategic significance. Its primary historical importance is that it was the last time civilians with no prior military experience were permitted to command ships in combat. As such, it is a milestone in the development of professionalism in the United States Navy.
1862年6月
Battle of Gaines' Mill
The Battle of Gaines' Mill, also known as the Battle of Chickahominy River, took place on June 27, 1862, in Hanover County, Virginia, as the third of the Seven Days Battles which together decided the outcome of the Union's Peninsula campaign of the American Civil War. Following the inconclusive Battle of Beaver Dam Creek (Mechanicsville) the previous day, Confederate General Robert E. Lee renewed his attacks against the right flank of the Union army, relatively isolated on the northern side of the Chickahominy River. There, Brig. Gen. Fitz John Porter's V Corps had established a strong defensive line behind Boatswain's Swamp. Lee's force was destined to launch the largest Confederate attack of the war, about 57,000 men in six divisions. Porter's reinforced V Corps held fast for the afternoon as the Confederates attacked in a disjointed manner, first with the division of Maj. Gen. A.P. Hill, then Maj. Gen. Richard S. Ewell, suffering heavy casualties. The arrival of Maj. Gen. Stonewall Jackson's command was delayed, preventing the full concentration of Confederate force before Porter received some reinforcements from the VI Corps.
1862年6月
Battle of Glendale
The Battle of Glendale, also known as the Battle of Frayser's Farm, Frazier's Farm, Nelson's Farm, Charles City Crossroads, New Market Road, or Riddell's Shop, took place on June 30, 1862, in Henrico County, Virginia, on the sixth day of the Seven Days Battles of the American Civil War.
1862年6月
共和港之戰
共和港之战 于1862年6月9日发生在维吉尼亚的罗京安县，是河谷战役中的第六场会战。
1862年6月
Battle of White Oak Swamp
The Battle of White Oak Swamp took place on June 30, 1862, in Henrico County, Virginia, as part of the Seven Days Battles of the American Civil War. As the Union Army of the Potomac retreated southeast toward the James River, its rearguard under Maj. Gen. William B. Franklin stopped Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's divisions at the White Oak Bridge crossing, resulting in an artillery duel, while the main Battle of Glendale raged two miles (3 km) farther south around Frayser's Farm. White Oak Swamp is generally considered to be part of the larger Glendale engagement. Because of this resistance from Brig. Gen. William B. Franklin's VI Corps, Jackson was prevented from joining the consolidated assault on the Union Army at Glendale that had been ordered by General Robert E. Lee, producing an inconclusive result, but one in which the Union Army avoided destruction and was able to assume a strong defensive position at Malvern Hill.
1862年6月
Battle of Beaver Dam Creek
The Battle of Beaver Dam Creek, also known as the Battle of Mechanicsville or Ellerson's Mill, took place on June 26, 1862, in Hanover County, Virginia. It was the first major engagement of the Seven Days Battles during the Peninsula campaign of the American Civil War and the start of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's counter-offensive against the Union Army of the Potomac, under Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, which threatened the Confederate capital of Richmond.
1862年7月
Battle of Malvern Hill
The Battle of Malvern Hill, also known as the Battle of Poindexter's Farm, was fought on July 1, 1862, between the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, led by Gen. Robert E. Lee, and the Union Army of the Potomac under Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan. It was the final battle of the Seven Days Battles during the American Civil War, taking place on a 130-foot (40 m) elevation of land known as Malvern Hill, near the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia and just one mile (1.6 km) from the James River. Including inactive reserves, more than fifty thousand soldiers from each side took part, using more than two hundred pieces of artillery and three warships.
1862年8月
第二次牛奔河戰役
第二次牛奔河之战 又名第二次马纳沙斯之战，爆发于1862年8月29日及30日，是美国内战中的一场会战。
1862年8月
Battle of Cedar Mountain
The Battle of Cedar Mountain, also known as Slaughter's Mountain or Cedar Run, took place on August 9, 1862, in Culpeper County, Virginia, as part of the American Civil War. Union forces under Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks attacked Confederate forces under Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson near Cedar Mountain as the Confederates marched on Culpeper Court House to forestall a Union advance into central Virginia. After nearly being driven from the field in the early part of the battle, a Confederate counterattack broke the Union lines resulting in a Confederate victory. The battle was the first combat of the Northern Virginia campaign.
1862年8月
Battle of Richmond
The Battle of Richmond, Kentucky, fought August 29–30, 1862, was one of the most complete Confederate victories in the American Civil War by Major General Edmund Kirby Smith against Union major general William "Bull" Nelson's forces, which were defending the town. It was the first major battle in the Kentucky Campaign. The battle took place on and around what is now the grounds of the Blue Grass Army Depot, outside Richmond, Kentucky.
1862年8月 – 1862年10月
Confederate Heartland Offensive
The Confederate Heartland Offensive, also known as the Kentucky Campaign, was an American Civil War campaign conducted by the Confederate States Army in Tennessee and Kentucky where Generals Braxton Bragg and Edmund Kirby Smith tried to draw neutral Kentucky into the Confederacy by outflanking Union troops under Major General Don Carlos Buell. Though they scored some successes, notably a tactical win at Perryville, they soon retreated, leaving Kentucky primarily under Union control for the rest of the war.
