पेलोपोनेशियन युद्ध
- अवधि
- 431 ई.पू. – 404 ई.पू.
- पक्ष
- स्पार्टा और पेलोपोनेसियन संघ vs एथेंस और डेलियन संघ
- लड़ाइयाँ
- 17
पेलोपोनेसियन युद्ध, जो 431 ईसा पूर्व से 404 ईसा पूर्व तक चला, ग्रीस के दो सबसे शक्तिशाली शहर-राज्यों, एथेंस और स्पार्टा के बीच एक लंबा और विनाशकारी युद्ध था। युद्ध के कई कारण थे, लेकिन सबसे प्रमुख कारण थे एथेंस के बढ़ती हुई शक्ति और प्रभुत्व। स्पार्टा की एथेंस की शक्ति को सीमित करना चाह रहा था। एथेंस ने 479 ईसा पूर्व में ग्रीस-फ़ारसी युद्धों में अपनी भूमिका के बाद एक प्रमुख शक्ति के रूप में उभरना शुरू कर दिया। उसने एक मजबूत नौसेना विकसित की और डेलियन लीग की स्थापना की, जो एक सैन्य और आर्थिक गठबंधन था जिसने ग्रीक दुनिया के अधिकांश हिस्सों को नियंत्रित किया। एथेंस ने लीग के माध्यम से अपने प्रभाव का विस्तार किया, जिससे अन्य शहर-राज्यों को एथेंस के अधीन होने के लिए मजबूर होना पड़ा।
स्रोत: विकिपीडिया — पेलोपोनेशियन युद्ध · CC BY-SA 4.0
लड़ाइयाँ 17
429 ई.पू.
Battle of Naupactus
The Battle of Naupactus was a naval battle in the Peloponnesian War. The battle, which took place a week after the Athenian victory at Rhium, set an Athenian fleet of twenty ships, commanded by Phormio, against a Peloponnesian fleet of seventy-seven ships, commanded by Cnemus.
429 ई.पू.
Battle of Spartolos
The Battle of Spartolos took place in 429 BC between Athens and the Chalcidian League and their allies, in the early part of the Peloponnesian War.
429 ई.पू.
Battle of Rhium
The Battle of Rhium or the battle of Chalcis was a naval battle in the Peloponnesian War between an Athenian fleet commanded by Phormio and a Peloponnesian fleet composed of contingents from various states, each with its own commander. The battle came about when the Peloponnesian fleet, numbering 47 triremes, attempted to cross over to the northern shore of the Gulf of Patras to attack Acarnania in support of an offensive in northwestern Greece; Phormio's fleet attacked the Peloponnesians while they were making the crossing.
429 ई.पू.
Siege of Plataea
The siege of Plataea took place in 429–427 BC, during the Peloponnesian War. At the beginning of the conflict, the Thebans attacked the city of Plataea, an Athenian ally on the border between Boeotia and Attica. The initial Theban attempt to capture the city failed, but in 429 BC the Thebans' allies, the Spartans under their king Archidamus II, laid siege to the city. Left unaided by Athens, the Plataeans finally surrendered in 428 BC. Plataea was razed to the ground by the Thebans, and was not restored until after 338 BC by Philip II of Macedon.
426 ई.पू.
Battle of Olpae
The Battle of Olpae took place during the Peloponnesian War in 426 BC, between armies led by Athens and Sparta.
425 ई.पू.
Battle of Sphacteria
The Battle of Sphacteria was a land battle of the Peloponnesian War, fought in 425 BC between Athens and Sparta. Following the Battle of Pylos and subsequent peace negotiations, which failed, a number of Spartans were stranded on the island of Sphacteria. An Athenian force under Cleon and Demosthenes attacked and forced them to surrender.
425 ई.पू.
Battle of Pylos
The Battle of Pylos, fought at sea and land, took place in 425 BC during the Peloponnesian War at the peninsula of Pylos, on the present-day Bay of Navarino in Messenia, and was an Athenian victory over Sparta. An Athenian fleet had been driven ashore at Pylos by a storm, and, at the instigation of Demosthenes, the Athenian soldiers fortified the peninsula, and a small force was left there when the fleet departed again. The establishment of an Athenian garrison in Spartan territory frightened the Spartan leadership, and the Spartan army, which had been ravaging Attica under the command of Agis, ended their expedition and marched home, while the Spartan fleet at Corcyra sailed to Pylos.
424 ई.पू.
Battle of Delium
The Battle of Delium took place in 424 BC, during the Peloponnesian War. It was fought between the Athenians and the Boeotians, who were allies of the Spartans, and ended with the siege of Delium in the following weeks.
422 ई.पू.
Battle of Amphipolis
The Battle of Amphipolis was fought in 422 BC during the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta. It was the culmination of events that began in 424 BC with the capture of Amphipolis by the Spartans.
418 ई.पू.
Battle of Mantinea (418 BC)
The first Battle of Mantinea was fought in 418 BC during the Peloponnesian War. In this battle, Sparta and its Peloponnesian allies defeated an allied army of Argos, Athens, Mantinea and several others.
415 ई.पू. – 413 ई.पू.
Sicilian Expedition
The Sicilian Expedition was an Athenian military campaign in Sicily from 415 to 413 BC during the Peloponnesian War. It pitted Athens and its allies against Syracuse, supported by Sparta and Corinth. The expedition ended in a devastating defeat for the Athenians and severely weakened their position in the war.
415 ई.पू.
