December 1636 ~ February 1637
The Qing invasion of Joseon occurred in the winter of 1636 when the newly established Manchu-led Qing Empire invaded the Joseon Kingdom of what is now Korea, establishing the former's status as the hegemon in the Imperial Chinese tributary system and formally severing Joseon's relationship with the Han-led Ming dynasty. The invasion was preceded by the Later Jin invasion of Joseon in 1627.
December 1636 ~ February 1637
When Qing cavalry cut the road to Ganghwa Island, King Injo and his court took refuge in Namhansanseong, a mountain fortress south of Hanyang (Seoul). Surrounded by the Qing army, they held out for about 47 days, but with food running out and Ganghwa fallen, Injo surrendered to Hong Taiji at Samjeondo in early 1637.