1862年9月
安提塔姆之戰
安提塔姆之战，又名夏普斯堡之战，是美国南北战争期间马里兰战役的重要会战，发生于1862年9月17日的华盛顿郡，交战双方分别是乔治·麦克莱伦指挥的波多马克军团和罗伯特·李指挥的北维吉尼亚军团。这场会战中两军合计损失超过22,000人，是美国史上最血腥的“一日会战”。联邦军虽损失高于邦联军，但取得战略胜利，是南北战争的重要转捩点。
1862年9月
北維吉尼亞會戰
北维吉尼亚战役发生于1862年8月至9月，罗伯特·李在半岛战役中的七天战役得到一定的成果后，决心击败侵入维吉尼亚北部的约翰·波普。
1862年9月
南山之役
南山之战 于1862年9月14日发生在华盛顿县和弗雷德里克县，是马里兰战役中的第一场会战。
1862年9月
尚蒂利战役
尚蒂利之战 于1862年9月1日爆发于美国维吉尼亚州牛山 一带，为南北战争北维吉尼亚战役中的一场战事。
1862年9月
Battle of Harpers Ferry
The Battle of Harpers Ferry was fought September 12–15, 1862, as part of the Maryland Campaign of the American Civil War. As Confederate Army General Robert E. Lee's Confederate army invaded Maryland, a portion of his army under Major General Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson surrounded, bombarded, and captured the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry, Virginia.
1862年9月
雪柏鎮戰役
雪柏镇之战 是1862年9月19日～20日发生在西维吉尼亚州杰佛逊郡的会战，马里兰战役以此战告终。安提顿之战之后，北军试图追击撤回维吉尼亚州的南军，但是，因南军获得胜利，北军放弃追击，在马里兰州采取守势。
1862年9月
Battle of Iuka
The Battle of Iuka was fought on September 19, 1862, in Iuka, Mississippi, during the American Civil War. In the opening battle of the Iuka-Corinth Campaign, Union Brigadier General William S. Rosecrans stopped the advance of the Confederate Army of the West commanded by Maj. Gen. Sterling Price.
1862年10月
佩里维尔战役
佩里维尔之战又称卓别林山之战，是1862年10月8日在美国（联邦）边境州肯塔基州佩里维尔以西的卓别林山爆发的一场会战，是南北战争的一部分。此次会战是南北战争中最血腥的战斗之一，也是南北战争期间肯塔基州境内爆发的最大规模的战斗。 邦联军在这次战斗中进攻受挫，并最终撤退至田纳西州。
1862年10月
Second Battle of Corinth
The Second Battle of Corinth was fought October 3–4, 1862, in Corinth, Mississippi. For the second time in the Iuka–Corinth Campaign, Union Major General William S. Rosecrans defeated a Confederate army, this time one under Maj. Gen. Earl Van Dorn.
1862年12月
弗雷德里克堡之戰
弗雷德里克堡之战为美国南北战争中期（1862年末）的一场重要会战，场面浩大，参与将士达十八万人，为期5日（12月11日至12月15日）。此会战中，联邦的波多马克军团承受了惨重的伤亡，而邦联的北维吉尼亚军团则以打败敌军换取圣诞节的平安。
1862年12月 – 1863年7月
維克斯堡戰役
维克斯堡战役 是美国内战西部战区一场重要的战役。战役发生在密西西比河中下游地区，以美利坚联盟国密西西比州的维克斯堡为核心展开了一系列战斗的总和。双方的总指挥为美利坚合众国陆军田纳西军团总司令，少将尤利西斯·辛普森·格兰特和美利坚联盟国中将约翰·克里福德·彭博顿。
1862年12月 – 1863年1月
Battle of Stones River
The Battle of Stones River, also known as the Second Battle of Murfreesboro, was fought from December 31, 1862, to January 2, 1863, in Middle Tennessee, as the culmination of the Stones River Campaign in the Western Theater of the American Civil War. Of the major battles of the war, Stones River had the highest percentage of casualties on both sides. The battle ended in Union victory after the Confederate army's withdrawal on January 3, largely due to a series of tactical miscalculations by Confederate Gen. Braxton Bragg, but the victory was costly for the Union army. Nevertheless, it was an important victory for the Union because it provided a much-needed boost in morale after the Union's recent defeat at Fredericksburg and also reinforced President Abraham Lincoln's foundation for issuing the Emancipation Proclamation, which ultimately discouraged European powers from intervening on the Confederacy's behalf.
1862年12月
Battle of Chickasaw Bayou
The Battle of Chickasaw Bayou, also called the Battle of Walnut Hills, fought December 26–29, 1862, was the opening engagement of the Vicksburg Campaign during the American Civil War. Confederate forces under Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton repulsed an advance by Union Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman that was intended to lead to the capture of Vicksburg, Mississippi.
1862年12月
Battle of Prairie Grove
The Battle of Prairie Grove was a battle of the American Civil War fought on December 7, 1862. While tactically indecisive, the battle secured the Union control of northwestern Arkansas.
1863年1月
阿肯色站之戰
阿肯色站之战，或称辛德曼堡之战，发生在1863年1月9日-11日，靠近阿肯色波斯特的阿肯色河口上，是美国内战中攻克维克斯堡战役的一部分。
1863年1月
Battle of Galveston
The Battle of Galveston was a naval and land battle of the American Civil War, when Confederate forces under Major Gen. John B. Magruder expelled occupying Union troops from the city of Galveston, Texas on January 1, 1863.