Siege of Melos
The siege of Melos occurred in 416 BC, during the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta, when the Athenians attacked Melos, an island in the Aegean Sea roughly 110 kilometres east of mainland Greece. Though the Melians had ancestral ties to Sparta, they were neutral in the war. Athens invaded Melos in the summer of 416 BC and demanded that the Melians surrender and pay tribute to Athens or face annihilation. The Melians refused, so the Athenians laid siege to their city. Melos surrendered in the winter, and the Athenians executed the men of Melos and enslaved the women and children.
411 ई.पू.
Battle of Cynossema
The naval Battle of Cynossema took place in 411 BC during the Second Peloponnesian War. In the battle, an Athenian fleet commanded by Thrasybulus and Thrasyllus, although initially thrown on the defensive by a numerically superior Spartan fleet, won a narrow victory. This victory had an impact out of proportion to its tactical significance, coming when Athens' traditional democratic government had been replaced by an oligarchy and an Athenian defeat could have ended the war. The newly confident Athenian fleet proceeded to win two more victories in the Hellespont in quick succession, the second being the dramatic rout at Cyzicus, which ended the immediate Spartan threat to Athens' Black Sea lifeline.
410 ई.पू.
Battle of Cyzicus
The Battle of Cyzicus took place in May or June 410 BC during the Peloponnesian War. During the battle, an Athenian fleet commanded by Alcibiades, Thrasybulus, and Theramenes routed and destroyed a Spartan fleet commanded by Mindarus. The victory allowed Athens to recover control over a number of cities in the Hellespont over the next year. In the wake of their defeat, the Spartans made a peace offer, which the Athenians rejected.
406 ई.पू.
Battle of Arginusae
The Battle of Arginusae took place in 406 BC during the Peloponnesian War near the city of Canae in the Arginusae Islands, east of the island of Lesbos. In the battle, an Athenian fleet commanded by eight strategoi defeated a Spartan fleet under Callicratidas. The battle was precipitated by a Spartan victory, which led to the Athenian fleet under Conon being blockaded at Mytilene. To relieve Conon, the Athenians assembled a scratch force composed largely of newly-constructed ships manned by inexperienced crews. The inexperienced fleet was thus tactically inferior to the Spartans, but its commanders circumvented the problem by employing new and unorthodox tactics, which allowed the Athenians to secure a dramatic and unexpected victory. Slaves and metics who participated in the battle may have been granted Athenian citizenship.
406 ई.पू.
Battle of Notium
The Battle of Notium in 406 BC was a Spartan naval victory in the Peloponnesian War. Prior to the battle, the Athenian commander, Alcibiades, left his helmsman, Antiochus, in command of the Athenian fleet, which was blockading the Spartan fleet in Ephesus. In violation of his orders, Antiochus attempted to draw the Spartans into battle by tempting them with a small decoy force. His strategy backfired, and the Spartans under Lysander scored a small but symbolically significant victory over the Athenian fleet. This victory resulted in the downfall of Alcibiades, and established Lysander as a commander who could defeat the Athenians at sea.
405 ई.पू.
Battle of Aegospotami
The Battle of Aegospotami was a naval confrontation that took place in 405 BC and was the last major battle of the Peloponnesian War. In the battle, a Spartan fleet under Lysander destroyed the Athenian navy. This effectively ended the war, since Athens could not import grain or communicate with its empire without control of the sea.
आसपास की पहले और बाद की घटनाएँ
- 814 ई.पू.प्राचीन कार्थेज़
- 431 ई.पू. – 404 ई.पू.पेलोपोनेशियन युद्धयह पृष्ठ
- 264 ई.पू. – 241 ई.पू.प्रथम प्यूनिक युद्ध
- 264 ई.पू. – 146 ई.पू.पुनिक युद्ध
- 218 ई.पू. – 201 ई.पू.द्वितीय प्यूनिक युद्ध
इस भूमि पर किसने शासन किया
ऐतिहासिक सीमा डेटा (Cliopatria) के अनुसार यह स्थान जिन राज्यों में था। वर्ष डेटा के अंतराल (कुछ वर्षों से एक सदी) के अनुसार अनुमानित हैं। उस वर्ष का नक्शा देखने के लिए टैप करें।
- 700 ई.पू. – 300 ई.पू.प्राचीन यूनानयह पृष्ठ
- 250 ई.पू.यूनानी उपनिवेश
- 200 ई.पू. – 50 ई.पू.रोम गणतंत्र
- 1 – 375रोमन साम्राज्य
- 400 – 425पश्चिमी रोमन साम्राज्य
19 और दिखाएँ
- 450 – 475वैंडल राज्य
- 500 – 525ओस्ट्रोगोथिक राज्य
- 550 – 850बाइज़ेंटाइन साम्राज्य
- 875 – 900Muslim Sicily
- 925 – 950फुटीमद खलीफा
- 975 – 1080Muslim Sicily
- 1100 – 1120नॉर्मन इटली
- 1140 – 1260सिसिली साम्राज्य
- 1300आरागॉन राज्य
- 1320 – 1380सिसिली साम्राज्य
- 1400 – 1510आरागॉन राज्य
- 1520 – 1580स्पेन
- 1590 – 1630इबेरियन संघ
- 1640 – 1760स्पेन
- 1770 – 1810नेपल्स राज्य (नेपोलियनी)
- 1815 – 1855दो सिसिली राज्य
- 1860सार्डिनिया राज्य
- 1865 – 1942इटली का साम्राज्य
- 1946 –इटली