1863年4月 – 1863年5月
錢斯勒斯維爾之戰
钱斯勒斯维尔之战 是美国南北战争期间的主要会战，发生于1863年4月30日至5月6日的维吉尼亚斯波特夕法尼亚县，交战双方分别是约瑟夫·胡克指挥的波多马克军团和罗伯特·李指挥的北维吉尼亚军团。李在敌军兵力远超己方的情况下，将邦联军一分为二，赢得重大胜利，但其重要副将石墙杰克森亦在此战遭友军误伤致死。
1863年5月 – 1863年7月
維克斯堡攻城戰
维克斯堡攻城战 是美国内战中密西西比战场维克斯堡战役的最后一战也是最大的一场战斗。美利坚合众国田纳西军团在少将尤利西斯·辛普森·格兰特指挥下，击败了美利坚邦联国陆军中将约翰·克里福德·彭博顿指挥的密西西比军团，完全包围了维克斯堡。彭博顿最后率领残部于1863年7月4日投降，战斗结果以联邦军全面胜利而告终。
1863年5月
Battle of Champion Hill
The Battle of Champion Hill, also known as the Battle of Champion's Hill and the Battle of Baker's Creek, of May 16, 1863, was the pivotal battle in the Vicksburg campaign of the American Civil War (1861–1865). Union Army commander Major General Ulysses S. Grant and the Army of the Tennessee pursued the retreating Confederate States Army under Lieutenant General John C. Pemberton and defeated it twenty miles to the east of Vicksburg, Mississippi, leading inevitably to the Siege of Vicksburg and surrender.
1863年5月
大黑河橋之戰
大黑河桥之战 于1863年5月17日发生，属南北战争维克斯堡战役的一部分。5月16日，在尤利西斯·格兰特少将指挥下，联邦军在冠军山之战中击败由约翰·C·彭伯顿中将率领的联盟军。彭伯顿随后在大黑河渡口布防，并挑选了约翰·S·鲍文和约翰·C·沃恩两位准将的部队作殿后，来为军队争取更多撤退时间。约翰·亚历山大·麦克勒南少将指挥的联邦军追击联盟军，并遇到了鲍文和沃恩的后卫部队。联邦军冲锋陷阵，迅速撕破联盟防御阵地，联盟军在撤退和过河时彻底溃败。
1863年5月 – 1863年7月
Siege of Port Hudson
The siege of Port Hudson was the final engagement in the Union campaign to recapture the Mississippi River in the American Civil War. While Union General Ulysses Grant was besieging Vicksburg upriver, General Nathaniel Banks was ordered to capture the lower Mississippi Confederate stronghold of Port Hudson, Louisiana, then to go to Grant's aid. When his assault failed, Banks settled into a 48-day siege, the longest in US military history up to that point. A second attack also failed, and it was only after the fall of Vicksburg that the Confederate commander, General Franklin Gardner, surrendered the port. The Union gained control of the river and navigation from the Gulf of Mexico through the Deep South and to the river's upper reaches.
1863年5月
Second Battle of Fredericksburg
The Second Battle of Fredericksburg, also known as the Second Battle of Marye's Heights, took place on May 3, 1863, in Fredericksburg, Virginia, as part of the Chancellorsville Campaign of the American Civil War.
1863年5月
Battle of Port Gibson
The Battle of Port Gibson was fought between a Union Army commanded by Major General Ulysses S. Grant and a reinforced Confederate States Army division led by Major General John S. Bowen. Though the outnumbered Confederate soldiers fought stubbornly, they were steadily pressed back during the day by Major General John A. McClernand's troops. Bowen eventually conceded the field by withdrawing north toward Vicksburg, Mississippi. The battle occurred near Port Gibson, Mississippi, during the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War.
1863年5月
Battle of Jackson
The Battle of Jackson was fought on May 14, 1863, outside Jackson, Mississippi, during the Vicksburg campaign of the American Civil War. As part of a campaign to capture the strategic Mississippi River town of Vicksburg, Mississippi, Major General Ulysses S. Grant of the Union Army began moving his force east across the river on April 30, 1863. This beachhead was protected by a victory at the Battle of Port Gibson on May 1. Moving inland, Grant intended to wheel his army north to strike the railroad between Vicksburg and the Mississippi capital of Jackson. On May 12, the Union XVII Corps of Major General James B. McPherson defeated Confederate troops commanded by Brigadier General John Gregg at the Battle of Raymond. This alerted Grant to the presence of a potentially dangerous Confederate force at Jackson, leading him to change his plans and swing towards Jackson with McPherson's corps and Major General William T. Sherman's XV Corps.
1863年6月 – 1863年7月
蓋茨堡戰役
盖茨堡战役 为美国内战期间，在1863年六七月间所发生的一连串战斗之总称。美利坚联盟国的罗伯特·李将军所部北维吉尼亚军团于钱瑟勒斯维尔之战获胜后，北上进攻维吉尼亚、马里兰、以及宾夕法尼亚诸州。联邦军方面，先后由约瑟夫·胡克以及乔治·米德两位少将所领军（以6月28日为界）的波多马克军团蹑李将军之后，败之于盖茨堡之战中，但未能阻其遁回维吉尼亚。
1863年6月
Battle of Brandy Station
The Battle of Brandy Station, also called the Battle of Fleetwood Hill, was the largest predominantly cavalry engagement of the American Civil War, as well as the largest ever to take place on American soil. It was fought on June 9, 1863, around Brandy Station, Virginia, at the beginning of the Gettysburg campaign by the Union cavalry under Maj. Gen. Alfred Pleasonton against Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart's Confederate cavalry.
1863年6月
Second Battle of Winchester
The Second Battle of Winchester was fought between June 13 and June 15, 1863, in Frederick County and Winchester, Virginia as part of the Gettysburg campaign during the American Civil War. As Confederate Lieutenant General Richard S. Ewell moved north through the Shenandoah Valley in the direction of Pennsylvania, his corps defeated the Union Army garrison commanded by Major General Robert H. Milroy, who had already received numerous orders to retreat, that he had ignored. The rebel army stormed the heavily fortified union positions around the city, prompting the unionist army to retreat to a fort overlooking the city. This was abandoned in the evening. The rebel army closely pursued the retreating union army, intercepting its line of retreat and causing heavy casualties and chaos among the retreating baggage train and columns of the Union army. A large number of union soldiers and stores were captured in the ensuing rout, though the union commander escaped, in what became one of the worst defeats the union had suffered in the war, prompting the severe censure of the Union general Milroy.
1863年6月
奧迪之戰
奥迪之战 爆发于1863年6月17日，为美国南北战争盖茨堡战役中的一场骑兵对决。
1863年7月
蓋茨堡之戰
盖茨堡之战 于宾夕法尼亚州盖茨堡及其附近地区爆发，是南北战争中最血腥的一场会战，经常被引以为美国内战的转捩点。此役是由北方联邦军乔治·米德少将所率领之波多马克军团抵挡由南方邦联军的罗伯特·李将军所部北维吉尼亚军团之进攻，获得决定性胜利，终结了李将军第二次、也是最后一次入侵美国北方各州的军事行动。
1863年7月
Second Battle of Fort Wagner
The Second Battle of Fort Wagner, also known as the Second Assault on Morris Island or the Battle of Fort Wagner, Morris Island, was fought on July 18, 1863, during the American Civil War. Union Army troops commanded by Brig. Gen. Quincy Gillmore launched an unsuccessful assault on the Confederate fortress of Fort Wagner, which protected Morris Island, south of Charleston Harbor. The battle occurred one week after the First Battle of Fort Wagner. Although it was a Confederate victory, the valor of the black Union soldiers was widely praised. This had long-term strategic benefits by encouraging more African Americans to enlist, affording the Union a manpower resource that the Confederacy could not match for the remainder of the war.
1863年7月
Battle of Helena
The Battle of Helena was fought on July 4, 1863, near Helena, Arkansas, during the American Civil War. Union troops captured the city in July 1862, and had been using it as a base of operations. Over 7,500 Confederate troops led by Lieutenant General Theophilus Holmes attempted to capture Helena in hopes of relieving some of the pressure on the Confederate army besieged in Vicksburg, Mississippi. Helena was defended by about 4,100 Union troops led by Major General Benjamin Prentiss, manning one fort and four batteries of artillery.
1863年7月
Battle of Honey Springs
The Battle of Honey Springs, also known as the Affair at Elk Creek, on July 17, 1863, was an American Civil War engagement and an important victory for Union forces in their efforts to gain control of the Indian Territory. It was the largest confrontation between Union and Confederate forces in the area that would eventually become Oklahoma. The engagement was also unique in the fact that white soldiers were the minority in both fighting forces. Native Americans made up a significant portion of each of the opposing armies and the Union force contained African-American units.
1863年8月
Lawrence Massacre
The Lawrence Massacre was an attack during the American Civil War (1861–65) by Quantrill's Raiders, a Confederate guerrilla group led by William Quantrill, on the Unionist town of Lawrence, Kansas, killing around 150 men and boys.
1863年8月 – 1863年12月
Knoxville campaign
The Knoxville campaign was a series of American Civil War battles and maneuvers in East Tennessee, United States, during the fall of 1863, designed to secure control of the city of Knoxville and with it the railroad that linked the Confederacy east and west, and position the First Corps under Lt. Gen. James Longstreet for return to the Army of Northern Virginia. Union Army forces under Maj. Gen. Ambrose Burnside occupied Knoxville, Tennessee, and Confederate States Army forces under Longstreet were detached from Gen. Braxton Bragg's Army of Tennessee at Chattanooga to prevent Burnside's reinforcement of the besieged Federal forces there. Ultimately, Longstreet's Siege of Knoxville ended when Union Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman led elements of the Army of the Tennessee and other troops to Burnside's relief after Union troops had broken the Confederate siege of Chattanooga. Although Longstreet was one of Gen. Robert E. Lee's best corps commanders in the East in the Army of Northern Virginia, he was unsuccessful in his attempt to penetrate the Knoxville defenses and take the city.
1863年9月
奇卡莫加战役
奇卡莫加之战是美国南北战争的重要会战之一，发生于1863年9月19日至20日，标志着北部联邦的奇卡莫加进攻行动的结束。这次会战是邦联在西部战区最重要的胜利，伤亡人数在南北战争中居于第二位（34000人），仅次于盖茨堡之战（51000人）。它也是南北战争在在乔治亚州战场最主要的会战。
1863年9月
第二次桑特堡之役
第二次桑特堡之战，于1863年9月8日在萨姆特堡发生。两年前这里的桑特堡之战为南北战争开了序幕，南军当时的新式大炮打败了北军，轻易占领了此堡垒。而今北军企图重占桑特堡，希望可以借机打击在南卡罗莱那州的南军士气。北军花了数十日炮轰桑特堡，又派海军进攻敌人，但南军最终仍保住此堡垒的控制权，获得胜利。
1863年11月
查塔努加戰役
查塔努加战役是1863年9月底至11月底在美利坚联盟国实际控制下的田纳西州爆发的战斗，是南北战争的一部分。 9月，美国联邦军在奇卡莫加之战中失利。之后邦联军占领了查塔努加周围的高地，并围困固守在查塔努加的美国联邦军。之后大量联邦军驰援查塔努加。邦联军被联邦军击溃，并撤退至多尔顿。此次战役意味著田纳西州最后一个重要据点落入联邦手中，并为联邦军进攻美国深南部奠定基础。此次战役过后，随之而来的就是亚特兰大战役。
1863年11月 – 1863年12月
Battle of Mine Run
The Battle of Mine Run, also known as Payne's Farm, or New Hope Church, or the Mine Run campaign, was conducted in Orange County, Virginia, in the American Civil War.
1863年11月
Battle of Missionary Ridge
The Battle of Missionary Ridge, also known as the Battle of Chattanooga, was fought on November 25, 1863, as part of the Chattanooga campaign of the American Civil War. Following the Union victory in the Battle of Lookout Mountain on November 24, Union forces in the Military Division of the Mississippi under Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant assaulted Missionary Ridge and defeated the Confederate Army of Tennessee, commanded by Gen. Braxton Bragg, forcing it to retreat to Georgia.
1864年2月
Battle of Olustee
The Battle of Olustee or Battle of Ocean Pond, was fought in Baker County, Florida, on February 20, 1864, during the American Civil War. It was the largest battle fought in Florida during the war.
1864年3月 – 1864年5月
Red River campaign
The Red River campaign, also known as the Red River expedition, was a major Union offensive campaign in the Trans-Mississippi theater of the American Civil War, the campaign taking place from March 10 to May 22, 1864. It was launched through the densely forested Gulf Coastal Plain region between the Red River Valley and central Arkansas towards the end of the war. The offensive was intended to stop Confederate use of the Louisiana port of Shreveport, open an outlet for the sugar and cotton of northern Louisiana, and to split the Confederate lines, allowing the Union to encircle and destroy the Confederate military forces in Louisiana and southern Arkansas. It marked the last major offensive attempted by the Union in the Trans-Mississippi theater.
1864年4月
枕头堡之战
枕头堡之战又称枕头堡大屠杀，是1864年4月12日在田纳西州密西西比河畔枕头堡爆发的战斗，是南北战争的一部分。当时内森·贝德福德·福雷斯特指挥下的邦联军士兵屠杀试图投降的联邦军士兵（其中许多是非裔美国人）。
1864年4月
Battle of Mansfield
The Battle of Mansfield, also known as the Battle of Sabine Crossroads, on April 8, 1864, in Louisiana formed part of the Red River Campaign during the American Civil War, when Union forces were attempting to occupy the Louisiana state capital, Shreveport.
1864年5月 – 1864年6月
冷港之役
冷港之战 是1864年5月31日至6月12日期间在弗吉尼亚州爆发的一场会战，是南北战争的一部分。当时尤利西斯·格兰特下令联邦军进攻邦联军将领罗伯特·E·李固守的防御阵地，结果造成数以千计的联邦军士兵阵亡或受伤。
1864年5月
莽原之役
莽原之战，爆发于1864年5月5日至7日。
1864年5月
史波特斯凡尼亞郡府戰役
史波特斯凡尼亚郡府之战 又名史波特斯凡尼亚之战，爆发于1864年5月8日至5月21日，是格兰特将军上任东部战场的总司令后发动的陆路战役的第二场会战，参与的兵士达150000人，死伤者约30000人。
1864年5月 – 1864年9月
亚特兰大战役
亚特兰大战役是1864年夏季在南北战争西部战场上发生的一系列战役，发生在乔治亚州西北部和亚特兰大周边地区。联邦军少将威廉·特库姆赛·雪曼从田纳西州查塔努加附近攻入佐治亚州，从1864年5月开始，遭到邦联将军约瑟夫·E·约翰斯顿的抵抗。
1864年5月
Battle of Yellow Tavern
The Battle of Yellow Tavern was fought on May 11, 1864, as part of the Overland Campaign of the American Civil War. Union cavalry under Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan was detached from Grant's Army of the Potomac to conduct a raid on Richmond, Virginia, and challenged Confederate cavalry commander Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart. The Confederates were outnumbered, and Stuart was mortally wounded.
1864年5月
Battle of North Anna
The Battle of North Anna was fought May 23–26, 1864, as part of Union Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's Overland Campaign against Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. It consisted of a series of small actions near the North Anna River in central Virginia rather than a general engagement between the armies. The individual actions are sometimes separately known as: Telegraph Road Bridge and Jericho Mills; Ox Ford, Quarles Mill, and Hanover Junction.
1864年5月
Battle of New Market
The Battle of New Market was fought on May 15, 1864, in Virginia during the Valley Campaigns of 1864 in the American Civil War. A makeshift Confederate army of 4,100 men defeated the larger Army of the Shenandoah under Major General Franz Sigel, delaying the capture of Staunton by several weeks.
1864年5月
Battle of Old Church
The Battle of Old Church, also known as Matadequin Creek, was fought on May 30, 1864, as part of Union Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's Overland Campaign against Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia during the American Civil War.
1864年5月
Battle of Totopotomoy Creek
The Battle of Totopotomoy Creek, also called the Battle of Bethesda Church, Crumps Creek, Shady Grove Road, and Hanovertown, was fought in Hanover County, Virginia on May 28–30, 1864, as part of Union Lt. Gen. Ulysses Grant's Overland Campaign against Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia.
1864年5月
Battle of Cloyd's Mountain
The Battle of Cloyd's Mountain occurred in Pulaski County, Virginia, on May 9, 1864, during the American Civil War. The fight has also been called the Battle of Cloyd's Farm. A Union Army division led by Brigadier General George Crook defeated a Confederate Army consisting of three regiments, one battalion, and Confederate Home Guard. The Confederate force was led by Brigadier General Albert G. Jenkins and Colonel John McCausland. Although the intense fighting portion of this battle may have lasted for only one hour, it was southwestern Virginia's largest fight of the Civil War.
1864年6月 – 1865年3月
彼得斯堡圍城戰
彼得斯堡围城战是1864年6月9日至1865年3月期间联邦军围攻彼得斯堡的战役（堑壕战），也是南北战争中的一场战役。1865年4月，罗伯特·E·李从彼得斯堡撤退。
1864年6月
Battle of Trevilian Station
The Battle of Trevilian Station was fought on June 11–12, 1864, in Union Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's Overland Campaign against Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. Union cavalry under Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan fought against Confederate cavalry under Maj. Gens. Wade Hampton and Fitzhugh Lee in the bloodiest and largest all-cavalry battle of the war.
1864年6月
Battle of Kennesaw Mountain
The Battle of Kennesaw Mountain was fought on June 27, 1864, during the Atlanta campaign of the American Civil War. The most significant frontal assault launched by Union Major General William T. Sherman against the Confederate Army of Tennessee under General Joseph E. Johnston, it produced a tactical defeat for the Union forces but failed to deliver the result that the Confederacy desperately needed: a halt to Sherman's advance on Atlanta, Georgia.
1864年6月
Battle of Piedmont
The Battle of Piedmont was fought June 5, 1864, in the village of Piedmont, Augusta County, Virginia. Union Major General David Hunter engaged Confederates under Brigadier General William E. "Grumble" Jones north of Piedmont. After severe fighting, Jones was killed and the Confederates were routed. Hunter occupied Staunton on June 6 and soon began to advance on Lynchburg, destroying military stores and public property in his wake.
1864年6月
Second Battle of Petersburg
The Second Battle of Petersburg, also known as the assault on Petersburg, was fought June 15–18, 1864, at the beginning of the Richmond–Petersburg Campaign. Union forces under Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant and Major General George G. Meade attempted to capture Petersburg, Virginia, before General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia could reinforce the city.
1864年7月
Battle of Atlanta
The Battle of Atlanta took place during the Atlanta campaign of the American Civil War on July 22, 1864, just southeast of Atlanta, Georgia. Continuing their summer campaign to seize the important rail and supply hub of Atlanta, Union forces commanded by William T. Sherman overwhelmed and defeated Confederate forces defending the city under John B. Hood. Union Major General James B. McPherson was killed during the battle, the second-highest-ranking Union officer killed in action during the war. Despite the implication of finality in its name, the battle occurred midway through the Atlanta campaign, and the city did not fall until September 2, 1864, after a Union siege and various attempts to seize railroads and supply lines leading to Atlanta. After taking the city, Sherman's troops headed south-southeastward toward Milledgeville, the state capital, and on to Savannah with the March to the Sea.
1864年7月
Battle of the Crater
The Battle of the Crater took place during the American Civil War, part of the Siege of Petersburg. It occurred on Saturday, July 30, 1864, between the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia, commanded by General Robert E. Lee, and the Union Army of the Potomac, commanded by Major General George G. Meade under the direct supervision of the general-in-chief, Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant.
1864年7月
Battle of Monocacy
The Battle of Monocacy was fought on July 9, 1864, about 6 miles (9.7 km) from Frederick, Maryland, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864 during the American Civil War. Confederate forces under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early defeated Union forces under Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace. The battle was part of Early's raid through the Shenandoah Valley and into Maryland in an attempt to divert Union forces from their siege of Gen. Robert E. Lee's army at Petersburg, Virginia.
1864年7月
Battle of Ezra Church
The Battle of Ezra Church, also known as the Battle of Ezra Chapel and the Battle of the Poor House saw Union Army forces under Major General William T. Sherman fight Confederate States Army troops led by General John B. Hood in Fulton County, Georgia during the Atlanta campaign in the American Civil War. Sherman sent Oliver O. Howard's Union Army of the Tennessee circling around the west side of Atlanta with the purpose of cutting the Macon and Western Railroad. Hood countered the move by sending two corps commanded by Stephen D. Lee and Alexander P. Stewart to block the move. Before Howard's troops reached the railroad, the Confederates launched several attacks on them that were repulsed with heavy losses. Despite the tactical defeat, the Confederates prevented their foes from blocking the railroad.
1864年7月
Battle of Peachtree Creek
The Battle of Peachtree Creek was fought in Georgia on July 20, 1864, as part of the Atlanta campaign in the American Civil War. It was the first major attack by Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood since taking command of the Confederate Army of Tennessee. The attack was against Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman's Union army, which was perched on the doorstep of Atlanta. The main armies in the conflict were the Union Army of the Cumberland, commanded by Maj. Gen. George Henry Thomas and two corps of the Confederate Army of Tennessee.
1864年7月
Battle of Fort Stevens
The Battle of Fort Stevens was an American Civil War battle fought July 11–12, 1864, in Washington County, D.C. in present-day Northwest Washington, D.C., during the Valley campaigns of 1864 between forces under Confederate Lieutenant General Jubal Early and Union Major General Alexander McDowell McCook.
1864年8月
莫比尔湾战役
莫比尔湾海战是1864年8月5日在阿拉巴马州爆发的一场海战，是南北战争中的一部分。当时联邦军海军攻占美利坚联盟国位于莫比尔湾的三个堡垒。
1864年8月 – 1864年9月
Battle of Jonesborough
The Battle of Jonesborough was fought between Union Army forces led by William Tecumseh Sherman and Confederate forces under William J. Hardee during the Atlanta campaign in the American Civil War. On the first day, on orders from Army of Tennessee commander John Bell Hood, Hardee's troops attacked the Federals and were repulsed with heavy losses. That evening, Hood ordered Hardee to send half his troops back to Atlanta. On the second day, five Union corps converged on Jonesborough. For the only time during the Atlanta Campaign, a major Federal frontal assault succeeded in breaching the Confederate defenses. The attack took 900 prisoners, but the defenders were able to halt the breakthrough and improvise new defenses. Despite facing overwhelming odds, Hardee's corps escaped undetected to the south that evening.
1864年9月
Third Battle of Winchester
The Third Battle of Winchester, also known as the Battle of Opequon or Battle of Opequon Creek, was an American Civil War battle fought near Winchester, Virginia, on September 19, 1864. Union Army Major General Philip Sheridan defeated Confederate Army Lieutenant General Jubal Early in one of the largest, bloodiest, and most important battles in the Shenandoah Valley. Among the 5,000 Union casualties were one general killed and three wounded. The casualty rate for the Confederates was high: about 4,000 of 15,500. Two Confederate generals were killed and four were wounded. Participants in the battle included two future presidents of the United States, two future governors of Virginia, a former vice president of the United States, and a colonel whose grandson, George S. Patton, became a famous general in World War II.
1864年9月
Battle of Fisher's Hill
The Battle of Fisher's Hill was fought September 21–22, 1864, near Strasburg, Virginia, as part of the Valley Campaigns of 1864 during the American Civil War. Despite its strong defensive position, the Confederate army of Lt. Gen. Jubal Early was defeated by the Union Army of the Shenandoah, commanded by Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan.
1864年10月
Battle of Cedar Creek
The Battle of Cedar Creek, or Battle of Belle Grove, was fought on October 19, 1864, during the American Civil War. The fighting took place in the Shenandoah Valley of Northern Virginia, near Cedar Creek, Middletown, and the Valley Pike. During the morning, Lieutenant General Jubal Early appeared to have a victory for his Confederate army, as he captured over 1,000 prisoners and over 20 artillery pieces while forcing seven enemy infantry divisions to fall back. The Union army, led by Major General Philip Sheridan, rallied in late afternoon and drove away Early's men. In addition to recapturing all of their own artillery seized in the morning, Sheridan's forces captured most of Early's artillery and wagons.
1864年10月
西港战役
西港之战，有时被称为“西部的盖茨堡之战”，是美国南北战争的一场会战，于1864年10月23日发生于今天的密苏里州堪萨斯城。塞缪尔·柯蒂斯少将指挥下的联邦军决定性地击败了斯特林·普莱斯少将指挥的寡不敌众的联盟军。这次交战是普莱斯的密苏里远征的转折点，迫使他的军队撤退。这场会战是密西西比河以西的最大的一场交战，一共有3万多人参与作战，终结了南军在密西西比河以西战场上的最后一次重大攻势。从此直到战争结束，联邦军对密苏里州的大部分地区保持了稳固的控制。
1864年11月 – 1864年12月
舍曼向大海进军
谢尔曼向大海进军 是萨凡纳战役的通俗名称，此战役为南北战争的一部分，由联邦军少将威廉·特库姆塞·谢尔曼领导，自1864年11月15日至1864年12月21日，发生于乔治亚州。此战役以11月16日谢尔曼军队离开已占领的亚特兰大城为开始，并以12月21日占领萨凡纳港为结束。这场战役给南方带来了巨大的损失，对工业和基础设施的破坏尤其严重，对于平民财产也造成了毁损。军事历史学家David J. Eicher写道，谢尔曼“因深入敌人领地且无补给或通信线路的行动而挑战了军事法则。他摧毁了许多南方人身体和心理上发动战争的能力。”
1864年11月
Battle of Franklin
The Battle of Franklin was fought on November 30, 1864, in Franklin, Tennessee, as part of the Franklin–Nashville Campaign of the American Civil War. It was one of the worst disasters of the war for the Confederate States Army. Confederate Lieutenant General John Bell Hood's Army of Tennessee conducted numerous frontal assaults against fortified positions occupied by the Union forces under Major General John Schofield and was unable to prevent Schofield from executing a planned, orderly withdrawal to Nashville.
1864年11月
Battle of Spring Hill
The Battle of Spring Hill was fought November 29, 1864, at Spring Hill, Tennessee, as part of the Franklin-Nashville Campaign of the American Civil War. The Confederate Army of Tennessee, commanded by Lt. Gen. John Bell Hood, attacked a Union force under Maj. Gen. John M. Schofield as it retreated from Columbia through Spring Hill. Because of a series of command failures and solid U.S. Army leadership, the Confederates were unable to inflict serious damage on the Federals and could not prevent their safe passage north to Franklin during the night. The next day, Hood pursued Schofield and attacked his fortifications in the Battle of Franklin, resulting in severe Confederate casualties.
1864年12月
Battle of Nashville
The Battle of Nashville was a two-day battle in the Franklin–Nashville campaign that represented the end of large-scale fighting west of the coastal states in the American Civil War. It was fought at Nashville, Tennessee, on December 15–16, 1864, between the Confederate Army of Tennessee under Lieutenant General John Bell Hood and the Union Army of the Cumberland (AoC) under Major General George H. Thomas. In one of the largest victories achieved by the Union army during the war, Thomas attacked and routed Hood's army, largely destroying it as an effective fighting force.
1865年1月 – 1865年4月
Carolinas campaign
The Carolinas campaign, also known as the Campaign of the Carolinas, was the final campaign conducted by the Union army against the Confederate army in the western theater of the American Civil War. On January 1, Maj. Gen. William T. Sherman advanced north from Savannah, Georgia, through the Carolinas, with the intention of linking up with Union forces in Virginia. The campaign culminated in the defeat of Confederate Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's army at the Battle of Bentonville, and its unconditional surrender to Union forces on April 26, 1865. Coming just two weeks after the defeat of Robert E. Lee's army at the Battle of Appomattox Court House, it signaled that the war was effectively over.
1865年3月 – 1865年4月
阿波马托克斯会战
阿波马托克斯战役 是美国内战末期于1865年3月29日至4月9日在弗吉尼亚州爆发的一系列战斗，最终导致邦联最高指挥官罗伯特·E·李将军率领的北弗吉尼亚集团军向尤利西斯·S·格兰特率领的联邦陆军（包括波托马克集团军、詹姆斯集团军和谢南多厄集团军）投降，这标志着持续4年的美国内战的实质性结束。
1865年3月
Battle of Bentonville
The Battle of Bentonville was fought in Johnston County, North Carolina, near the village of Bentonville, as part of the Western Theater of the American Civil War. It was the last battle between the western field armies of William T. Sherman and Joseph E. Johnston.
1865年3月
Battle of Waynesboro, Virginia
The Battle of Waynesboro was fought on March 2, 1865, at Waynesboro in Augusta County, Virginia, during the American Civil War. It was a complete victory for Brig. Gen. George Armstrong Custer and the final battle for Confederate Lt. Gen. Jubal Early, whose force was destroyed.
1865年3月
Battle of Fort Stedman
The Battle of Fort Stedman, also known as the Battle of Hare's Hill, was fought on March 25, 1865, during the final weeks of the American Civil War. The Union Army fortification in the siege lines around Petersburg, Virginia, was attacked in a pre-dawn Confederate assault by troops led by Maj. Gen. John B. Gordon. The attack was the last serious attempt by Confederate troops to break the Siege of Petersburg. After an initial success, Gordon's men were driven back by Union troops of the IX Corps commanded by Maj. Gen. John G. Parke.
1865年4月
Battle of Appomattox Court House
The Battle of Appomattox Court House, fought in Appomattox County, Virginia, on the morning of April 9, 1865, was one of the last, and ultimately one of the most consequential, battles of the American Civil War (1861–1865). It was the final push of Confederate general in chief Robert E. Lee and his Army of Northern Virginia before they surrendered to the Union Army of the Potomac under the Commanding General of the United States Army, Ulysses S. Grant.
1865年4月
Battle of Five Forks
The Battle of Five Forks was fought on April 1, 1865, southwest of Petersburg, Virginia, around the road junction of Five Forks, Dinwiddie County, at the end of the Siege of Petersburg, near the conclusion of the American Civil War.
1865年4月
水手溪之戰
{{NoteTa |G1=地名 |G2=人名 水手溪之战 爆发于1865年4月6日，为美国内战中阿波马托克斯战役的会战之一。
1865年4月
Third Battle of Petersburg
The Third Battle of Petersburg, also known as the Breakthrough at Petersburg or the Fall of Petersburg, was fought on April 2, 1865, south and southwest Virginia in the area of Petersburg, Virginia, at the end of the 292-day Richmond–Petersburg Campaign and in the beginning stage of the Appomattox Campaign near the conclusion of the American Civil War. The Union Army under the overall command of General-in-Chief Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant, launched an assault on General Robert E. Lee's Confederate Army of Northern Virginia's Petersburg, Virginia, trenches and fortifications after the Union victory at the Battle of Five Forks on April 1, 1865. As a result of that battle the Confederate right flank and rear were exposed. The remaining supply lines were cut and the Confederate defenders were reduced by over 10,000 men killed, wounded, taken prisoner or in flight.
1865年5月
Battle of Palmito Ranch
The Battle of Palmito Ranch, also known as the Battle of Palmito Hill, is considered by some criteria the final battle of the American Civil War. It was fought May 12 and 13, 1865, on the banks of the Rio Grande east of Brownsville, Texas, and a few miles from the seaport of Los Brazos de Santiago, at the southern tip of Texas. The battle took place more than a month after the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee to Union forces at Appomattox Court House, which had since been communicated to both commanders at Palmito. However, in early May Confederate General Edmund Kirby Smith had rejected a proposal from Union Major-General John Pope to surrender Confederate forces in the Trans-Mississippi Department on the same terms that General Ulysses S. Grant had given to Robert E. Lee. As such Kirby Smith only officially surrendered all Confederate forces in the Trans-Mississippi Department on June 2, 1865.
附近的前后事件
- 1763年 – 1783年美國革命
- 1776年美国独立宣言
- 1787年美国宪法
- 1861年4月 – 1865年5月南北战争本页
- 1863年蓋茨堡之戰
- 1863年解放奴隸宣言
- 1867年阿拉斯加購地
统治这片土地的国家
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